Solute carrier family

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The solute carrier (SLC) group of membrane transport proteins include over 400 members organized into 66 families. [1] [2] Most members of the SLC group are located in the cell membrane. The SLC gene nomenclature system was originally proposed by the HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC) and is the basis for the official HGNC names of the genes that encode these transporters. A more general transmembrane transporter classification can be found in TCDB database.

Contents

Solutes that are transported by the various SLC group members are extremely diverse and include both charged and uncharged organic molecules as well as inorganic ions and the gas ammonia.

As is typical of integral membrane proteins, SLCs contain a number of hydrophobic transmembrane alpha helices connected to each other by hydrophilic intra- and extra-cellular loops. Depending on the SLC, these transporters are functional as either monomers or obligate homo- or hetero-oligomers. Many SLC families are members of the major facilitator superfamily.

Scope

By convention of the nomenclature system, members within an individual SLC family have greater than 20-25% sequence identity to each other. In contrast, the homology between SLC families is very low to non-existent. [3] Hence, the criteria for inclusion of a family into the SLC group is not evolutionary relatedness to other SLC families but rather functional (i.e., an integral membrane protein that transports a solute).

The SLC group include examples of transport proteins that are:

The SLC series does not include members of transport protein families that have previously been classified by other widely accepted nomenclature systems including:

Subcellular distribution

Most members of the SLC group are located in the cell membrane, but some members are located in mitochondria (the most notable one being SLC family 25) or other intracellular organelles.

Nomenclature system

Names of individual SLC members have the following format: [4]

where:

For example, SLC1A1 is the first isoform of subfamily A of SLC family 1.

An exception occurs with SLC family 21 [5] (the organic anion transporting polypeptide transporters), which for historical reasons have names in the format SLCOnXm where n = family number, X = subfamily letter, and m = member number.

While the HGNC only assign nomenclature to human genes, by convention vertebrate orthologs of these genes adopt the same nomenclature (e.g., VGNC-assigned orthologs of SLC10A1). For rodents, the case of the symbols differs from other vertebrates by using title case, i.e. Slc1a1 denotes the rodent ortholog of the human SLC1A1 gene.

Families

The following families are named under SLC: [6]

  1. high-affinity glutamate and neutral amino acid transporter [7]
  2. facilitative GLUT transporter [8]
  3. heavy subunits of heterodimeric amino acid transporters [9]
  4. bicarbonate transporter [10]
  5. sodium glucose cotransporter [11]
  6. sodium- and chloride-dependent sodium:neurotransmitter symporters [12]
  7. cationic amino acid transporter/glycoprotein-associated [13]
  8. Na+/Ca2+ exchanger [14]
  9. Na+/H+ exchanger [15]
  10. sodium bile salt cotransport [16]
  11. proton coupled metal ion transporter [17]
  12. electroneutral cation-Cl cotransporter [18]
  13. Na+-sulfate/carboxylate cotransporter [19]
  14. urea transporter [20]
  15. proton oligopeptide cotransporter [21]
  16. monocarboxylate transporter [22]
  17. vesicular glutamate transporter [23]
  18. vesicular amine transporter [24]
  19. folate/thiamine transporter [25]
  20. type III Na+-phosphate cotransporter [26]
  21. organic anion transporting [27]
  22. organic cation/anion/zwitterion transporter [28]
  23. Na+-dependent ascorbic acid transporter [29]
  24. Na+/(Ca2+-K+) exchanger [30]
  25. mitochondrial carrier [31]
  26. multifunctional anion exchanger [32]
  27. fatty acid transport proteins [33]
  28. Na+-coupled nucleoside transport [34]
  29. facilitative nucleoside transporter [35]
  30. zinc transporter [36]
  31. copper transporter [37]
  32. vesicular inhibitory amino acid transporter [38]
  33. Acetyl-CoA transporter [39]
  34. type II Na+-phosphate cotransporter [40]
  35. nucleotide-sugar transporter [41]
  36. proton-coupled amino acid transporter [42]
  37. sugar-phosphate/phosphate exchanger [43]
  38. System A & N, sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter [44]
  39. metal ion transporter [45]
  40. basolateral iron transporter [46]
  41. MgtE-like magnesium transporter
  42. Ammonia transporter [47] [48]
  43. Na+-independent, system-L like amino acid transporter
  44. Choline-like transporter
  45. Putative sugar transporter
  46. Folate transporter
  47. multidrug and toxin extrusion
  48. Heme transporter family
    • (SLC48A1)
  49. Heme transporter
  50. Sugar efflux transporters of the SWEET family
  51. Transporters of steroid-derived molecules
  52. Riboflavin transporter family RFVT/SLC52
  53. Phosphate carriers
  54. Mitochondrial pyruvate carriers
  55. Mitochondrial cation/proton exchangers
  56. Sideroflexins
  57. NiPA-like magnesium transporter family
  58. MagT-like magnesium transporter family
  59. Sodium-dependent lysophosphatidylcholine symporter family
  60. Glucose transporters
  61. Molybdate transporter family
  62. Pyrophosphate transporters
  63. Sphingosine-phosphate transporters
  64. Golgi Ca2+/H+ exchangers
  65. NPC-type cholesterol transporters
  66. Cationic amino acid exporters

