SLC22A3

Last updated
SLC22A3
Identifiers
Aliases SLC22A3 , EMT, EMTH, OCT3, solute carrier family 22 member 3
External IDs OMIM: 604842 MGI: 1333817 HomoloGene: 22630 GeneCards: SLC22A3
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez

6581

20519

Ensembl

ENSG00000146477

ENSMUSG00000023828

UniProt

O75751

Q9WTW5

RefSeq (mRNA)

NM_021977

NM_011395

RefSeq (protein)

NP_068812

NP_035525

Location (UCSC) Chr 6: 160.35 – 160.45 Mb Chr 17: 12.64 – 12.73 Mb
PubMed search [3] [4]
Wikidata
View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse

Solute carrier family 22 member 3 (SLC22A3) also known as the organic cation transporter 3 (OCT3) or extraneuronal monoamine transporter (EMT) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SLC22A3 gene. [5] [6] [7]

Contents

Polyspecific organic cation transporters in the liver, kidney, intestine, and other organs are critical for elimination of many endogenous small organic cations as well as a wide array of drugs and environmental toxins. This gene is one of three similar cation transporter genes located in a cluster on chromosome 6. The encoded protein contains twelve putative transmembrane domains and is a plasma integral membrane protein. [7]

Distribution

OCT3 is widely distributed in brain tissue. It is not yet completely clear whether its location is primarily neuronal or glial. Areas of the brain in which it has been reported include: hippocampus, retrosplenial cortex, visual cortex, hypothalamus, amygdala, nucleus accumbens, thalamus, raphe nucleus, subiculum, superior and inferior colliculi, and islands of Calleja. [8] [9]

Pharmacology

Organic cation transporter 3 is a polyspecific transporter whose transport is independent of sodium. Known substrates for transport include: histamine, serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine and MPP+. Capacity for transport and affinity for these substrates may vary between rat and human isoforms however. [9]

Transport activity of OCT3 is inhibited by recreational and pharmaceutical drugs, including MDMA, phencyclidine (PCP), MK-801, amphetamine, methamphetamine and cocaine. [9] Transport is also inhibited by the chemical decynium-22 and physiological concentrations of corticosterone and cortisol. Ki values for decynium-22 and corticosterone inhibition of OCT3 transport are respectively 10 and 100 times lower than Ki values of OCT1 and OCT2. [10] This effect of glucocorticoids is believed to explain the phenomenon of stress-induced relapse in recovering addicts, where dopamine transport inhibition causes reactivation of hypersensitive dopamine pathways involved in drug-seeking behavior and incentive salience.

See also

Related Research Articles

The solute carrier (SLC) group of membrane transport proteins include over 400 members organized into 66 families. Most members of the SLC group are located in the cell membrane. The SLC gene nomenclature system was originally proposed by the HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC) and is the basis for the official HGNC names of the genes that encode these transporters. A more general transmembrane transporter classification can be found in TCDB database.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Multidrug resistance-associated protein 2</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2) also called canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter 1 (cMOAT) or ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 2 (ABCC2) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ABCC2 gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">SLC22A4</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Solute carrier family 22, member 4, also known as SLC22A4, is a human gene; the encoded protein is known as the ergothioneine transporter.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">SLC22A2</span> Protein-coding gene

Solute carrier family 22 member 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SLC22A2 gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">SLC22A1</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Solute carrier family 22 member 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the gene SLC22A1.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Equilibrative nucleoside transporter 2</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Equilibrative nucleoside transporter 2 (ENT2) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SLC29A2 gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Concentrative nucleoside transporter 2</span> Protein found in humans

Concentrative nucleoside transporter 2 (CNT2) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SLC28A2 gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">SLC22A11</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Solute carrier family 22 member 11 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SLC22A11 gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sodium- and chloride-dependent glycine transporter 2</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Sodium- and chloride-dependent glycine transporter 2, also known as glycine transporter 2 (GlyT2), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SLC6A5 gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A2</span>

Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SLCO1A2 gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Multidrug and toxin extrusion protein 1</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Multidrug and toxin extrusion protein 1 (MATE1), also known as solute carrier family 47 member 1, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SLC47A1 gene. SLC47A1 belongs to the MATE family of transporters that are found in bacteria, archaea and eukaryotes.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 2B1</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 2B1 also known as organic anion-transporting polypeptide 2B1 (OATP2B1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the gene SLCO2B1.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">SLC22A7</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Solute carrier family 22 member 7 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the gene SLC22A7.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">SLC22A9</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Solute carrier family 22 member 9 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SLC22A9 gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 3A1</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 3A1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SLCO3A1 gene.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Plasma membrane monoamine transporter</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

