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| Aliases | TMEM104 , transmembrane protein 104 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| External IDs | MGI: 2444222 HomoloGene: 9802 GeneCards: TMEM104 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Wikidata | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Transmembrane protein 104 (TMEM104) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TMEM104 gene. [5] The aliases of TMEM104 are FLJ00021 and FLJ20255. [6] Humans have a 163,255 base pair long gene coding sequence, 4703 base pair long mRNA, and 496 amino acid long protein sequence. In Eukaryotes, the TMEM104 gene is conserved.
TMEM104 is located on human chromosome 17 at the locus 17q25.1. [6] TMEM104 is located between the genes NAT9 and GRIN2C. [6]
There are 7 main transcription variants: isoform 1, isoform 2, variant X1 - X5. TMEM104 is predicted to have a promoter region 150 base pairs upstream of the start of transcription. [7] The promoter region of Homo sapien TMEM104 compared to other organisms is very unconserved. It was hard to find anything outside of Mammalia species and most were found under Primates.
In most human tissues, TMEM104 has a modest expression level (25–50th percentile), relative to all human proteins, according to RNA-seq data.
The protein has been located primarily in the plasma membrane and less so found in nucleus. [8]
Thermofisher claims that it exhibits significant nuclear and cytoplasmic positivity in glandular cells. With the aid of a TMEM104 polyclonal antibody, the samples were probed.
TMEM104 variant 1 protein is 496 amino acids in length. [9] TMEM104 is a secreted protein that is overexpressed in Adrenal. [6] TMEM104 is a phenylalanine enriched and glutamine poor protein.
TMEM104 has an isoelectric point of 6.8 and a molecular weight of 55.7 kdaltons. [10] It is predicted to have between nine and eleven transmembrane domains, making it a transmembrane protein.
The post-translational modifications N-glycosylation, sulfonation, and phosphorylation are among those predicted for TMEM104.
TMEM104 has a tertiary structure with alpha helices and beta sheets.
TMEM104 has been shown to interact with CASKIN2, TMEM94, TOMM6, SYNGR3, SYTL5, B3GNT8, NTRK3, C15orf39, and PPSIG.
TMEM104 has no paralogs. TMEM protein is found mostly in Eukaryotes. [11]
The orthologs in the following table were discovered through BLAST [12] searches. Although by no means exhaustive, this list demonstrates the enormous variety of organisms that include TMEM104 orthologs.
| Seq # | TMEM104 Group | Genus, Species | Common Name | Taxonomic Group | Divergence Date (MYA) | Accession Number | Sequence Length (aa) | Sequence Identity (%) | Sequence Similarity (%) |
| 1 | MAMMALIA | Homo sapiens | Human | primates | 0 | NP_060198.3 | 496 | 100.00% | 100.00% |
| 2 | Mus musculus | Mouse | rodentia | 87 | NP_001028565.1 | 496 | 89.70% | 94.20% | |
| 3 | Camelus ferus | Wild Bactrian Camel | tylopoda | 94 | XP_006179513.1 | 496 | 95.20% | 98.40% | |
| 4 | Bos taurus | Cattle | ruminantia | 94 | XP_005221277.1 | 496 | 92.80% | 96.00% | |
| 5 | Panthera tigris | Tiger | felidae | 94 | XP_007091296.2 | 496 | 92.70% | 96.80% | |
| 6 | AVE | Dryobates pubescens | Downy Woodpecker | aves | 319 | XP_009901180.1 | 497 | 82.30% | 91.50% |
| 7 | Gavia stellata | Red-throated Loon | aves | 319 | XP_009820115.1 | 497 | 82.10% | 91.10% | |
| 8 | Gallus gallus | Chicken | aves | 319 | XP_046785426.1 | 498 | 81.90% | 90.40% | |
| 9 | Meleagris gallopavo | Wild Turkey | aves | 319 | XP_010719937.1 | 498 | 81.90% | 90.00% | |
| 10 | Opisthocomus hoazin | Hoatzin | aves | 319 | XP_009941209.1 | 497 | 81.70% | 90.70% | |
| 11 | REPTILIA | Trachemys scripta elegans | Turtle | reptilia | 319 | XP_034645854.1 | 497 | 79.90% | 89.10% |
| 12 | AMPHIBIAN | Rhinatrema bivittatum | Two-lined Caecilian | amphibian | 353 | XP_029456459.1 | 510 | 76.20% | 84.80% |
| 13 | Xenopus tropicalis | Frog | amphibian | 353 | NP_001016025.1 | 491 | 74.20% | 84.50% | |
| 14 | FISH | Megalops cyprinoides | Indo-Pacific Tarpon | actinoptergyii | 431 | XP_036408674.1 | 493 | 76.20% | 84.40% |
| 15 | Danio rerio | Zebrafish | actinoptergyii | 431 | XP_693756.3 | 493 | 44.10% | 60.20% | |
| 16 | Carcharodon carcharias | Great White Shark | chimaeriformes | 464 | XP_041073221.1 | 499 | 35.30% | 51.60% | |
| 17 | INVERTEBRATES | Branchiostoma floridae | Lancelet | cephalochordata | 556 | XP_035695481.1 | 531 | 73.80% | 82.50% |
| 18 | Caenorhabditis elegans | Roundworm | arthropoda | 694 | NP_509879.2 | 492 | 69.30% | 82.60% | |
| 19 | Drosophila melanogaster | Fruit Fly | arthropoda | 694 | NP_001262109.1 | 509 | 42.30% | 63.00% | |
| 20 | Anopheles gambiae | Mosquito | arthropoda | 694 | XP_320941.5 | 512 | 56.50% | 71.40% |
C11orf49 is a protein coding gene that in humans encodes for the C11orf49 protein. It is heavily expressed in brain tissue and peripheral blood mononuclear cells, with the latter being an important component of the immune system. It is predicted that the C11orf49 protein acts as a kinase, and has been shown to interact with HTT and APOE2.