Putative SLCs

Putative SLCs, also called atypical SLCs, are novel, plausible secondary active or facilitative transporter proteins that share ancestral background with the known SLCs. [2] [49] The atypical SLCs of MFS type can, however, be subdivided into 15 Putative MFS Transporter Families (AMTF). [49]

All the putative SLCs are plausible SLC transporters. Some are only "atypical" when it comes to their nomenclature; the genes have an SLC assignment but as an alias, and have retained their already assigned "non-SLC" gene symbol as the approved symbol.

Here are some Putative SLCs listed: OCA2, CLN3, TMEM104, SPNS1, SPNS2, SPNS3, SV2A, SV2B, SV2C, SVOP, SVOPL, MFSD1, [50] MFSD2A, MFSD2B, MFSD3, [50] MFSD4A, [51] MFSD4B, MFSD5, [52] MFSD6, MFSD6L, MFSD8, MFSD9, [51] MFSD10, MFSD11, [52] MFSD12, MFSD13A, MFSD14A, [53] MFSD14B, [53] UNC93A [54] [55] and UNC93B1.

Related Research Articles

A membrane transport protein is a membrane protein involved in the movement of ions, small molecules, and macromolecules, such as another protein, across a biological membrane. Transport proteins are integral transmembrane proteins; that is they exist permanently within and span the membrane across which they transport substances. The proteins may assist in the movement of substances by facilitated diffusion or active transport. The two main types of proteins involved in such transport are broadly categorized as either channels or carriers. The solute carriers and atypical SLCs are secondary active or facilitative transporters in humans. Collectively membrane transporters and channels are known as the transportome. Transportomes govern cellular influx and efflux of not only ions and nutrients but drugs as well.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cotransporter</span> Type of membrane transport proteins

Cotransporters are a subcategory of membrane transport proteins (transporters) that couple the favorable movement of one molecule with its concentration gradient and unfavorable movement of another molecule against its concentration gradient. They enable coupled or cotransport and include antiporters and symporters. In general, cotransporters consist of two out of the three classes of integral membrane proteins known as transporters that move molecules and ions across biomembranes. Uniporters are also transporters but move only one type of molecule down its concentration gradient and are not classified as cotransporters.

CD98 is a glycoprotein that is a heterodimer composed of SLC3A2 and SLC7A5 that forms the large neutral amino acid transporter (LAT1). LAT1 is a heterodimeric membrane transport protein that preferentially transports branched-chain and aromatic amino acids. LAT is highly expressed in brain capillaries relative to other tissues.

Sodium-dependent glucose cotransporters are a family of glucose transporter found in the intestinal mucosa (enterocytes) of the small intestine (SGLT1) and the proximal tubule of the nephron. They contribute to renal glucose reabsorption. In the kidneys, 100% of the filtered glucose in the glomerulus has to be reabsorbed along the nephron. If the plasma glucose concentration is too high (hyperglycemia), glucose passes into the urine (glucosuria) because SGLT are saturated with the filtered glucose.

The Na–K–Cl cotransporter (NKCC) is a transport protein that aids in the secondary active transport of sodium, potassium, and chloride into cells. In humans there are two isoforms of this membrane transport protein, NKCC1 and NKCC2, encoded by two different genes. Two isoforms of the NKCC1/Slc12a2 gene result from keeping or skipping exon 21 in the final gene product.

