Atypical SLCs

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Atypical Solute Carrier Families (Atypical SLCs) are novel plausible secondary active or facilitative transporter proteins that share ancestral background with the known solute carrier families (SLCs). However, they have not been assigned a name according to the SLC root system, or been classified into any of the existing SLC families. [1] [2]

Contents

Atypical major facilitator superfamily transport families

Most atypical SLCs are families within the major facilitator superfamily (MFS). [3] These atypical SLCs are plausible secondary active or facilitative transporter proteins that share ancestry with the known solute carriers. [1] [2] [4] They are, however, not named according to the SLC root system, or classified into any of the existing SLC families. [1] Atypical MFS transporter families (ATMFs) are categorised based on their sequence similarity and phylogenetic closeness. [3]

AMTFFamily membersSLC family
AMTF1MFSD9, MFSD10, MFSD14A, MFSD14BSLC46
AMTF2MFSD8
AMTF3MFSD4A, MFSD4B
AMTF4 CLN3
AMTF5MFSD7SLC49
AMTF6MFSD1, MFSD5
AMTF7MFSD12
AMTF8MFSD2A, MFSD2B
AMTF9SV2A, SV2B, SV2C, SVOP, SVOPLSLC22
AMTF10MFSD11, UNC93A, UNC93B1
AMTF11SPNS1, SPNS2, SPNS3
AMTF12MFSD13A
AMTF13MFSD6
AMTF14MFSD6L
AMTF15MFSD3

Some Atypical SLC of MFS type are: OCA2, CLN3, SPNS1, SPNS2, SPNS3, SV2A, SV2B, SV2C, SVOP, SVOPL, MFSD1, MFSD2A, MFSD2B, MFSD3, MFSD4A, [5] MFSD4B, MFSD5, MFSD6, MFSD6L, MFSD8, MFSD9, [5] MFSD10, MFSD11, MFSD12, MFSD13A, MFSD14A, MFSD14B, UNC93A [6] and UNC93B1. All these are atypical SLCs found within the Major facilitator superfamily. Also TMEM104 (APC clan), OCA2 (IT clan) and CLN3 (having no clan) are atypical SLCs in humans. [7] [8] [9]

Non-MFS transport families

Although most atypical SLCs are from the major facilitator superfamily, there are exceptions: TMEM104 (APC superfamily), OCA2 (IT superfamily) and CLN3 (unknown superfamily). [1]

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 Perland E, Fredriksson R (March 2017). "Classification Systems of Secondary Active Transporters". Trends in Pharmacological Sciences. 38 (3): 305–315. doi:10.1016/j.tips.2016.11.008. PMID   27939446.
  2. 1 2 Sreedharan S, Stephansson O, Schiöth HB, Fredriksson R (June 2011). "Long evolutionary conservation and considerable tissue specificity of several atypical solute carrier transporters". Gene. 478 (1–2): 11–18. doi:10.1016/j.gene.2010.10.011. PMID   21044875.
  3. 1 2 Perland E, Bagchi S, Klaesson A, Fredriksson R (September 2017). "Characteristics of 29 novel atypical solute carriers of major facilitator superfamily type: evolutionary conservation, predicted structure and neuronal co-expression". Open Biology. 7 (9) 170142. doi:10.1098/rsob.170142. PMC   5627054 . PMID   28878041.
  4. ↑ Höglund PJ, Nordström KJ, Schiöth HB, Fredriksson R (April 2011). "The solute carrier families have a remarkably long evolutionary history with the majority of the human families present before divergence of Bilaterian species". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 28 (4): 1531–1541. doi:10.1093/molbev/msq350. PMC   3058773 . PMID   21186191.
  5. 1 2 Perland E, Hellsten SV, Schweizer N, Arapi V, Rezayee F, Bushra M, Fredriksson R (2017). "Structural prediction of two novel human atypical SLC transporters, MFSD4A and MFSD9, and their neuroanatomical distribution in mice". PLOS ONE. 12 (10) e0186325. Bibcode:2017PLoSO..1286325P. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186325 . PMC   5648162 . PMID   29049335.
  6. ↑ Ceder MM, Lekholm E, Hellsten SV, Perland E, Fredriksson R (2017). "The Neuronal and Peripheral Expressed Membrane-Bound UNC93A Respond to Nutrient Availability in Mice". Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience. 10: 351. doi: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00351 . PMC   5671512 . PMID   29163028.
  7. ↑ "TMEM104 transmembrane protein 104 [Homo sapiens (human)] - Gene - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2022-03-14.
  8. ↑ "OCA2 OCA2 melanosomal transmembrane protein [Homo sapiens (human)] - Gene - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2022-03-14.
  9. ↑ "CLN3 CLN3 lysosomal/endosomal transmembrane protein, battenin [Homo sapiens (human)] - Gene - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2022-03-14.
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