RHCG

RHCG
Available structures
PDB	Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB
List of PDB id codes
	3HD6
Identifiers
Aliases	RHCG , C15orf6, PDRC2, RHGK, SLC42A3, Rh family C glycoprotein
External IDs	OMIM: 605381 MGI: 1888517 HomoloGene: 32310 GeneCards: RHCG
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	Chromosome 15 (human)
End	89,496,589 bp
Gene location (Mouse)
Chr.	Chromosome 7 (mouse)
End	79,267,405 bp
RNA expression pattern
	Top expressed in
	oral cavity; ; body of tongue; ; cervix epithelium; ; gums; ; human penis; ; periodontal fiber; ; thymus; ; superior surface of tongue; ; vagina; ; kidney;
	Top expressed in
	kidney; ; spermatocyte; ; spermatid; ; seminiferous tubule; ; renal pelvis; ; medullary collecting duct; ; renal calyx; ; adrenal gland; ; morula; ; olfactory bulb;
	More reference expression data
	More reference expression data
Gene ontology
Molecular function	ankyrin binding ; ammonium transmembrane transporter activity ; identical protein binding ;
Cellular component	integral component of membrane ; membrane ; plasma membrane ; integral component of plasma membrane ; basolateral plasma membrane ; apical plasma membrane ; extracellular exosome ; cytoplasmic vesicle ;
Biological process	ammonium transmembrane transport ; epithelial cell differentiation ; amine transport ; organic cation transport ; transepithelial ammonium transport ; cellular ion homeostasis ; regulation of pH ; homeostatic process ; transport ;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
	51458
	56315
	ENSG00000140519
	ENSMUSG00000030549
	Q9UBD6
	Q9QXP0
	NM_016321 ; NM_001321041
	NM_019799
	NP_001307970 ; NP_057405
	NP_062773
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human	View/Edit Mouse

Last updated April 12, 2024

Rh family, C glycoprotein, also known as RHCG, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RHCG gene.^[5]^[6]

Function

RHCG plays a critical role in ammonium handling and pH homeostasis in the kidney.^[7] The structure of the RHCG protein^[8] indicates that it has a hydrophobic ammonia-conducting channel and shows that it shares a common fold with the ammonia transporters, thus making it an ammonia transporter.

Related Research Articles

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ammonia transporter</span>

Ammonia transporters are structurally related membrane transport proteins called Amt proteins in bacteria and plants, methylammonium/ammonium permeases (MEPs) in yeast, or Rhesus (Rh) proteins in chordates. In humans, the RhAG, RhBG, and RhCG Rhesus proteins constitute solute carrier family 42 whilst RhD and RhCE form the Rh blood group system. The three-dimensional structure of the ammonia transport protein AmtB from Escherichia coli has been determined by x-ray crystallography revealing a hydrophobic ammonia channel. The human RhCG ammonia transporter was found to have a similar ammonia-conducting channel structure. It was proposed that the erythrocyte Rh complex is a heterotrimer of RhAG, RhD, and RhCE subunits in which RhD and RhCE might play roles in anchoring the ammonia-conducting RhAG subunit to the cytoskeleton. Based on reconstitution experiments, purified RhCG subunits alone can function to transport ammonia. RhCG is required for normal acid excretion by the mouse kidney and epididymis.

References

1 2 3 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000140519 - Ensembl, May 2017
1 2 3 GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000030549 - Ensembl, May 2017
↑ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
↑ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
↑ "Entrez Gene: RHCG Rh family, C glycoprotein".
↑ Liu Z, Chen Y, Mo R, Hui C, Cheng JF, Mohandas N, Huang CH (August 2000). "Characterization of human RhCG and mouse Rhcg as novel nonerythroid Rh glycoprotein homologues predominantly expressed in kidney and testis". J. Biol. Chem. 275 (33): 25641–51. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M003353200 . PMID 10852913.
↑ Biver S, Belge H, Bourgeois S, Van Vooren P, Nowik M, Scohy S, Houillier P, Szpirer J, Szpirer C, Wagner CA, Devuyst O, Marini AM (November 2008). "A role for Rhesus factor Rhcg in renal ammonium excretion and male fertility". Nature. 456 (7220): 339–43. Bibcode:2008Natur.456..339B. doi:10.1038/nature07518. PMID 19020613. S2CID 205215412.
↑ PDB: 3hd6 ; Gruswitz F, Chaudhary S, Ho JD, Schlessinger A, Pezeshki B, Ho CM, Sali A, Westhoff CM, Stroud RM (May 2010). "Function of human Rh based on structure of RhCG at 2.1 A". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 107 (21): 9638–43. Bibcode:2010PNAS..107.9638G. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1003587107 . PMC 2906887 . PMID 20457942.