The sodium/phosphate cotransporter is a member of the phosphate:Na+ symporter (PNaS) family within the TOG Superfamily of transport proteins as specified in the Transporter Classification Database (TCDB).

Potassium-dependent sodium-calcium exchanger also known as solute carrier family 24 (SLC24) is a type of sodium-calcium exchanger that requires potassium to function.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sodium/glucose cotransporter 1</span>

Sodium/glucose cotransporter 1 (SGLT1) also known as solute carrier family 5 member 1 is a protein in humans that is encoded by the SLC5A1 gene which encodes the production of the SGLT1 protein to line the absorptive cells in the small intestine and the epithelial cells of the kidney tubules of the nephron for the purpose of glucose uptake into cells. Recently, it has been seen to have functions that can be considered as promising therapeutic target to treat diabetes and obesity. Through the use of the sodium glucose cotransporter 1 protein, cells are able to obtain glucose which is further utilized to make and store energy for the cell.

A neurotransmitter sodium symporter (NSS) (TC# 2.A.22) is type of neurotransmitter transporter that catalyzes the uptake of a variety of neurotransmitters, amino acids, osmolytes and related nitrogenous substances by a solute:Na+ symport mechanism. The NSS family is a member of the APC superfamily. Its constituents have been found in bacteria, archaea and eukaryotes.

An amino acid transporter is a membrane transport protein that transports amino acids. They are mainly of the solute carrier family.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">SLC13A3</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Solute carrier family 13 member 3 also called sodium-dependent dicarboxylate transporter (NaDC3) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SLC13A3 gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nucleoside transporter</span> Transport protein that transports nucleosides across cell membranes

Nucleoside transporters (NTs) are a group of membrane transport proteins which transport nucleoside substrates like adenosine across the membranes of cells and/or vesicles. There are two known types of nucleoside transporters, concentrative nucleoside transporters and equilibrative nucleoside transporters, as well as possibly a yet-unidentified vesicular transporter.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Zinc transporter ZIP10</span> Protein found in humans

Zinc transporter ZIP10, also known as solute carrier family 39 member 10, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SLC39A10 gene. ZIP10 belongs to a subfamily of proteins that show structural characteristics of zinc transporters, and have 14 members in the human genome: ZIP1, ZIP2, ZIP3, ZIP4, ZIP5, ZIP6, ZIP7, ZIP8, ZIP9, ZIP10, ZIP11, ZIP12, ZIP13 and ZIP14.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Monocarboxylate transporter 10</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Monocarboxylate transporter 10, also known as aromatic amino acid transporter 1 and T-type amino acid transporter 1 (TAT1) and solute carrier family 16 member 10 (SLC16A10), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SLC16A10 gene. SLC16A10 is a member of the solute carrier family.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">SLC12A8</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Solute carrier family 12 member 8 (SLC12A8), also known as cation-chloride cotransporter 9 (CCC9), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SLC12A8 gene.

This family of proteins are found both in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. In mammals, they are transmembrane proteins with functions in the liver and in the intestine. They are members of the solute carrier family of cotransporter genes which include SLC10A1 and SLC10A2.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Glucose-6-phosphate exchanger SLC37A2</span> Biological protein

Glucose-6-phosphate exchanger SLC37A2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SLC37A2 gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Monocarboxylate transporter 3</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Monocarboxylate transporter 3 (MCT3) also known as solute carrier family 16 member 8 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SLC16A8 gene. MCT is a proton-coupled monocarboxylate transporter. It catalyzes the rapid transport across the plasma membrane of many monocarboxylates such as lactate, pyruvate, branched-chain oxo acids derived from leucine, valine and isoleucine, and the ketone bodies acetoacetate, beta-hydroxybutyrate and acetate. It also functions as high-affinity pyruvate transporter.

The amino acid-polyamine-organocation (APC) superfamily is the second largest superfamily of secondary carrier proteins currently known, and it contains several Solute carriers. Originally, the APC superfamily consisted of subfamilies under the transporter classification number. This superfamily has since been expanded to include eighteen different families.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Glucose-6-phosphate exchanger SLC37A1</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Glucose-6-phosphate exchanger SLC37A1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SLC37A1 gene. SLC37A1 locates to the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and is a glucose 6-phosphate:inorganic phosphate antiporter, transporting glucose 6-phosphate from the cytoplasm into the lumen of the ER, while transporting phosphate in the opposite direction.

