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Ashirbadi Lal Srivastava, more commonly known as A.L. Srivastava, born 16 September 1899, in Andhana, Uttar Pradesh, died 12 July 1973, in Agra district, was an Indian historian specialising in medieval, early modern and modern history of India.
Srivastava studied history in Lucknow where he completed his Ph.D. (Doctor of philosophy) in 1932, and in Agra and Lucknow where he achieved D. Litt. (Doctor of Letters, 1938/1945) while writing works concerning the three first Nawabs of Oudh (Awadh) in the 18th century (see article Nawabs of Oudh). Besides English and his mother tongue Hindi, he mastered Persian, the language at court and of diplomats, and Urdu while commanding a working knowledge of Sanskrit, Marathi, Rajasthani and Punjabi. [1] For reading Arabic sources he asked for advice from Muslim Maulwis. [2]
In 1917, he was married to Phool Kumari (1904-1973); the couple had three sons and three daughters. [2]
In 1927 he passed his M.A. and got a job at the Government College, Udaipur. In 1932 he was awarded a Ph.D. by the University of Lucknow (the first Ph.D. degree holder in the history of this faculty). [2] In 1934 he became head of the Dungar College, Bikaner, in 1938 he was promoted to D. Litt. by the University of Agra.
In 1943, Srivastava was appointed head of the history department at D.A.V. College, Lahore. In 1946, he was given additional charge of the professorship and head of history department, Panjab University, Lahore. [3] In August, 1947, he was appointed professor and head, history and political science department, Agra College, Agra and retired from this Institution on 30 June 1962. [4]
Srivastava published in English as well as in Hindi. As his Guru in history he named Prof. K. R. Qanungo, while he recognized the Bengali historian Jadunath Sarkar (1870-1959) to be the "greatest authority on the history of India". [5]
He died, aged 74, from stomach cancer. [2]
Srivastava was a recipient of the Sir Jadunath Sarkar Gold Medal of the Asiatic Society, Calcutta (1953) for his research in medieval Indian history. He was a contributor to the Encyclopædia Britannica and to the Bengali and the Marathi Encyclopaedias of Calcutta and Poona (see list above) and founder respectively & chief editor of two research journals, Agra College Journal of History and Uttara Bharati Journal of Research. As an academic & professor he supervised about 30 students during their Ph.D. and D.Litt. degrees. [2]
The Second Battle of Panipat was fought on 5 November 1556, between Akbar and the king of Delhi, Hemu. Hemu had conquered Delhi and Agra a few weeks earlier by defeating Mughal forces under Tardi Beg Khan in the battle of Delhi and crowned himself Raja Vikramaditya at Purana Quila in Delhi.
Awadh, known in British historical texts as Avadh or Oudh, is a historical region in northern India, now constituting the northeastern portion of Uttar Pradesh. It is roughly synonymous with the ancient Kosala region of Hindu, Buddhist, and Jain scriptures.
Shuja-ud-Daula was the Subedar and Nawab of Oudh and the Vizier of Delhi from 5 October 1754 to 26 January 1775.
Abul Mansur Mirza Muhammad Muqim Ali Khan, better known as Safdar Jang, was a major figure at the Mughal court during the declining years of the Mughal Empire. He became the second Nawab of Awadh when he succeeded Saadat Ali Khan I in 1739. All future Nawabs of Oudh were patriarchal descendants of Safdar Jang.
Rohillas are a mixed Indian community of Pashtun heritage, historically found in Rohilkhand, a region in the state of Uttar Pradesh, India. It forms the largest Pashtun diaspora community in India, and has given its name to the Rohilkhand region. The Rohilla military chiefs settled in this region of northern India in the 1720s, the first of whom was Ali Mohammed Khan.
Saadat Ali Khan Nishapuri was the Subahdar Nawab of Awadh (Oudh) from 26 January 1722 to 1739 and the son of Muhammad Nasir. At age 25 he accompanied his father on the final campaign of the Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb against the Marathas in the Deccan, and the emperor awarded him the title of Khan Bahadur for his service.
The Treaty of Allahabad was signed on 16 August 1765, between the Mughal Emperor Shah Alam II, son of the late Emperor Alamgir II, and Robert Clive, of the East India Company, in the aftermath of the Battle of Buxar of 22 October 1764. The treaty was handwritten by I'tisam-ud-Din, a Bengali Muslim scribe and diplomat to the Mughal Empire.