Bakouh N, Benjelloun F, Cherif-Zahar B, Planelles G (2006). "The challenge of understanding ammonium homeostasis and the role of the Rh glycoproteins". Transfusion Clinique et Biologique. 13 (1–2): 139–46. doi:10.1016/j.tracli.2006.02.008. PMID 16564724.
Zidi-Yahiaoui N, Ripoche P, Le Van Kim C, et al. (2006). "Ammonium transport properties of HEK293 cells expressing RhCG mutants: preliminary analysis of structure/function by site-directed mutagenesis". Transfusion Clinique et Biologique. 13 (1–2): 128–31. doi:10.1016/j.tracli.2006.02.025. PMID 16580862.
Ridgwell K, Spurr NK, Laguda B, et al. (1992). "Isolation of cDNA clones for a 50 kDa glycoprotein of the human erythrocyte membrane associated with Rh (rhesus) blood-group antigen expression". Biochem. J. 287 (1): 223–8. doi:10.1042/bj2870223. PMC 1133147 . PMID 1417776.
Liu Z, Chen Y, Mo R, et al. (2000). "Characterization of human RhCG and mouse Rhcg as novel nonerythroid Rh glycoprotein homologues predominantly expressed in kidney and testis". J. Biol. Chem. 275 (33): 25641–51. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M003353200 . PMID 10852913.
Marini AM, Matassi G, Raynal V, et al. (2000). "The human Rhesus-associated RhAG protein and a kidney homologue promote ammonium transport in yeast". Nat. Genet. 26 (3): 341–4. doi:10.1038/81656. PMID 11062476. S2CID 21313219.
Chen BS, Xu ZX, Xu X, et al. (2002). "RhCG is downregulated in oesophageal squamous cell carcinomas, but expressed in multiple squamous epithelia". Eur. J. Cancer. 38 (14): 1927–36. doi:10.1016/S0959-8049(02)00190-9. PMID 12204676.
Verlander JW, Miller RT, Frank AE, et al. (2003). "Localization of the ammonium transporter proteins RhBG and RhCG in mouse kidney". Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol. 284 (2): F323–37. doi:10.1152/ajprenal.00050.2002. PMID 12388412.
Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. Bibcode:2002PNAS...9916899M. doi: 10.1073/pnas.242603899 . PMC 139241 . PMID 12477932.
Nicolas V, Le Van Kim C, Gane P, et al. (2003). "Rh-RhAG/ankyrin-R, a new interaction site between the membrane bilayer and the red cell skeleton, is impaired by Rh(null)-associated mutation". J. Biol. Chem. 278 (28): 25526–33. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M302816200 . PMID 12719424.
Hemker MB, Cheroutre G, van Zwieten R, et al. (2003). "The Rh complex exports ammonium from human red blood cells". Br. J. Haematol. 122 (2): 333–40. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2141.2003.04425.x . PMID 12846905. S2CID 3094213.
Bakouh N, Benjelloun F, Hulin P, et al. (2004). "NH₃ is involved in the NH₄⁺ transport induced by the functional expression of the human Rh C glycoprotein". J. Biol. Chem. 279 (16): 15975–83. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M308528200 . PMID 14761968.
Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, et al. (2004). "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)". Genome Res. 14 (10B): 2121–7. doi:10.1101/gr.2596504. PMC 528928 . PMID 15489334.
Zidi-Yahiaoui N, Mouro-Chanteloup I, D'Ambrosio AM, et al. (2006). "Human Rhesus B and Rhesus C glycoproteins: properties of facilitated ammonium transport in recombinant kidney cells". Biochem. J. 391 (Pt 1): 33–40. doi:10.1042/BJ20050657. PMC 1237136 . PMID 15929723.
Huang CH, Peng J (2005). "Evolutionary conservation and diversification of Rh family genes and proteins". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 102 (43): 15512–7. Bibcode:2005PNAS..10215512H. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0507886102 . PMC 1266151 . PMID 16227429.
Marini AM, Boeckstaens M, Benjelloun F, et al. (2006). "Structural involvement in substrate recognition of an essential aspartate residue conserved in Mep/Amt and Rh-type ammonium transporters". Curr. Genet. 49 (6): 364–74. doi:10.1007/s00294-006-0062-5. PMID 16477434. S2CID 28636156.

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[refGRCh38Ensembl-1] 1 2 3 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000140519 - Ensembl, May 2017

[refGRCm38Ensembl-2] 1 2 3 GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000030549 - Ensembl, May 2017

[3] "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[4] "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[entrez-5] "Entrez Gene: RHCG Rh family, C glycoprotein".

[pmid10852913-6] Liu Z, Chen Y, Mo R, Hui C, Cheng JF, Mohandas N, Huang CH (August 2000). "Characterization of human RhCG and mouse Rhcg as novel nonerythroid Rh glycoprotein homologues predominantly expressed in kidney and testis". J. Biol. Chem. 275 (33): 25641–51. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M003353200 . PMID 10852913.

[pmid19020613-7] Biver S, Belge H, Bourgeois S, Van Vooren P, Nowik M, Scohy S, Houillier P, Szpirer J, Szpirer C, Wagner CA, Devuyst O, Marini AM (November 2008). "A role for Rhesus factor Rhcg in renal ammonium excretion and male fertility". Nature. 456 (7220): 339–43. Bibcode:2008Natur.456..339B. doi:10.1038/nature07518. PMID 19020613. S2CID 205215412.

[pmid20457942-8] PDB: 3hd6 ; Gruswitz F, Chaudhary S, Ho JD, Schlessinger A, Pezeshki B, Ho CM, Sali A, Westhoff CM, Stroud RM (May 2010). "Function of human Rh based on structure of RhCG at 2.1 A". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 107 (21): 9638–43. Bibcode:2010PNAS..107.9638G. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1003587107 . PMC 2906887 . PMID 20457942.

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RHCG

Contents

Function

Related Research Articles

References

Further reading