References

  1. ↑ Hediger MA, Romero MF, Peng JB, Rolfs A, Takanaga H, Bruford EA (February 2004). "The ABCs of solute carriers: physiological, pathological and therapeutic implications of human membrane transport proteinsIntroduction". Pflügers Archiv. 447 (5): 465–468. doi:10.1007/s00424-003-1192-y. PMID   14624363. S2CID   1866661.
  2. 1 2 Perland E, Fredriksson R (March 2017). "Classification Systems of Secondary Active Transporters". Trends in Pharmacological Sciences. 38 (3): 305–315. doi:10.1016/j.tips.2016.11.008. PMID   27939446.
  3. ↑ Höglund PJ, Nordström KJ, Schiöth HB, Fredriksson R (April 2011). "The solute carrier families have a remarkably long evolutionary history with the majority of the human families present before divergence of Bilaterian species". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 28 (4): 1531–1541. doi:10.1093/molbev/msq350. PMC   3058773 . PMID   21186191.
  4. ↑ Hediger MA, Clémençon B, Burrier RE, Bruford EA (2013). "The ABCs of membrane transporters in health and disease (SLC series): introduction". Molecular Aspects of Medicine. 34 (2–3): 95–107. doi:10.1016/j.mam.2012.12.009. PMC   3853582 . PMID   23506860.
  5. ↑ He L, Vasiliou K, Nebert DW (January 2009). "Analysis and update of the human solute carrier (SLC) gene superfamily". Human Genomics. 3 (2): 195–206. doi:10.1186/1479-7364-3-2-195. PMC   2752037 . PMID   19164095.
  6. ↑ "SLCtables". slc.bioparadigms.org. Retrieved 2018-03-07.
  7. ↑ Kanai Y, Hediger MA (February 2004). "The glutamate/neutral amino acid transporter family SLC1: molecular, physiological and pharmacological aspects". Pflügers Archiv. 447 (5): 469–479. doi:10.1007/s00424-003-1146-4. PMID   14530974. S2CID   21564906.
  8. ↑ Uldry M, Thorens B (February 2004). "The SLC2 family of facilitated hexose and polyol transporters". Pflügers Archiv. 447 (5): 480–489. doi:10.1007/s00424-003-1085-0. PMID   12750891. S2CID   25539725.
  9. ↑ Palacín M, Kanai Y (February 2004). "The ancillary proteins of HATs: SLC3 family of amino acid transporters". Pflügers Archiv. 447 (5): 490–494. doi:10.1007/s00424-003-1062-7. PMID   14770309. S2CID   25808108.
  10. ↑ Romero MF, Fulton CM, Boron WF (February 2004). "The SLC4 family of HCO 3 - transporters". Pflügers Archiv. 447 (5): 495–509. doi:10.1007/s00424-003-1180-2. PMID   14722772. S2CID   40609789.
  11. ↑ Wright EM, Turk E (February 2004). "The sodium/glucose cotransport family SLC5". Pflügers Archiv. 447 (5): 510–518. doi:10.1007/s00424-003-1063-6. PMID   12748858. S2CID   41985805.
  12. ↑ Chen NH, Reith ME, Quick MW (February 2004). "Synaptic uptake and beyond: the sodium- and chloride-dependent neurotransmitter transporter family SLC6". Pflügers Archiv. 447 (5): 519–531. doi:10.1007/s00424-003-1064-5. PMID   12719981. S2CID   34991320.
  13. ↑ Verrey F, Closs EI, Wagner CA, Palacin M, Endou H, Kanai Y (February 2004). "CATs and HATs: the SLC7 family of amino acid transporters" (PDF). Pflügers Archiv. 447 (5): 532–542. doi:10.1007/s00424-003-1086-z. PMID   14770310. S2CID   11670040.
  14. ↑ Quednau BD, Nicoll DA, Philipson KD (February 2004). "The sodium/calcium exchanger family-SLC8". Pflügers Archiv. 447 (5): 543–548. doi:10.1007/s00424-003-1065-4. PMID   12734757. S2CID   26502273.
  15. ↑ Orlowski J, Grinstein S (February 2004). "Diversity of the mammalian sodium/proton exchanger SLC9 gene family". Pflügers Archiv. 447 (5): 549–565. doi:10.1007/s00424-003-1110-3. PMID   12845533. S2CID   5691463.
