Cimolodonta is a clade of multituberculate mammals that lived from the Cretaceous to the Eocene. They probably lived something of a rodent-like existence until their ecological niche was assumed by true rodents. The more basal multituberculates are found in a different suborder, "Plagiaulacida", a paraphyletic group containing all non cimolodontan multituberculates.
Neoplagiaulax is a mammal genus from the Paleocene of Europe and North America. In the case of the latter continent, there may possibly be some slightly earlier, Upper Cretaceous material too. It existed in the age immediately following the extinction of the last dinosaurs. This animal was a member of the extinct order Multituberculata, lying within the suborder Cimolodonta and family Neoplagiaulacidae.
Cernaysia is an extinct genus of mammal from the Paleocene of France and the United States. It existed in the age immediately following the extinction of the last dinosaurs. This animal was a member of the extinct order Multituberculata within the suborder Cimolodonta and family Neoplagiaulacidae.
The family Aplodontiidae also known as Aplodontidae, Haplodontiidae or Haploodontini is traditionally classified as the sole extant family of the suborder Protrogomorpha. It may be the sister family of the Sciuridae. There are fossils from the Oligocene until Miocene in Asia, from Oligocene in Europe and from the Oligocene until the present in North America, where there is the only living species: the mountain beaver.
Sciurognathi is a suborder of rodents that includes squirrels, chipmunks, beavers, and many types of mice. The group is characterized by a specific shape to the lower jaw. In sciurognaths, the angular process of the jaw is in the same plane as the root of the incisors. This is in contrast to the suborder Hystricognathi where the angular process is outside the plane formed at the root of the incisor due to the presence of a shelf for muscle attachment.
Hystricomorpha is a term referring to families and orders of rodents which has had many definitions throughout its history. In the broadest sense, it refers to any rodent with a hystricomorphous zygomasseteric system. This includes the Hystricognathi, Ctenodactylidae, Anomaluridae, and Pedetidae. Molecular and morphological results suggest the inclusion of the Anomaluridae and Pedetidae in Hystricomorpha may be suspect. Based on Carleton & Musser 2005, these two families are discussed here as representing a distinct suborder Anomaluromorpha.
Witwatia is an extinct genus of giant bat that contained two species which lived in the Al Fayyum in Egypt during the late Eocene and one species which lived in Tunisia during the early Eocene. It is known from a lower jaw and teeth. Three species have been named: the type species W. schlosseri, W. eremicus and W. sigei.
Eomys is an extinct genus of eomyid rodent from the late Oligocene of France, Germany, Spain, and possibly Turkey. The species Eomys quercyi is the earliest known gliding rodent.
Corbarimys cezannei, formerly Pseudoparamys cezannei, is a species of extinct rodent in family Ischyromyidae. It is named after French Post-Impressionist painter Paul Cézanne.
Duerotherium is an extinct genus of Palaeogene artiodactyls known only from the Iberian Peninsula during the Middle Eocene, which contains one species D. sudrei. It, like other members of the Anoplotheriidae, was endemic to Western Europe. The anoplotheriine was described from a left fragment of a maxilla from the Mazaterón Formation of the Duero Basin in 2009. Its dentition is mostly typical of the Anoplotheriinae but differs by an elongated plus triangular 3rd upper premolar and very specific traits of the molars. It is thought to have been part of an endemic faunal assemblage that evolved within the Iberian Peninsula by the Middle Eocene, where climates were subtropical.
This paleomammalogy list records new fossil mammal taxa that were described during the year 2012, as well as notes other significant paleomammalogy discoveries and events which occurred during that year.
Cainotheriidae is an extinct family of artiodactyls known from the Late Eocene to Middle Miocene of Europe. They are mostly found preserved in karstic deposits.
The Quercy Phosphorites Formation is a geologic formation and lagerstätte in Occitanie, southern France. It preserves fossils dated to the Paleogene period, or MP16 to MP28 zones of the European land mammal age classification, ranging from approximately 38 to 25 Ma.
Necromantis is an extinct genus of bat that lived during the Eocene. Its fossils are found in the Quercy Phosphorites Formation of France and the Djebel Chambi in Tunisia. Specimens of Necromantis are notable for their large size and specialization towards a predatory lifestyle.
Dichodon is an extinct genus of Palaeogene artiodactyls belonging to the family Xiphodontidae. It was endemic to Western Europe and lived from the middle Eocene up to the earliest Oligocene. The genus was first erected by the British naturalist Richard Owen in 1848 based on dental remains from the fossil beds in Hordle, England. He noticed similar dentitions to contemporary artiodactyls like those of the Anoplotheriidae and Dichobunidae and references the name of the genus Dichobune. Eventually, it was found to be more closely related to Xiphodon and now includes 11 species, although one of them may be synonymous.
Haplomeryx is an extinct genus of Palaeogene artiodactyls belonging to the family Xiphodontidae. It was endemic to Western Europe and lived from the middle Eocene up to the earliest Oligocene. Haplomeryx was first established as a genus by the German naturalist Max Schlosser in 1886 based on a molar tooth set from Quercy Phosphorites deposits. Three additional species were erected and classified to the xiphodontid genus while one other species, first recognized in 1822, was tentatively classified to it and remains unresolved in affinity.
Reinomys is an extinct genus of Palaeogene rodents of unclear affinities belonging to the infraorder Theridomorpha. The genus and its only known species Reinomys rhomboides were both named by the French palaeontologists Monique Vianey-Liaud and Laurent Marivaux in 2021 based on some lower molars from the French locality of Avenay that dates back to the later early Eocene. It is diagnosed as being similar in size to another basal rodent Sparnacomys but differing based on specific traits of the tooth surfaces and cusps.
Auroremys is an extinct genus of Palaeogene rodents belonging to the theridomorph family Pseudosciuridae. The type and only species Auroremys subita was first named by Bernard Comte et al. in 2012 as belonging to the ischyromyid genus Ailuravus before it was eventually reclassified to its own genus by French palaeontologists Monique Vianey-Liaud and Laurent Marivaux in 2021.
Burgia is an extinct genus of Palaeogene rodents belonging to the family Theridomyidae. It is more specifically classified to the subfamily Patriotheridomyinae and contains one species Burgia marandati. The type and only species was originally classified to another genus name Bernardia by Monique Vianey-Liaud in 1991 before the genus name usage was rendered invalid due to it being preoccupied by a scale insect in 1891. Burgia marandati is known from a holotype consisting of a lower molar from the French locality of Lavergne that dates to the middle Eocene. The genus is named after the Bach mayor Pierre Burg, who assisted palaeontologists in their research locally.
Theridomorpha is an extinct clade of Palaeogene rodents that were endemic to western Europe and lived from the early Eocene to the late Oligocene. It is proposed to belong to the suborder Ischyromyiformes, of which the Gliridae is the sole surviving family, and contains the families Euromyidae, Masillamyidae, Theridomyidae, and Pseudosciuridae. Theridomorphs had wide variations in both their tooth crown heights and their surface patterns, namely bunodont, lophodont, or selenodont dentitions. Whereas Eocene species had brachyodont, or low-crowned, to slightly hypsodont (higher-crowned) dentitions, Oligocene species tended to have more semi-hypsodont dentitions. Theridomorphs ranged in size from small field mice at 50 g (1.8 oz) to muskrats at 1 kg (2.2 lb).