Alivardi Khan was the Nawab of Bengal from 1740 to 1756. He toppled the Nasiri dynasty of Nawabs by defeating Sarfaraz Khan in 1740 and assumed power himself.
Prayagraj, initially named Ilahabad or Allahabad in an anglicized version in Roman script, and anciently Prayag, is a city situated on an inland peninsula, surrounded by the rivers Ganges and Yamuna on three sides, with only one side connected to the mainland Doab region, of which it is a part. This position is of importance in Hindu scriptures for it is situated at the confluence, known as Triveni Sangam, of the holy rivers. As per Rigveda the Sarasvati River was part of the three river confluence in ancient times. It is one of four sites of the Kumbh Mela, an important mass Hindu pilgrimage.
The Nawab of Awadh or the Nawab of Oudh was the title of the rulers who governed the state of Awadh in north India during the 18th and 19th centuries. The Nawabs of Awadh belonged to an Iranian dynasty of Sayyid origin from Nishapur, Iran. In 1724, Nawab Sa'adat Khan established the Oudh State with their capital in Faizabad and Lucknow.
The First Rohilla War of 1773–1774 was a punitive campaign by Shuja-ud-Daula, Nawab of Awadh on the behalf of Mughal Emperor, against the Rohillas, Indian descendants of Afghan highlanders settled in Rohilkhand, northern India. The Nawab was supported by troops of the British East India Company, in a successful campaign brought about by the Rohillas reneging on a debt to the Nawab.
Muḥammad Shīrān Khaljī, or simply Shiran Khalji, was the second governor of the Khalji dynasty of Bengal, based in Lakhnauti, Bengal, from 1206 until 1208.
The battle of Dewair (Dewar) was fought between Amar Singh I of Mewar and Mughal army led by Jahangir under Muhammad Parviz and Asaf Khan III. Shortly after his accession in 1606, Jahangir sent an army of 20,000 cavalry to attack Mewar. Parviz was only the figurative commander while in reality the de facto commander was Jahangir who directed Asaf Khan. Amar led a hard fought battle to defend his territory, and personally killed the Mughal commander Sultan Khan and his horse by spear which went through both. Reportedly, Asaf Khan retreated from the battlefield. Both Amar and Asaf Khan claimed victory in an indecisive battle.
Nawab Ghazanfar-Jang, Bangash Khan was the first Nawab of Farrukhabad in Uttar Pradesh, India. He was a "Bawan Hazari Sardar" in the Mughal Army. He served as governor of Malwa and Allahabad provinces of the Mughal empire. He was also viceroy of Assam from 1735-1743. Although regarded as rude and illiterate, not understanding a single word of Persian or Pashto, he was well regarded for his loyalty, and it is believed that had fortune sided with him he would have been able to establish a kingdom rivalling those in the Deccan or Awadh.
The Oudh State was a princely state in the Awadh region of North India until its annexation by the British in 1856. The name Oudh, now obsolete, was once the anglicized name of the state, also written historically as Oudhe.
Jalal Khan Rohilla, known by his title Diler Khan, Diler Khan Daudzai was a Mughal general who served under Aurangzeb and was the governor of Awadh. He was born in India, and was son of Nawab Darya Khan Rohilla, a Rohilla Pathan who traced his descent to the Pashtun Daudzai tribe, and a mansabdar who served under the Indian Muslim Mir Bakhshi, Shaikh Farid Bukhari in 1603. He is known to battle and kill Murarbaji, the military general of Shivaji and the in-charge of Purandar Forts.
Qasimabad fort also known as Nawab Muhammad Qasim Fort. It was built by Nawab Sheikh Abdullah in 1742. The fort is located in the town of Kasimabad, of Ghazipur District, Uttar Pradesh, India.
The Battle of Fatehpur Sikri was a battle that occurred near Fatehpur Sikri on 26 September 1721 between Mughal forces and those of the Jats. 10,000 Mughal forces were led by Nilkanth against 6,000 soldiers led by Muhkam Singh Sinsinwar of Thun and Shardul Singh of Pathena. Nilkanth was killed during the battle, ultimately a failed attempt by the Mughal to re-establish themselves.
Maharaja Beni Bahadur was an administrator, minister, soldier & househelp in the courts of the Nawabs of Awadh from 1733 / 1734 to at least 1798 & at most 1814. He was most notable for his rapid rise to power, industry and charity.
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