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 Australia |  Mexico |
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The nations of Australia and Mexico established diplomatic relations in 1966. [1] Both nations are members of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation, Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership, G20, MIKTA, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development and the World Trade Organization.
In the beginning, diplomatic relations between Mexico and Australia were conducted via London as Australia was part of the British Empire. In the late 1930s, Mexico established an honorary consulate in Sydney; however during the outbreak of World War II, Mexico closed its consulate. Both Australian and Mexican troops fought together in Philippines Campaign during the war to liberate the country from Japanese forces. In 1960, Mexico re-opened its consulate in Sydney which led to formal diplomatic relations being established between the two nations on 14 March 1966. [1] That same year, Mexico opened an embassy in Canberra and in 1982, Mexico inaugurated its current embassy building in Yarralumla.
In 1973, Prime Minister Gough Whitlam became the first Australian head-of-government to pay an official visit to Mexico. [2] During the visit, Whitlam emphasized that "middle powers like Mexico and Australia should associate more often and openly in helping to shape a world whose future belonged to them as much as to the mightiest powers." [3] In 1990, Carlos Salinas de Gortari became the first Mexican President to visit Australia. Since the initial visits, leaders of both nations have returned to each nation.
In September 2007, Mexican President Felipe Calderon paid a visit to Sydney to attend the XV APEC Summit. In June 2012, Australian Prime Minister Julia Gillard paid a visit to Mexico to attend the VII G20 Summit in Los Cabos. [2]
In 2016, both nations celebrated 50 years of diplomatic relations. [4] In August of that same year, Australian Governor-General Peter Cosgrove paid a visit to Mexico and met with President Enrique Peña Nieto to celebrate the 50th anniversary of diplomatic relations between both nations. [5]
In January 2020, a Mexican Parliamentary delegation paid a visit to Canberra, Australia. [6] In April 2023, Director General for Asia-Pacific of the Mexican Secretariat of Foreign Affairs, Fernando González Saiffe, paid a visit to Australia for senior officials talks. [6]
High-level visits from Australia to Mexico [2] [7] [8]
High-level visits from Mexico to Australia [2] [9]
Both nations have signed several bilateral agreements such as an Agreement on Technical and Scientific Cooperation (1981); Extradition Treaty (1990); Agreement on Cooperation in the peaceful uses of Nuclear Energy (1992); Agreement on the avoidance of Double-Taxation (2002); Agreement on the Promotion and Protection of Investments (2005); Agreement on Energy (2005); Agreement on Education (2008); Agreement on Air Services (2010); Agreement on Agriculture (2010); Agreement on Mining (2010); Memorandum of understanding on education, research and vocational training (2015); Memorandum of understanding on scientific cooperation between the Academy of Mexican Sciences and the Academy of Sciences of Australia (2015); Memorandum of understanding between the Mexican Secretariat of the Interior and the Australian Federal Police on the development of police cooperation (2018); and a Memorandum of Understanding between the Australian Institute of Studies on Aboriginal Peoples and Islanders of the Torres Strait and the Mexican National Institute for Indigenous Peoples (2020). [10]
In 2023, approximately 9,432 Australian citizens visited Mexico for tourism. At the same time, approximately 7,787 Mexican citizens visited Australia. [6]
In 2018, both nations became signatories of the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership which grants both nations free trade with each other and other members of the Trans-Pacific Partnership. In 2023, two-way trade between both nations amounted to US$2.5 billion. [11] Australia's main exports to Mexico include: turnip Seeds (canola) or rapeseed oil, products of iron or non-alloy steel, machinery, mechanical appliances, parts and accessories for motor vehicles, chemical based products, minerales, beef and sheep meat, margarine, and wine. Mexico's main exports to Australia include: motor cars and other vehicles for the transport of people and goods, telephones and mobile phones, data processing machines, chemical based products, medical appliances, tubes and pipes of iron or steel, coffee, vegetables, milk, seafood, and alcohol. [11]
Australian multi-national companies such as Chep, Incitec Pivot, Macquarie Capital, Nufarm, QBE Insurance, Worley (among others) operate in Mexico. Mexican multinational companies such as Gruma and Metalsa (among others) operate in Australia. [12]
It has been reported that the Sinaloa Cartel had operatives in Australia and were behind a number of significant cocaine hauls intercepted by Australian authorities. [13] In 2011, the Sinaloa cartel attempted to set up an outpost in Sydney but were thwarted by a police operation. [14] However, in 2016 it was reported that the Sinaloa cartel was responsible for 60% of the cocaine market in Australia and shipped AUD100 million worth a month.[ citation needed ]
In May 2015, the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime warned that Mexican drug cartels were targeting criminals in Australia to import ice into the country. The Office said cartels were involved in trafficking methamphetamine and were actively seeking partners in Australia. [15] [16]
In 2016, the Australian Federal Police reported that a "significant amount of methamphetamine coming into Australia may originate in Mexico." [17] A report by the University of Canberra found that the cartels "have already established linkages in the Asia-Pacific and are attempting to expand these with a particular focus on penetrating the Australian market." [17]
The nations of Greece and Mexico established diplomatic relations in 1938. Early Greek migration to Mexico contributed to the industrial agricultural development of the North-Western Pacific state of Sinaloa. Both nations are members of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development and the United Nations.