  16. ↑ Hagenbuch B, Dawson P (February 2004). "The sodium bile salt cotransport family SLC10" (PDF). Pflügers Archiv. 447 (5): 566–570. doi:10.1007/s00424-003-1130-z. PMID   12851823. S2CID   35115446.
  17. ↑ Mackenzie B, Hediger MA (February 2004). "SLC11 family of H+-coupled metal-ion transporters NRAMP1 and DMT1". Pflügers Archiv. 447 (5): 571–579. doi:10.1007/s00424-003-1141-9. PMID   14530973. S2CID   7439663.
  18. ↑ Hebert SC, Mount DB, Gamba G (February 2004). "Molecular physiology of cation-coupled Cl- cotransport: the SLC12 family". Pflügers Archiv. 447 (5): 580–593. doi:10.1007/s00424-003-1066-3. PMID   12739168. S2CID   21998913.
  19. ↑ Markovich D, Murer H (February 2004). "The SLC13 gene family of sodium sulphate/carboxylate cotransporters". Pflügers Archiv. 447 (5): 594–602. doi:10.1007/s00424-003-1128-6. PMID   12915942. S2CID   7609066.
  20. ↑ Shayakul C, Hediger MA (February 2004). "The SLC14 gene family of urea transporters". Pflügers Archiv. 447 (5): 603–609. doi:10.1007/s00424-003-1124-x. PMID   12856182. S2CID   21071284.
  21. ↑ Daniel H, Kottra G (February 2004). "The proton oligopeptide cotransporter family SLC15 in physiology and pharmacology". Pflügers Archiv. 447 (5): 610–618. doi:10.1007/s00424-003-1101-4. PMID   12905028. S2CID   22369521.
  22. ↑ Halestrap AP, Meredith D (February 2004). "The SLC16 gene family-from monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs) to aromatic amino acid transporters and beyond". Pflügers Archiv. 447 (5): 619–628. doi:10.1007/s00424-003-1067-2. PMID   12739169. S2CID   15498611.
  23. ↑ Reimer RJ, Edwards RH (February 2004). "Organic anion transport is the primary function of the SLC17/type I phosphate transporter family". Pflügers Archiv. 447 (5): 629–635. doi:10.1007/s00424-003-1087-y. PMID   12811560. S2CID   9680597.
  24. ↑ Eiden LE, Schäfer MK, Weihe E, Schütz B (February 2004). "The vesicular amine transporter family (SLC18): amine/proton antiporters required for vesicular accumulation and regulated exocytotic secretion of monoamines and acetylcholine". Pflügers Archiv. 447 (5): 636–640. doi:10.1007/s00424-003-1100-5. PMID   12827358. S2CID   20764857.
  25. ↑ Ganapathy V, Smith SB, Prasad PD (February 2004). "SLC19: the folate/thiamine transporter family". Pflügers Archiv. 447 (5): 641–646. doi:10.1007/s00424-003-1068-1. PMID   14770311. S2CID   7410075.
  26. ↑ Collins JF, Bai L, Ghishan FK (February 2004). "The SLC20 family of proteins: dual functions as sodium-phosphate cotransporters and viral receptors". Pflügers Archiv. 447 (5): 647–652. doi:10.1007/s00424-003-1088-x. PMID   12759754. S2CID   7737512.
  27. ↑ Hagenbuch B, Meier PJ (February 2004). "Organic anion transporting polypeptides of the OATP/ SLC21 family: phylogenetic classification as OATP/ SLCO superfamily, new nomenclature and molecular/functional properties" (PDF). Pflügers Archiv. 447 (5): 653–665. doi:10.1007/s00424-003-1168-y. PMID   14579113. S2CID   21837213.
  28. ↑ Koepsell H, Endou H (February 2004). "The SLC22 drug transporter family". Pflügers Archiv. 447 (5): 666–676. doi:10.1007/s00424-003-1089-9. PMID   12883891. S2CID   30419152.
  29. ↑ Takanaga H, Mackenzie B, Hediger MA (February 2004). "Sodium-dependent ascorbic acid transporter family SLC23". Pflügers Archiv. 447 (5): 677–682. doi:10.1007/s00424-003-1104-1. PMID   12845532. S2CID   13018443.