The plasma membrane monoamine transporter (PMAT) is a low-affinity monoamine transporter protein which in humans is encoded by the SLC29A4 gene. It is known alternatively as the human equilibrative nucleoside transporter-4 (hENT4). It was discovered in 2004 and has been identified as a potential alternate target for treating various conditions.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Organic anion transporter 1</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

The organic anion transporter 1 (OAT1) also known as solute carrier family 22 member 6 (SLC22A6) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SLC22A6 gene. It is a member of the organic anion transporter (OAT) family of proteins. OAT1 is a transmembrane protein that is expressed in the brain, the placenta, the eyes, smooth muscles, and the basolateral membrane of proximal tubular cells of the kidneys. It plays a central role in renal organic anion transport. Along with OAT3, OAT1 mediates the uptake of a wide range of relatively small and hydrophilic organic anions from plasma into the cytoplasm of the proximal tubular cells of the kidneys. From there, these substrates are transported into the lumen of the nephrons of the kidneys for excretion. OAT1 homologs have been identified in rats, mice, rabbits, pigs, flounders, and nematodes.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Monocarboxylate transporter 10</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Monocarboxylate transporter 10, also known as aromatic amino acid transporter 1 and T-type amino acid transporter 1 (TAT1) and solute carrier family 16 member 10 (SLC16A10), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SLC16A10 gene. SLC16A10 is a member of the solute carrier family.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Decynium-22</span> Cationic derivative of quinoline

Decynium-22 is a cationic derivative of quinoline, and a potent inhibitor of the plasma membrane monoamine transporter (PMAT), as well as all members of the organic cation transporter (OCT) family in both human and rat cells. However, it has little effect on high affinity monoamine transporters such as the dopamine transporter and norepinephrine transporter.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">SLC22A13</span> Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

Solute carrier family 22 member 13 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SLC22A13 gene.

References

  1. 1 2 3 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000146477 - Ensembl, May 2017
  2. 1 2 3 GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000023828 - Ensembl, May 2017
  3. ↑ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  4. ↑ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  5. ↑ Kekuda R, Prasad PD, Wu X, Wang H, Fei YJ, Leibach FH, Ganapathy V (Aug 1998). "Cloning and functional characterization of a potential-sensitive, polyspecific organic cation transporter (OCT3) most abundantly expressed in placenta". J Biol Chem. 273 (26): 15971–15979. doi: 10.1074/jbc.273.26.15971 . PMID   9632645.
  6. ↑ Verhaagh S, Schweifer N, Barlow DP, Zwart R (Sep 1999). "Cloning of the mouse and human solute carrier 22a3 (Slc22a3/SLC22A3) identifies a conserved cluster of three organic cation transporters on mouse chromosome 17 and human 6q26-q27". Genomics. 55 (2): 209–218. doi:10.1006/geno.1998.5639. PMID   9933568.
  7. 1 2 "Entrez Gene: SLC22A3 solute carrier family 22 (extraneuronal monoamine transporter), member 3".
  8. ↑ Gasser PJ, Orchinik M, Raju I, Lowry CA (Feb 2009). "Distribution of organic cation transporter 3, a corticosterone-sensitive monoamine transporter, in the rat brain". J Comp Neurol. 512 (4): 529–555. doi:10.1002/cne.21921. PMID   19025979. S2CID   33389900.
  9. 1 2 3 Amphoux A, Vialou V, Drescher E, Brüss M, Mannoury La Cour C, Rochat C, Millan MJ, Giros B, Bönisch H, Gautron S (Jun 2006). "Differential pharmacological in vitro properties of organic cation transporters and regional distribution in rat brain". Neuropharmacology. 50 (8): 941–952. doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2006.01.005. PMID   16581093. S2CID   42204368.
  10. ↑ Hayer-Zillgen M, Brüss M, Bönisch H (Jul 2002). "Expression and pharmacological profile of the human organic cation transporters hOCT1, hOCT2 and hOCT3". Br J Pharmacol. 136 (6): 829–836. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0704785. PMC   1573414 . PMID   12110607.

Further reading

This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.

This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.