Augustine Ryther (died 1593) [1] was an English engraver and translator. He engraved some of Christopher Saxton's maps of English counties. He also made scientific instruments. [1]
Christopher Saxton was an English cartographer who produced the first county maps of England and Wales.
Ryther was associated with engraving maps of the counties of England published by Saxton in 1579. His name appears as the engraver of the maps of County Durham and Westmoreland (1576), Gloucester and York (1577), and that of the whole of England, signed ‘Augustinus Ryther Anglus Sculpsit Ano Dñi 1579.’ His name appears in 1588 with those of Jodocus Hondius, Theodore de Bry, and others, among the engravers of the charts to The Mariner's Mirrour by Sir Anthony Ashley. [2] [3]
County Durham is a county in North East England. The county town is Durham, a cathedral city. The largest settlement is Darlington, closely followed by Hartlepool, Billingham and Stockton-on-Tees. It borders Tyne and Wear to the north east, Northumberland to the north, Cumbria to the west and North Yorkshire to the south. The county's historic boundaries stretch between the rivers Tyne and Tees, thus including places such as Gateshead, Jarrow, South Shields and Sunderland.
Westmorland is a historic county in north west England. It formed an administrative county between 1889 and 1974, after which the whole county was administered by the new administrative county of Cumbria. In 2013, the Secretary of State for Communities and Local Government, Eric Pickles, formally recognised and acknowledged the continued existence of England's 39 historic counties, including Westmorland.
Jodocus Hondius was a Flemish engraver and cartographer. He is sometimes called Jodocus Hondius the Elder to distinguish him from his son Jodocus Hondius II. Hondius is best known for his early maps of the New World and Europe, for re-establishing the reputation of the work of Gerard Mercator, and for his portraits of Francis Drake. One of the notable figures in the Golden Age of Dutch/Netherlandish cartography, he helped establish Amsterdam as the center of cartography in Europe in the 17th century.
In 1590 Ryther published a translation [4] of Petruccio Ubaldini's Expeditionis Hispaniorum in Angliam vera Descriptio. The book was printed by A. Hatfield. This work is dedicated by Ryther to Lord Howard of Effingham, and in the dedication he apologises for the two years' delay in its publication. The plates consist of a title and ten charts, showing the various stages of the progress and defeat of the Spanish Armada in the English Channel, and tracing its further course round the British Isles. They were drawn apparently by Robert Adams, surveyor of the queen's buildings, and form a major record of the Armada. It is probable that Ryther's charts, or Adams's original drawings, were the basis for tapestries of the Spanish Armada, executed by Hendrik Cornelisz Vroom in Holland, and formerly in the House of Lords. Reduced copies of Ryther's charts were published by John Pine in his work on the Armada tapestries. The tables were published by Ryther separately. [3]
Petruccio Ubaldini (ca.1524–ca.1600) was an Italian (Tuscan) mercenary soldier for Henry VIII (1545–47) and in Edward VI's Scottish war (1549) a calligraphist and illuminator on vellum, who was working in England in the reign of Queen Elizabeth, and seems to have enjoyed the favor of the Court. One of his illuminated books, presented by him to Elizabeth, is in the Bodleian Library, and Walpole gives a list of other works, formerly in the King's Library, and now, most of them, in the British Museum. He was also an author and dedicated his Description of Scotland and the Islands to Sir Christopher Hatton.
Charles Howard, 1st Earl of Nottingham, 2nd Baron Howard of Effingham, known as Howard of Effingham, was an English statesman and Lord High Admiral under Elizabeth I and James I. He was commander of the English forces during the battles against the Spanish Armada and was chiefly responsible after Francis Drake for the victory that saved England from invasion by the Spanish Empire.
The Spanish Armada was a Habsburg Spanish fleet of 130 ships that sailed from Corunna in late May 1588, under the command of the Duke of Medina Sidonia, with the purpose of escorting an army from Flanders to invade England. Medina Sidonia was an aristocrat without naval command experience but was made commander by King Philip II. The aim was to overthrow Queen Elizabeth I and her establishment of Protestantism in England, to stop English interference in the Spanish Netherlands and to stop the harm caused by English and Dutch privateering ships that interfered with Spanish interests in the Americas.
Ryther also collaborated with Thomas Hood. [5]
Sir Richard Whitbourne was an English colonist, mariner and author.
Robert Adams (1540–1595) was a 16th-century English architect, engraver and surveyor of buildings to Queen Elizabeth. He was a son of Clement Adams.
John Kirby (1690–1753) was an English land surveyor and topographer. His book The Suffolk Traveller, first published in 1735, was the first single county road-book.
Thomas Hood (1556–1620) was an English mathematician and physician, the first lecturer in mathematics appointed in England, a few years before the founding of Gresham College. He publicized the Copernican theory, and discussed the nova SN 1572.. He also innovated in the design of mathematical and astronomical instruments.
Clement Adams was an English schoolmaster and author, noted for producing an engraving of Sebastian Cabot's map of the world, sometime after 1544.
John Adams was an English barrister best known as a cartographer responsible for an elaborate map of England and Wales.
Vetusta Monumenta is the title of a published series of illustrated antiquarian papers on ancient buildings, sites, and artefacts, mostly those of Britain, published at irregular intervals between 1718 and 1906 by the Society of Antiquaries of London. The folio sized papers, usually written by members of the society, were first published individually, and then later in collected volumes.
James C. Allen, was an English line-engraver from London.
Thomas Bowen was an English engraver of charts. He was the son of Emanuel Bowen (1693/4–1767), map engraver to George II and Louis XV.
Benjamin Donn or Donne (1729–1798) was an English mathematician.
Simon Gribelin (1661-1733) was a French line engraver.
Joseph John Skelton (1783–1871) was an English engraver.
Daniel Fournier was an English engraver and draughtsman.
John Pine (1690–1756) was an English designer, engraver, and cartographer notable for his artistic contribution to the Augustan style and Newtonian scientific paradigm that flourished during the British Enlightenment.
Silvester Harding was an English artist and publisher.
Hugh Lloyd (1546–1601) was a Welsh headmaster of Winchester College.
Thomas Braddock or Bradock (c1556–1607) was an Anglican clergyman of the 16th century, Headmaster of Reading School from 1588 to 1589 and a translator into Latin.
The public domain consists of all the creative work to which no exclusive intellectual property rights apply. Those rights may have expired, been forfeited, expressly waived, or may be inapplicable.
The Dictionary of National Biography (DNB) is a standard work of reference on notable figures from British history, published since 1885. The updated Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (ODNB) was published on 23 September 2004 in 60 volumes and online, with 50,113 biographical articles covering 54,922 lives.