  30. ↑ Schnetkamp PP (February 2004). "The SLC24 Na+/Ca2+-K+ exchanger family: vision and beyond". Pflügers Archiv. 447 (5): 683–688. doi:10.1007/s00424-003-1069-0. PMID   14770312. S2CID   37553960.
  31. ↑ Palmieri F (February 2004). "The mitochondrial transporter family (SLC25): physiological and pathological implications". Pflügers Archiv. 447 (5): 689–709. doi:10.1007/s00424-003-1099-7. PMID   14598172. S2CID   25304722.
  32. ↑ Mount DB, Romero MF (February 2004). "The SLC26 gene family of multifunctional anion exchangers". Pflügers Archiv. 447 (5): 710–721. doi:10.1007/s00424-003-1090-3. PMID   12759755. S2CID   20302398.
  33. ↑ Stahl A (February 2004). "A current review of fatty acid transport proteins (SLC27)". Pflügers Archiv. 447 (5): 722–727. doi:10.1007/s00424-003-1106-z. PMID   12856180. S2CID   2769738.
  34. ↑ Gray JH, Owen RP, Giacomini KM (February 2004). "The concentrative nucleoside transporter family, SLC28". Pflügers Archiv. 447 (5): 728–734. doi:10.1007/s00424-003-1107-y. PMID   12856181. S2CID   24749954.
  35. ↑ Baldwin SA, Beal PR, Yao SY, King AE, Cass CE, Young JD (February 2004). "The equilibrative nucleoside transporter family, SLC29". Pflügers Archiv. 447 (5): 735–743. doi:10.1007/s00424-003-1103-2. PMID   12838422. S2CID   8817821.
  36. ↑ Palmiter RD, Huang L (February 2004). "Efflux and compartmentalization of zinc by members of the SLC30 family of solute carriers". Pflügers Archiv. 447 (5): 744–751. doi:10.1007/s00424-003-1070-7. PMID   12748859. S2CID   725350.
  37. ↑ Petris MJ (February 2004). "The SLC31 (Ctr) copper transporter family". Pflügers Archiv. 447 (5): 752–755. doi:10.1007/s00424-003-1092-1. PMID   12827356. S2CID   23340930.
  38. ↑ Gasnier B (February 2004). "The SLC32 transporter, a key protein for the synaptic release of inhibitory amino acids". Pflügers Archiv. 447 (5): 756–759. doi:10.1007/s00424-003-1091-2. PMID   12750892. S2CID   24669893.
  39. ↑ Hirabayashi Y, Kanamori A, Nomura KH, Nomura K (February 2004). "The acetyl-CoA transporter family SLC33". Pflügers Archiv. 447 (5): 760–762. doi:10.1007/s00424-003-1071-6. PMID   12739170. S2CID   21247182.
  40. ↑ Murer H, Forster I, Biber J (February 2004). "The sodium phosphate cotransporter family SLC34" (PDF). Pflügers Archiv. 447 (5): 763–767. doi:10.1007/s00424-003-1072-5. PMID   12750889. S2CID   34041192.
  41. ↑ Ishida N, Kawakita M (February 2004). "Molecular physiology and pathology of the nucleotide sugar transporter family (SLC35)". Pflügers Archiv. 447 (5): 768–775. doi:10.1007/s00424-003-1093-0. PMID   12759756. S2CID   8690030.
  42. ↑ Boll M, Daniel H, Gasnier B (February 2004). "The SLC36 family: proton-coupled transporters for the absorption of selected amino acids from extracellular and intracellular proteolysis". Pflügers Archiv. 447 (5): 776–779. doi:10.1007/s00424-003-1073-4. PMID   12748860. S2CID   25655241.
  43. ↑ Bartoloni L, Antonarakis SE (February 2004). "The human sugar-phosphate/phosphate exchanger family SLC37". Pflügers Archiv. 447 (5): 780–783. doi:10.1007/s00424-003-1105-0. PMID   12811562. S2CID   24776306.
  44. ↑ Mackenzie B, Erickson JD (February 2004). "Sodium-coupled neutral amino acid (System N/A) transporters of the SLC38 gene family". Pflügers Archiv. 447 (5): 784–795. doi:10.1007/s00424-003-1117-9. PMID   12845534. S2CID   35457147.
