Bachaler Olaszkai | |
---|---|
Castellan of Koprivnica | |
Reign | 1272 |
Died | around 1300 |
Noble family | House of Olaszkai |
Father | Vida Olaszkai |
Bachaler Olaszkai (Hungarian : Olaszkai Bachaler; died around 1300) was a Hungarian medieval soldier and lesser noble in the second half of the 13th century. He served as castellan of Koprivnica (Kapronca) in 1272, when King Stephen V's son and heir, Ladislaus was abducted and imprisoned there. [1]
Bachaler was born into a lesser noble family of possible castle warrior origin, which possessed some landholdings in Vas County. His father was a certain Vida, who owned the estate of Olaszka (present-day belongs to Olaszfa). He had two brothers, Lawrence and Kemény. [2] Bachaler joined the royal army in the summer of 1253, when Béla IV of Hungary launched a campaign against the Margraviate of Moravia, ruled by his long-standing enemy, Ottokar. During the campaign, Bachaler fought at the walls of the castle Pirill, where one of his relatives was perished. For his service and bravery, Bachaler was granted the estate of Szarakad by Béla IV in 1255, two years later. Prior to that, the land belonged to the ispánate of Vasvár and laid near his family's centre, Olaszka. With his brothers and other relatives, Bachaler divided their inherited and jointly owned land, Olaszka on 26 September 1258. He received a relatively insignificant portion. [2]
He disappears from contemporary sources in the 1260s. It is presumable that he entered the service of the increasingly influential baron, Joachim Gutkeled, during that time. [2] Becoming Joachim's familiaris , Bachaler elevated into the position of castellan of Koprivnica, a stronghold in Slavonia by the summer of 1272. [1] His lord, Joachim Gutkeled abducted the 10-year-old heir presumptive Ladislaus from the royal camp, which stayed in Slavonia, and held him in captivity in the fortress of Koprivnica in late June. [3] Joachim entrusted his castellan Bachaler to guard the young prince, who was technically held under house arrest. [4] As Ladislaus' jailer, Bachaler remained faithful to Joachim's case, even when Stephen V gathered an army and besieged Koprivnica. Bachaler and his garrison successfully defended the fort. The Hungarian king retreated to inner Hungary and died soon in early August 1272. [5] Joachim Gutkeled departed for Székesfehérvár as soon as he was informed of Stephen V's death, because he wanted to arrange Ladislaus' ascension to the Hungarian throne. Ladislaus IV was crowned king in early September 1272. [6] One of the first measures of the royal council, dominated by Joachim and his allies, was the confirmation and transliteration of Béla's former land donations to Bachaler in November 1272. The royal charter was issued in the name of the young monarch, accordingly, Bachaler has done countless ministry, shedding his blood and "exposing himself to the precarious whims of destiny", when "We were detained [...] due to the resentment of some of Hungary's barons". [4]
Alongside his brother, Kemény, Bachaler participated in the war against the Kingdom of Bohemia in 1273. They belonged to Joachim Gutkeled's banderium , when their lord, along with other barons, launched private initiative Hungarian incursions into Austria and Moravia in February. Both Bachaler and Kemény were wounded during the military action. Thereafter, they were transferred to the army of Ivan Kőszegi, ispán of Zala County, by April, where fought to recapture Győr from Ottokar's mercenaries. They also participated in the battle at Laa in August. They remained in the service of the Kőszegi army, and fought in the victorious battle at Marchegg. Bachaler seriously injured there. When a certain Moravian knight, Stephanych of Holun and his mercenaries stormed the borderlands in Vas County, Bachaler and Kemény clashed with them and captured some of important generals. For their service, Nicholas Kőszegi donated a portion of his land, Konsa in Križevci County to the brothers. Ladislaus IV confirmed the donation in a privilege letter on 21 July 1275. [7]
Sometime before 1280, Bachaler unlawfully seized the estate of Lapatk. In May 1280, Ladislaus IV ordered Stephen Gutkeled, Ban of Slavonia to recover the land for his rightful owners and defend their interests. Bachaler is next mentioned by sources in January 1291, when Andrew III of Hungary confirmed and transcribed Béla's letter of donation (1255). Bachaler resided permanently in Križevci County by that time. He compiled his last will and testament around 1300, at the Franciscan monastery of Gorbonok (present-day Kloštar Podravski in Croatia). He owned portions of eight lands and estates in Vas and Križevci counties at the time of his death. [7]
Ladislaus IV, also known as Ladislaus the Cuman, was King of Hungary and Croatia from 1272 to 1290. His mother, Elizabeth, was the daughter of a chieftain from the pagan Cumans who had settled in Hungary. At the age of seven, he married Elisabeth, a daughter of King Charles I of Sicily. Ladislaus was only 9 when a rebellious lord, Joachim Gutkeled, kidnapped and imprisoned him.
Nicholas from the kindred Geregye was a Hungarian baron and landowner, member of the gens Geregye, who held several positions.
