Ashina Xian 阿史那獻 | |
---|---|
Xingxiwang Khagan | |
Reign | 708 – 717 |
Predecessor | Ashina Huaidao |
Successor | Ashina Zhen |
Died | 717? Changan |
Issue | Ashina Zhen |
House | Ashina |
Father | Ashina Yuanqing |
Ashina Xian was a Western Turk khagan, also a general of Protectorate General to Pacify the West from 708 to 717, appointed by the Tang dynasty.
When his father was executed by Lai Junchen in 692, he was exiled to Yazhou. However, he was recalled to court in 703.
In 708, he was appointed Xingxiwang Khagan (Chinese :興昔亡可汗; lit.'The khagan who makes fallen to rise again') by Zhongzhong. However, Suoge was appointed as his subordinate, [1] who was going to appointed Shisixing Khagan (Chinese :十四姓可汗; lit.'Khagan of Fourteen Tribes') later. [2]
In 714, after the death of Suoge in the Battle of Bolchu, Xian was created Qixi (碛西) Military Commissioner and sent to Suyab to fill in the power vacuum.
Nevertheless, when Suluk rose to prominence, the Tang appointed Ashina Xian as the Shixing Qaghan in 716 and appointed Suluk as his deputy, to appease Suluk. Suluk's growing ambition over Xian's overlordship resulted in war and defeat of Xian in June and July in 717. [3]
After defeat he left for Changan and died sometime during the Kaiyuan era. His successor was his son Ashina Zhen. [4]
Bumin Qaghan (Old Turkic: 𐰉𐰆𐰢𐰣:𐰴𐰍𐰣, romanized: Bumïn qaɣan, also known as Illig Qaghan or Yamï Qaghan was the founder of the Turkic Khaganate. He was the eldest son of Ashina Tuwu. He was the chieftain of the Turks under the sovereignty of Rouran Khaganate. He is also mentioned as Tumen of the Rouran Khaganate.
Bilge Qaghan was the fourth Qaghan of the Second Turkic Khaganate. His accomplishments were described in the Orkhon inscriptions.
Ishbara Qaghan was the first son of Issik Qaghan, grandson of Bumin Qaghan, and the sixth khagan of the Turkic Khaganate (581–587).
Illig Qaghan, born Ashina Duobi, posthumous name Prince Huang of Guiyi (歸義荒王), was the last qaghan of the Eastern Turkic Khaganate.
The Western Turkic Khaganate or Onoq Khaganate was a Turkic khaganate in Eurasia, formed as a result of the wars in the beginning of the 7th century after the split of the First Turkic Khaganate, into a western and an eastern Khaganate.
Ishbara Khagan was the last khagan of the Western Turkic Khaganate.
The Türgesh or Türgish were a Turkic tribal confederation. Once belonging to the Duolu wing of the Western Turkic On Oq elites, Türgeshes emerged as an independent power after the demise of the Western Turks and established a khaganate in 699. The Türgesh Khaganate lasted until 766 when the Karluks defeated them. Türgesh and Göktürks were related through marriage.
The Xueyantuo were an ancient Tiele tribe and khaganate in Northeast Asia who were at one point vassals of the Göktürks, later aligning with the Tang dynasty against the Eastern Göktürks.
Heshana Qaghan or Heshana Khagan (Chinese: 曷娑那可汗, : hésuōnà kěhàn, : ho-so-na k'o-han, Middle Chinese or 曷薩那可汗/曷萨那可汗, hésànà kěhàn, ho-sa-na k'o-han; at one point known as Chuluo Kehan and Nijue Chuluo Khagan, personal name Ashina Daman - was the second khagan of the Western Turkic Khaganate. He was the son of Niri Qaghan. He appeared as Čôl χâɣân in The Provincial Capitals of Iran.
Zhenzhu Khan was a khan of Xueyantuo, under whom Xueyantuo rose from being a vassal of Eastern Tujue to a mighty khanate ruling over northern and central Asia. His personal name was recorded as YishiYinan, latter being Chinese rendering of Inan. He was later bestowed with full regal title Zhenzhupijia Khan.
Qapaghan or Qapghan Qaghan was the second khagan of the Second Turkic Khaganate during Wu Zetian's reign and was the younger brother of the first kaghan, Ilterish Qaghan.
Suluk, Sul-lu or Sulu (?-738) was a Türgesh tribal leader and a Qaghan who defended Transoxiana against Umayyad conquest in the early 8th century.
Alp Bilge Qağan or Eletmiş Qağan was a Basmyl chief who rebelled and brought Second Turkic Khaganate to an end.
Ashina Mishe was a puppet Turkic khagan installed by the Emperor Gaozong of the Tang dynasty to rule over former Western Turkic territories. Xue Zongzheng suggested he and Duolu Khagan were the same person.
Ashina Buzhen was a member of the ruling caste of the Western Turks. He was appointed khagan by Emperor Gaozong of the Tang dynasty after the conquest of the Western Turks. His fierce rivalry with his cousin, Ashina Mishe, was instrumental in driving the Western Turks away from the Tang and into allegiance with the Tibetan Empire.
Ashina Duzhi was a Qaghan of the Western Turkic Khaganate following the conquest of Tang dynasty.
Ashina Yuanqing was a puppet Turkic khagan installed by Wu Zetian in 685.
Ashina Huseluo (693–704) also known by his real name Böri, as was a puppet khagan installed by Wu Zetian of the Wu Zhou dynasty.
Ashina Zhen — was a puppet khagan set up by Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang dynasty in China; He ruled briefly.
Saqal was a Turgesh Qaghan. According to Yuri Zuev, he was a Manichaeist so that his name was possibly derived from Manichean theonym Sakla which means "Creator of the World". Other reconstructions are Saqal and Soq.