  45. ↑ Eide DJ (February 2004). "The SLC39 family of metal ion transporters". Pflügers Archiv. 447 (5): 796–800. doi:10.1007/s00424-003-1074-3. PMID   12748861. S2CID   11765308.
  46. ↑ McKie AT, Barlow DJ (February 2004). "The SLC40 basolateral iron transporter family (IREG1/ferroportin/MTP1)". Pflügers Archiv. 447 (5): 801–806. doi:10.1007/s00424-003-1102-3. PMID   12836025. S2CID   27340247.
  47. ↑ Nakhoul NL, Hamm LL (February 2004). "Non-erythroid Rh glycoproteins: a putative new family of mammalian ammonium transporters". Pflügers Archiv. 447 (5): 807–812. doi:10.1007/s00424-003-1142-8. PMID   12920597. S2CID   24601165.
  48. ↑ Boron WF (December 2010). "Sharpey-Schafer lecture: gas channels". Experimental Physiology. 95 (12): 1107–1130. doi:10.1113/expphysiol.2010.055244. PMC   3003898 . PMID   20851859.
  49. 1 2 Perland E, Bagchi S, Klaesson A, Fredriksson R (September 2017). "Characteristics of 29 novel atypical solute carriers of major facilitator superfamily type: evolutionary conservation, predicted structure and neuronal co-expression". Open Biology. 7 (9): 170142. doi:10.1098/rsob.170142. PMC   5627054 . PMID   28878041.
  50. 1 2 Perland E, Hellsten SV, Lekholm E, Eriksson MM, Arapi V, Fredriksson R (February 2017). "The Novel Membrane-Bound Proteins MFSD1 and MFSD3 are Putative SLC Transporters Affected by Altered Nutrient Intake". Journal of Molecular Neuroscience. 61 (2): 199–214. doi:10.1007/s12031-016-0867-8. PMC   5321710 . PMID   27981419.
  51. 1 2 Perland E, Hellsten SV, Schweizer N, Arapi V, Rezayee F, Bushra M, Fredriksson R (2017). "Structural prediction of two novel human atypical SLC transporters, MFSD4A and MFSD9, and their neuroanatomical distribution in mice". PLOS ONE. 12 (10): e0186325. Bibcode:2017PLoSO..1286325P. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186325 . PMC   5648162 . PMID   29049335.
  52. 1 2 Perland E, Lekholm E, Eriksson MM, Bagchi S, Arapi V, Fredriksson R (2016). "The Putative SLC Transporters Mfsd5 and Mfsd11 Are Abundantly Expressed in the Mouse Brain and Have a Potential Role in Energy Homeostasis". PLOS ONE. 11 (6): e0156912. Bibcode:2016PLoSO..1156912P. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156912 . PMC   4896477 . PMID   27272503.
  53. 1 2 Lekholm E, Perland E, Eriksson MM, Hellsten SV, Lindberg FA, Rostami J, Fredriksson R (2017). "Putative Membrane-Bound Transporters MFSD14A and MFSD14B Are Neuronal and Affected by Nutrient Availability". Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience. 10: 11. doi: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00011 . PMC   5263138 . PMID   28179877.
  54. ↑ Ceder MM, Lekholm E, Hellsten SV, Perland E, Fredriksson R (2017). "The Neuronal and Peripheral Expressed Membrane-Bound UNC93A Respond to Nutrient Availability in Mice". Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience. 10: 351. doi: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00351 . PMC   5671512 . PMID   29163028.
  55. ↑ Ceder MM, Aggarwal T, Hosseini K, Maturi V, Patil S, Perland E, et al. (2020). "CG4928 Is Vital for Renal Function in Fruit Flies and Membrane Potential in Cells: A First In-Depth Characterization of the Putative Solute Carrier UNC93A". Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology. 8: 580291. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2020.580291 . PMC   7591606 . PMID   33163493.

SLC Tables. SLCtables

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