| C15orf39 | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 Chromosome 15 | |||||||
| Identifiers | |||||||
| Symbol | C15orf39 | ||||||
| NCBI gene | 56905 | ||||||
| HGNC | 24497 | ||||||
| RefSeq | NP_056307.2 | ||||||
| UniProt | Q6ZRI6 | ||||||
| |||||||
C15orf39 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the Chromosome 15 open reading frame 15 (C15orf39) gene.
| C15orf39 | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chromosome 15 | |||||||
| Identifiers | |||||||
| Symbol | C15orf39 | ||||||
| NCBI gene | 56905 | ||||||
| HGNC | 24497 | ||||||
| RefSeq | NP_056307.2 | ||||||
| UniProt | Q6ZRI6 | ||||||
| |||||||
C15orf39 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the Chromosome 15 open reading frame 15 (C15orf39) gene.
C15orf39 is located on chromosome 15 (15q24.2), spanning 16.53kb from 75487985 to 75504515 on the plus DNA strand. [1] C15orf39 has three exons, and seven introns. [1] [2]
The coding sequence for the C15orf39 mRNA is 4443 base pairs long. [4] The C15orf39 gene produces seven mRNA transcripts, with the longest coding isoform being 1047 amino acids long, and the shortest being 27 amino acids which has a truncated 3' end. [5]
C15orf39 is highly expressed in the trigeminal ganglion, superior cervical ganglion, whole blood, and the heart. Low expression levels of C15orf39 were found in the occipital lobe and PB-CD19+ B-cells. [6]
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C15orf39 expression levels in fetal and adult reticulocytes showed significantly different levels of expression (P < 0.0001), with adult reticulocytes expressing more C15orf39 than fetal cells. [7]
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C15orf39 has an unmodified molecular mass of 110.6 kDA. [2] [8] The modified molecular mass is 110.7 kDA. [9] C15orf39 is composed of an above average level of proline (≈17%), and is deficient in isoleucine (≈1%) and asparagine (≈1%). [10] Both close (Thirteen-lined ground squirrel) and distant (Crested-Ibis) orthologs contained above average levels of proline, and low levels of isoleucine, and asparagine.
C15orf39 has four predicted domains. Two of which, are the proline rich and alanine rich domains. The large tegument protein UL36 domain is important in the regulation of the viral cycle of Human Herpes Virus 1 (HHV-1), including transporting the viral capsid to the nuclear pore complex, and linking the inner and outer viral tegument capsids together. [11] Lastly, the WH2 domain, WASP-homology domain 2, is approximately 18 amino acids long, and serves as an actin binding domain. [12] WH2 binds actin monomers enabling the production of actin filaments.
The predicted post-translational modifications for C15orf39 include phosphorylation, acetylation, sumoylation, and o-glycosylation. An amino acid of importance is K17, which has an acetyl and sumo-group covalently attached. [2] [13] Also, T970, which is phosphorylated and has an o-glycosyl group attached. [14] [15] All predicted post-translational modifications were conserved in distant and strict orthologs.
| PTM | Amino Acid Location |
| Phosphorylation [14] | S208, S322, S467, S496, S497, T970 |
| Acetylation [2] | K17 |
| Sumoylation [13] | K17, K57, K154, K358, K569, K975 |
| Sumoylation Interaction [13] | 462-466 |
| O-Glycosylation [15] | S497, T970 |
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Alpha helices predicted in the C15orf39 protein are colored red, and random coils are represented as tan. No beta sheets were predicted to be part of the secondary structure for C15orf39. The amino acids not modeled were predicted to be random coils. [16]
C15orf39 is predicted to be located in the cytosol of the cell. [18]
Protein interaction screenings have showed C15orf39 to interact with many proteins, including RPLP1 and EIF4ENIF1. C15orf39 was discovered to interact with RPLP1 (Large Ribosomal Subunit Protein P1), a cytoplasmic protein, in a high-output yeast two-hybrid screening. RPLP1 is an acidic ribosomal subunit that is important in the elongation step of transcription. [19] [20] EIF4ENIF1 (Eukaryotic Translation Initiation Factor 4E Transporter), is a nucleocytoplasmic protein that shuttles the translation initiation factor eIF4E between the nucleus and cytoplasm. [21] The protein interaction between C15orf39 and EIF4ENIF1 was discovered through affinity capture. [22]
There are no known paralogs for the human C15orf39 gene. [23]
The ortholog space for C15orf39 includes relatives as distant as the cartilaginous fish like Rhincodon typus (whale shark), and as strict as closely related mammals like the Gorilla, which has 99% sequence identity to the human protein. [24] [25] The phylogenetic tree below, shows the evolutionary relationship of the C15orf39 protein sequence in its orthologs. [26]
| Scientific Name | Common Name | MYA | Protein Accession # | Length (AA) | % Identity |
| Homo sapiens | Human | 0 | NP_056307 | 1,047 | 100 |
| Gorilla gorilla gorilla | Gorilla | 9.06 | XP_004056588.1 | 1,047 | 99 |
| Ictidomys tridecemlineatus | Thirteen-lined ground squirrel | 90 | XP_005316869.1 | 1,032 | 80 |
| Equus caballus | Horse | 96 | XP_023509136.1 | 1,033 | 79 |
| Delphinapterus leucas | Beluga Whale | 96 | XP_022435768.1 | 1,041 | 78 |
| Loxodonta africana | African Bush Elephant | 105 | XP_003413993.1 | 1,072 | 75 |
| Omithorhynchus anatinus | Platypus | 177 | XP_007656779.1 | 1,119 | 37 |
| Gekko japonicus | Gekko Japonicus | 312 | XP_015267003.1 | 1,387 | 51 |
| Nipponia Nippon | Crested Ibis | 312 | XP_009468021.1 | 1,046 | 32 |
| Xenopus laevis | African Clawed Frog | 352 | XP_018111022.1 | 1,475 | 40 |
| Rhincodon typus | Whale Shark | 473 | XP_020392571.1 | 1,491 | 31 |
The graph displays that the C15orf39 protein is quickly evolving. C15orf39's sequence has diverged at a quicker rate than the quickly evolving fibrinogen protein in humans. [27]
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C8orf48 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the C8orf48 gene. C8orf48 is a nuclear protein specifically predicted to be located in the nuclear lamina. C8orf48 has been found to interact with proteins that are involved in the regulation of various cellular responses like gene expression, protein secretion, cell proliferation, and inflammatory responses. This protein has been linked to breast cancer and papillary thyroid carcinoma.