Ivan Kőszegi was an influential lord in the Kingdom of Hungary at the turn of the 13th and 14th centuries. Earlier historiographical works also refer to him Ivan Németújvári. He was Palatine in 1281, between 1287 and 1288, and from 1302 until 1307, Ban of Slavonia in 1275, from 1284 until 1285 and in 1290, and Master of the treasury in 1276 and 1291.
Joachim from the kindred Gutkeled was a Hungarian influential lord in the second half of the 13th century. As a key figure of the struggles for power between the powerful barons in the 1270s, he kidnapped Ladislaus, the son of and heir to Stephen V of Hungary in June 1272, which was an unprecedented case in Hungarian history during that time and marked the beginning of half a century of turbulent period, called "feudal anarchy". Joachim was one of the first provincial lords, who sought to establish an oligarchic domain independently of the royal power. He was killed in a skirmish against the Babonići.
Roland (I) from the kindred Rátót was a Hungarian influential lord, who held several important secular positions for decades. He was also the ancestor of the Paksi family.
Henry (I) Kőszegi from the kindred Héder, commonly known as Henry the Great, was a Hungarian influential lord in the second half of the 13th century who was the founder and first member of the powerful Kőszegi family. Henry was one of the most notable earlier "oligarchs" who ruled de facto independently their dominion during the era of feudal anarchy.
Egidius (II) from the kindred Monoszló was a Hungarian powerful baron, who served as Master of the treasury from 1270 to 1272 and from 1274 to 1275. He was a loyal supporter of Stephen V of Hungary from his ducal years.
Gregory (III) from the kindred Monoszló was a Hungarian lord, who served as the first known Judge of the Cumans in 1269. Through his marriage, he was a relative of the royal Árpád dynasty.
Nicholas (III) from the kindred Hahót was a Hungarian noble and landowner, whose rebellion against the newly crowned Stephen V of Hungary in 1270 was a dress rehearsal for the era of feudal anarchy lasted until the 1320s, and also caused the 1271 war between Hungary and Bohemia.
Timothy was a prelate in the 13th century, who served as Bishop of Zagreb from 1263 until his death.
Denis from the kindred Péc was a Hungarian baron and soldier in the 13th century. Initially, he was a confidant of rex iunior Stephen, but later joined the partisans of the elderly Béla IV of Hungary. He actively participated in the military campaigns against Austria and Bohemia. He served as Palatine of Hungary and other high-ranking positions several times during the era of feudal anarchy.
Nicholas (I) Kőszegi was a Hungarian influential lord in the second half of the 13th century. He was a member of the powerful Kőszegi family. He served as Palatine of Hungary at various times between 1275 and 1298. He was also Ban of Slavonia twice. Albeit he participated in several rebellions against the royal power, he proved to be more moderate and conformist than his younger brothers. He swore loyalty to Andrew III of Hungary after their failed rebellion in 1292. In comparison to the other branches of the Kőszegi family, Nicholas' branch remained relatively insignificant, as he did not establish an oligarchic province independently of the king, unlike his brothers. Nicholas was ancestor of the Rohonci family, which flourished until the mid-15th century.
Lawrence (I) from the kindred Aba was a Hungarian influential baron and soldier in the 13th century, who was considered a loyal supporter of Béla IV of Hungary. He served as Master of the stewards from 1259 to 1270.
Job Csicseri was a Hungarian nobleman and soldier at the turn of the 13th and 14th centuries.
Sebastian, son of Bensa was a Hungarian nobleman and soldier in the second half of the 13th century, who served as ispán of Torna County in 1274.
Panyit from the kindred Miskolc was a Hungarian lord and military leader in the 13th century, a faithful confidant of Stephen V of Hungary. He served as Ban of Severin in 1270.
Lawrence, son of Kemény was a Hungarian influential lord and military leader in the 13th century, who held various positions in the royal court since the late 1250s. He was a skilled and loyal soldier during the reign of Béla IV of Hungary. He retained his influence in the courts of Stephen V and Ladislaus IV too, representing a stable point in the government, when two baronial groups fought for the supreme power. Through his sons, he was ancestor of the Cseményi and Matucsinai noble families.
Dominic from the kindred Csák was a Hungarian lord in the 13th century. Initially, he was a confidant of rex iunior Stephen, but later joined the partisans of the elderly Béla IV of Hungary. During the era of feudal anarchy, he served as a courtier of Queen Dowager Elizabeth the Cuman.
Thomas was a Hungarian prelate in the 13th century, who served as Bishop of Vác from 1278 until his assassination. Simultaneously, he served in the royal court in various positions. He was a faithful confidant of King Ladislaus IV of Hungary.
Peter (II) from the kindred Tétény was a Hungarian baron in the second half of the 13th century, who served as Ban of Slavonia three times. He was a faithful confidant of King Ladislaus IV of Hungary in his fight against the oligarchic domains. Peter was forefather of the Pekri noble family.