Family with sequence similarity 63, member A is a protein that, is encoded by the FAM63A gene in humans,. It is located on the minus strand of chromosome 1 at locus 1q21.3.
PRR29 is a protein encoded by the PRR29 gene located in humans on chromosome 17 at 17q23.
Transmembrane and coiled-coil domains 4, TMCO4, is a protein in humans that is encoded by the TMCO4 gene. Currently, its function is not well defined. It is transmembrane protein that is predicted to cross the endoplasmic reticulum membrane three times. TMCO4 interacts with other proteins known to play a role in cancer development, hinting at a possible role in the disease of cancer.
Transmembrane protein 44 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TMEM44 gene.
TMEM44 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TMEM44 gene. DKFZp686O18124 is a synonym of TMEM44.
Cilia- and flagella-associated protein 299 (CFAP299), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CFAP299 gene. CFAP299 is predicted to play a role in spermatogenesis and cell apoptosis.
Chromosome 9 open reading frame 50 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the C9orf50 gene. C9orf50 has one other known alias, FLJ35803. In humans the gene coding sequence is 10,051 base pairs long, transcribing an mRNA of 1,624 bases that encodes a 431 amino acid protein.
Single-pass membrane and coiled-coil domain-containing protein 3 is a protein that is encoded in humans by the SMCO3 gene.
TMEM128, also known as Transmembrane Protein 128, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TMEM128 gene. TMEM128 has three variants, varying in 5' UTR's and start codon location. TMEM128 contains four transmembrane domains and is localized in the Endoplasmic Reticulum membrane. TMEM128 contains a variety of regulation at the gene, transcript, and protein level. While the function of TMEM128 is poorly understood, it interacts with several proteins associated with the cell cycle, signal transduction, and memory.
Uncharacterized protein C17orf78 is a protein encoded by the C17orf78 gene in humans. The name denotes the location of the parent gene, being at the 78th open reading frame, on the 17th human chromosome. The protein is highly expressed in the small intestine, especially the duodenum. The function of C17orf78 is not well defined.
C12orf24 is a gene in humans that encodes a protein known as FAM216A. This gene is primarily expressed in the testis and brain, but has constitutive expression in 25 other tissues. FAM216A is an intracellular protein that has been predicted to reside within the nucleus of cells. The exact function of C12orf24 is unknown. FAM216A is highly expressed in Sertoli cells of the testis as well as different stage spermatids.
Leucine rich single-pass membrane protein 2 is a single-pass membrane protein rich in leucine, that in humans is encoded by the LSMEM2 gene. The LSMEM2 protein is conserved in mammals, birds, and reptiles. In humans, LSMEM2 is found to be highly expressed in the heart, skeletal muscle and tongue.
Transmembrane protein 221 (TMEM221) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TMEM221 gene. The function of TMEM221 is currently not well understood.
TMEM275 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TMEM275 gene. TMEM275 has two, highly-conserved, helical trans-membrane regions. It is predicted to reside within the plasma membrane or the endoplasmic reticulum's membrane.
The FAM214B, also known as protein family with sequence similarity 214, B (FAM214B) is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the FAM214B gene located on the human chromosome 9. The protein has 538 amino acids. The gene contain 9 exon. There has been studies that there are low expression of this gene in patients with major depression disorder. In most organisms such as mammals, amphibians, reptiles, and birds, there are high levels of gene expression in the bone marrow and blood. For humans in fetal development, FAM214B is mostly expressed in the brains and bone marrow.
Family with sequence 98, member C or FAM98C is a gene that encodes for FAM98C has two aliases FLJ44669 and hypothetical protein LOC147965. FAM98C has two paralogs in humans FAM98A and FAM98B. FAM98C can be characterized for being a Leucine-rich protein. The function of FAM98C is still not defined. FAM98C has orthologs in mammals, reptiles, and amphibians and has a distant orhtologs in Rhinatrema bivittatum and Nanorana parkeri.
Coiled-Coil Domain Containing 190, also known as C1orf110, the Chromosome 1 Open Reading Frame 110, MGC48998 and CCDC190, is found to be a protein coding gene widely expressed in vertebrates. RNA-seq gene expression profile shows that this gene selectively expressed in different organs of human body like lung brain and heart. The expression product of c1orf110 is often called Coiled-coil domain-containing protein 190 with a size of 302 aa. It may get the name because a coiled-coil domain is found from position 14 to 72. At least 6 spliced variants of its mRNA and 3 isoforms of this protein can be identified, which is caused by alternative splicing in human.
Transmembrane protein 212 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TMEM212 gene. The protein consists of 5 transmembrane domains and localizes in the plasma membrane and endoplasmic reticulum. TMEM212 has orthologs in vertebrates but not invertebrates. TMEM212 has been associated with sporadic Parkinson's disease, facial processing, and adiposity in African Americans.
Chromosome 5 open reading frame 22 (c5orf22) is a protein-coding gene of poorly characterized function in Homo sapiens. The primary alias is unknown protein family 0489 (UPF0489).