TMEM156 is a gene that encodes the transmembrane protein 156 (TMEM156) in Homo sapiens. It has the clone name of FLJ23235.
Chromosome 10 open reading frame 67 (C10orf67), also known as C10orf115, LINC01552, and BA215C7.4, is an un-characterized human protein-coding gene. Several studies indicate a possible link between genetic polymorphisms of this and several other genes to chronic inflammatory barrier diseases such as Crohn's Disease and sarcoidosis.
Uncharacterized protein Chromosome 16 Open Reading Frame 71 is a protein in humans, encoded by the C16orf71 gene. The gene is expressed in epithelial tissue of the respiratory system, adipose tissue, and the testes. Predicted associated biological processes of the gene include regulation of the cell cycle, cell proliferation, apoptosis, and cell differentiation in those tissue types. 1357 bp of the gene are antisense to spliced genes ZNF500 and ANKS3, indicating the possibility of regulated alternate expression.
Cardiac-enriched FHL2-interacting protein (CEFIP) is a protein encoded by the gene C10orf71 on chromosome 10 open reading frame 71. It is primarily understood that this gene is moderately expressed in muscle tissue and cardiac tissue.
Chromosome 6 open reading frame 62 (C6orf62), also known as X-trans-activated protein 12 (XTP12), is a gene that encodes a protein of the same name. The encoded protein is predicted to have a subcellular location within the cytosol.
C17orf53 is a gene in humans that encodes a protein known as C17orf53, uncharacterized protein C17orf53. It has been shown to target the nucleus, with minor localization in the cytoplasm. Based on current findings C17orf53 is predicted to perform functions of transport, however further research into the protein could provide more specific evidence regarding its function.
Chromosome 16 open reading frame 46 is a protein of yet to be determined function in Homo sapiens. It is encoded by the C16orf46 gene with NCBI accession number of NM_001100873. It is a protein-coding gene with an overlapping locus.
Chromosome 19 open reading frame 44 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the C19orf44 gene. C19orf44 is an uncharacterized protein with an unknown function in humans. C19orf44 is non-limiting implying that the protein exists in other species besides human. The protein contains one domain of unknown function (DUF) that is highly conserved throughout its orthologs. This protein is most highly expressed in the testis and ovary, but also has significant expression in the thyroid and parathyroid. Other names for this protein include: LOC84167.
c7orf26 is a gene in humans that encodes a protein known as c7orf26. Based on properties of c7orf26 and its conservation over a long period of time, its suggested function is targeted for the cytoplasm and it is predicted to play a role in regulating transcription.
Chromosome 1 open reading frame (C1orf167) is a protein which in humans is encoded by the C1orf167 gene. The NCBI accession number is NP_001010881. The protein is 1468 amino acids in length with a molecular weight of 162.42 kDa. The mRNA sequence was found to be 4689 base pairs in length.
C16orf90 or chromosome 16 open reading frame 90 produces uncharacterized protein C16orf90 in homo sapiens. C16orf90's protein has four predicted alpha-helix domains and is mildly expressed in the testes and lowly expressed throughout the body. While the function of C16orf90 is not yet well understood by the scientific community, it has suspected involvement in the biological stress response and apoptosis based on expression data from microarrays and post-translational modification data.
Uncharacterized protein C17orf78 is a protein encoded by the C17orf78 gene in humans. The name denotes the location of the parent gene, being at the 78th open reading frame, on the 17th human chromosome. The protein is highly expressed in the small intestine, especially the duodenum. The function of C17orf78 is not well defined.
Chromosome 1 Opening Reading Frame 94 or C1orf94 is a protein in human coded by the C1orf94 gene. The function of this protein is still poorly understood.
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Chromosome 12 Open Reading Frame 50 (C12orf50) is a protein-encoding gene which in humans encodes for the C12orf50 protein. The accession id for this gene is NM_152589. The location of C12orf50 is 12q21.32. It covers 55.42 kb, from 88429231 to 88373811, on the reverse strand. Some of the neighboring genes to C12orf50 are RPS4XP15, LOC107984542, and C12orf29. RPS4XP15 is upstream C12orf50 and is on the same strand. LOC107984542 and C12orf29 are both downstream. LOC107984542 is on the opposite strand while C12orf29 is on the same strand. C12orf50 has six isoforms. This page is focusing on isoform X1. C12orf50 isoform X1 is 1711 nucleotides long and has a protein with a length of 414 aa.
Chromosome 20 open reading frame 85, or most commonly known as C20orf85 is a gene that encodes for the C20orf85 Protein. This gene is not yet well understood by the scientific community.
Chromosome 5 Open Reading Frame 47, or C5ORF47, is a protein which, in humans, is encoded by the C5ORF47 gene. It also goes by the alias LOC133491. The human C5ORF47 gene is primarily expressed in the testis.
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