Bilateral relations between Argentina and Australia have existed for years. Both nations are members of the Cairns Group, Forum of East Asia–Latin America Cooperation, G20 and World Trade Organization.
The nations of Mexico and Turkey established diplomatic relations in 1928. Both nations are members of the G20, OECD and the United Nations.
Australia and Chile enjoy friendly relations, the importance of which centers on the history of Chilean immigration to Australia. In 2016, over 26,000 Chilean-born people lived in Australia. Chile is geographically the closest country in the Americas to Australia, and both administer several islands in the South Pacific. The two nations are members of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation, Cairns Group and the OECD.
Ties between Mexico and Spain date back to the Spanish conquest of Mexico in 1519 and subsequent Spanish colonialism in the country which lasted until the end of the Mexican War of Independence in 1821. Formal diplomatic relations between both nations commenced in 1836 and were severed with the aftermath of the Spanish Civil War in 1939. Diplomatic relations were re-established in 1977 and have continued unabated since.
The nations of Mexico and the United Kingdom formally established diplomatic relations in 1826. However, diplomatic relations were severed in 1861 after Mexico suspended payments on its foreign debt to the U.K. Diplomatic relations were re-established in 1864 when the U.K. recognized Emperor Maximilian I of Mexico. After the death of the Emperor and the restoration of democracy in Mexico in 1867, relations were once again severed between both nations.
The nations of Colombia and Mexico established diplomatic relations in 1821 when Colombia became the first country in Latin-America to recognize Mexico's independence. Both nations are members of the Association of Caribbean States, Community of Latin American and Caribbean States, Latin American Integration Association, Organization of American States, Organization of Ibero-American States, Pacific Alliance and the United Nations.
The nations of Italy and Mexico first established formal diplomatic relations in 1874, following the unification of Italy. The two nations were twice on the opposite sides of 20th century conflicts: first in the Spanish Civil War from 1936 to 1939, and later during World War II from 1942 to 1945. Mexico re-established diplomatic relations with Italy in 1946 and relations have continued unabated since.
The nations of Ireland and Mexico established diplomatic relations in 1974. The relationship has been often associated with the Irish migration to Mexico. Both nations are members of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, United Nations and the World Trade Organization.
Denmark–Mexico relations are the foreign relations between Denmark and Mexico. Both nations are members of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development and the United Nations.
The nations of Mexico and South Africa established diplomatic relations in 1993. Bilateral relations between both nations have been characterized by a good level of political dialogue and by the mutual recognition of the leadership and involvement exercised by both countries in their respective regions.
Current and historical relations exist between the Commonwealth of Australia and the Federative Republic of Brazil. Both nations are members of the Cairns Group, G20 and the United Nations. Australia and Brazil are the largest countries in the Southern Hemisphere.
China–Mexico relations are the diplomatic relations between the People's Republic of China and the United Mexican States. Diplomatic relations were established in 1972. and both nations are members of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation, Forum of East Asia–Latin America Cooperation, G-20 major economies and the United Nations.
The nations of Mexico and New Zealand established diplomatic relations in 1973. Both nations are members of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation, Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, United Nations and the World Trade Organization.
The nations of Indonesia and Mexico established diplomatic relations in 1953. Both nations view their counterpart as strategic partners in each other's regions; Indonesia in Southeast Asia and Mexico in Latin America. Both nations are mutual members of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation, Forum of East Asia-Latin America Cooperation, Group of 15, G20, MIKTA, United Nations, and the World Trade Organization.
Belize and Mexico are neighboring nations. They established official diplomatic relations in 1981 after Belize obtained its independence. However, diplomatic relations between Mexico and British administered British Honduras existed as early as 1893. Relations between both nations are based on proximity, trade and cultural connections between the Maya peoples of Belize and southern Mexico.
The nations of Mexico and Switzerland established diplomatic relations in 1945, however, both nations had established official contact in 1827. Both nations are members of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development and the United Nations.
Mexico–United Arab Emirates relations are the diplomatic relations between Mexico and the United Arab Emirates. Both nations are members of the United Nations.
The nations of Mexico and Vietnam established diplomatic relations in 1975. Both nations are members of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation, Forum of East Asia-Latin America Cooperation and the United Nations.
The nations of Mexico and Singapore established diplomatic relations in 1975. Both nations are members of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation, Forum of East Asia–Latin America Cooperation and the United Nations.
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