The family Aplodontiidae also known as Aplodontidae, Haplodontiidae or Haploodontini is traditionally classified as the sole extant family of the suborder Protrogomorpha. It may be the sister family of the Sciuridae. There are fossils from the Oligocene until Miocene in Asia, from Oligocene in Europe and from the Oligocene until the present in North America, where there is the only living species: the mountain beaver.
Sciurognathi is a suborder of rodents that includes squirrels, chipmunks, beavers, and many types of mice. The group is characterized by a specific shape to the lower jaw. In sciurognaths, the angular process of the jaw is in the same plane as the root of the incisors. This is in contrast to the suborder Hystricognathi where the angular process is outside the plane formed at the root of the incisor due to the presence of a shelf for muscle attachment.
Embrithopoda ("heavy-footed") is an order of extinct mammals known from Asia, Africa and Eastern Europe. Most of the embrithopod genera are known exclusively from jaws and teeth dated from the late Paleocene to the late Eocene; however, the order is best known from its terminal member, the elephantine Arsinoitherium.
Hystricomorpha is a term referring to families and orders of rodents which has had many definitions throughout its history. In the broadest sense, it refers to any rodent with a hystricomorphous zygomasseteric system. This includes the Hystricognathi, Ctenodactylidae, Anomaluridae, and Pedetidae. Molecular and morphological results suggest the inclusion of the Anomaluridae and Pedetidae in Hystricomorpha may be suspect. Based on Carleton & Musser 2005, these two families are discussed here as representing a distinct suborder Anomaluromorpha.
Pseudoltinomys is a prehistoric rodent that lived approximately 30 million years ago, during the Oligocene epoch. It outwardly resembles a gerbil, but may have been related to kangaroo rats or may represent an early offshoot of rodents with no modern relatives.
Diatomyidae is a family of hystricomorph rodents. It is represented by a single living species, Laonastes aenigmamus, native to Laos in Southeast Asia. Fossil species are known from the Oligocene and Miocene of Asia and eastern Europe.
Palaeotheriidae is an extinct family of herbivorous perissodactyl mammals that inhabited Europe, with less abundant remains also known from Asia, from the mid-Eocene to the early Oligocene. They are classified in Equoidea, along with the living family Equidae.
Witwatia is an extinct genus of giant bat that contained two species which lived in the Al Fayyum in Egypt during the late Eocene and one species which lived in Tunisia during the early Eocene. It is known from a lower jaw and teeth. Three species have been named: the type species W. schlosseri, W. eremicus and W. sigei.
Quercygale is an extinct genus of placental mammals from the clade Carnivoraformes, that lived in Europe during the early to late Eocene.
Corbarimys cezannei, formerly Pseudoparamys cezannei, is a species of extinct rodent in family Ischyromyidae. It is named after French Post-Impressionist painter Paul Cézanne.
This paleomammalogy list records new fossil mammal taxa that were described during the year 2012, as well as notes other significant paleomammalogy discoveries and events which occurred during that year.
Philisidae is an extinct family of bats of the suborder Microchiroptera that lived between the Eocene to the Late Miocene in the continent of Africa.
The Lignites de Soissonais is a geologic formation in the Var, Marne departments of France. It preserves fossils dating back to the Ypresian stage of the Eocene period.
The Quercy Phosphorites Formation is a geologic formation and lagerstätte in Occitanie, southern France. It preserves fossils dated to the Paleogene period, or MP16 to MP28 zones of the European land mammal age classification, ranging from approximately 38 to 25 Ma.
Necromantis is an extinct genus of bat that lived during the Eocene. Its fossils are found in the Quercy Phosphorites Formation of France and the Djebel Chambi in Tunisia. Specimens of Necromantis are notable for their large size and specialization towards a predatory lifestyle.
Dichodon is an extinct genus of Palaeogene artiodactyls belonging to the family Xiphodontidae. It was endemic to Western Europe and lived from the middle Eocene up to the earliest Oligocene. The genus was first erected by the British naturalist Richard Owen in 1848 based on dental remains from the fossil beds in Hordle, England. He noticed similar dentitions to contemporary artiodactyls like those of the Anoplotheriidae and Dichobunidae and references the name of the genus Dichobune. Eventually, it was found to be more closely related to Xiphodon and now includes 11 species, although one of them may be synonymous.
Haplomeryx is an extinct genus of Palaeogene artiodactyls belonging to the family Xiphodontidae. It was endemic to Western Europe and lived from the middle Eocene up to the earliest Oligocene. Haplomeryx was first established as a genus by the German naturalist Max Schlosser in 1886 based on a molar tooth set from Quercy Phosphorites deposits. Three additional species were erected and classified to the xiphodontid genus while one other species, first recognized in 1822, was tentatively classified to it and remains unresolved in affinity.
Reinomys is an extinct genus of Palaeogene rodents of unclear affinities belonging to the infraorder Theridomorpha. The genus and its only known species Reinomys rhomboides were both named by the French palaeontologists Monique Vianey-Liaud and Laurent Marivaux in 2021 based on some lower molars from the French locality of Avenay that dates back to the later early Eocene. It is diagnosed as being similar in size to another basal rodent Sparnacomys but differing based on specific traits of the tooth surfaces and cusps.
Burgia is an extinct genus of Palaeogene rodents belonging to the family Theridomyidae. It is more specifically classified to the subfamily Patriotheridomyinae and contains one species Burgia marandati. The type and only species was originally classified to another genus name Bernardia by Monique Vianey-Liaud in 1991 before the genus name usage was rendered invalid due to it being preoccupied by a scale insect in 1891. Burgia marandati is known from a holotype consisting of a lower molar from the French locality of Lavergne that dates to the middle Eocene. The genus is named after the Bach mayor Pierre Burg, who assisted palaeontologists in their research locally.
Idicia is an extinct genus of Palaeogene rodents belonging to the family Theridomyidae. The genus and its sole species Idicia vidalenci were both named by Monique Vianey-Liaud et al. in 2024 based on some holotype dentition from the French locality of Lavergne, dating to the middle Eocene. It was named in honor of Dominique Vidalenc, who discovered the holotype material. It is diagnosed as being a medium-sized and brachyodont (low-crowned) theridomyid with various specific morphologies of its cuspids. A wide range of other faunas were recovered form Lavergne along with Idicia such as the herpetotheriid Peratherium, nyctithere Saturninia, omomyid Necrolemur, carnivoraforme Quercygale, tapirulid Tapirulus, and the palaeothere Palaeotherium.
