Baekdudaegan | |
Hangul | |
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Hanja | |
Revised Romanization | Baekdu daegan |
McCune–Reischauer | Paektu taegan |
The Baekdu-daegan is a mountain-system and watershed-crest-line which runs through almost all of the length of the Korean Peninsula,from Paektu Mountain (2,744m) in the north to the Cheonhwang-bong or "Heavenly Monarch Peak" of Jirisan (1,915m) in the south. [1] It has 13 Jeongmaek or branch-ranges that begin on the mainline range and channel Korea's biggest rivers to the east,west and south seas.
The Baekdu-daegan is important in traditional Korean geography and thought,a key aspect of Pungsujiri philosophy and practices. It is often referred to as the "spine" or "backbone" of the Korean Peninsula, [2] and depicted in various historic and modern artworks including national maps. Under traditional Korean thought influenced by Daoism and Neo-Confucianism,Mt. Baekdu-san is regarded as the northern root-origin of the mountain-system,and conceived-of as the grand patriarch of all Korean mountains;while Jiri-san at the southern end is conceived-of as the grand matriarch of all Korean mountains. The mountain-system incorporates the Sobaek mountain range and most of the Taebaek mountain range,according to Western-style geography.
The term Baekdu-daegan most specifically refers to an elongated mountain ridge that runs from Mt. Baekdu-san in the north,to Mt. Jiri-san in the south,a crestline which no body of water ever crosses,about 1500 km long. [3] Many Koreans and a few international visitors hike some parts of the crestline trail,and some aspire to hike all of it within South Korea,an expedition of 735 km,usually undertaken from south to north. Some of these people dream of someday trekking along the entire trail across the militarized border and up to Baekdu-san,although no hiking of this kind is permitted in North Korea. The section in South Korea was designated as a national nature-preservation park in 2006 by the South Korean government.
During the Japanese occupation from 1910 to 1945,Japan attempted to restructure Korean mountains in accordance with the concept of mountain ranges as used in Western geography. [4] The notion of the mountain ranges that prevailed during the Japanese occupation era was one based on geological structures under the ground,rather than topographical ones. [4]
Hiking along the 1500-meter crestline of the Baekdu-daegan was never an activity in all of Korean history until the very late 20th century,and there was no trail along almost all of it,because the domination of the alpine areas by Korean tigers made it too dangerous to be up there. Avid Korean hikers took an interest in it and began pioneering and marking trails,and making maps,starting in the 1980s. In the 1990s governments of the counties that the crestline passes through or forms their borders began making/improving trails,out of pride that their territory is part of this nation-defining range;by the 2000s they were setting-up monuments,information-signs and trail-markers,improving path-stairways,water and access-points. In 2003 the Korea Forest Service was granted authority over the region as a whole within South Korea,but the scope of that authority and the geographical boundaries of "the Baekdu-daegan Region" have remained undefined and controversial. Before 2005 the Baekdu-daegan remained entirely unknown to the world outside Korea,but then Tourism professor David A. Mason began to promote it to the global audience in English by establishing a website and publishing articles. Andrew Douch [5] and Roger Shepherd, [6] mountain-loving hikers from New Zealand,trekked all of the available crestline trail while keeping careful records,and then with research &editing support from Prof. Mason wrote a guidebook to the trail,the most extensive information about the Baekdu-daegan in English by-far. [7] [8] All these efforts became a good success,attracting hikers from many other nations to explore its trails. [9] On January 3rd,2011 Mason was appointed the Honorary Public-Relations Ambassador of the Baekdu-daegan by Minister Chung of the Korea Forest Service, [10] under authority of Korean President Lee Myung-bak. Roger Shepherd has continued his explorations and international promotions of the Baekdu-daegan Trail,including expeditions into some of its areas in North Korea. [11]
Paektu Mountain, also known as Baekdu Mountain and in China as Changbai Mountain, is an active stratovolcano on the Chinese–North Korean border. At 2,744 m (9,003 ft), it is the highest mountain of the Baekdudaegan and Changbai ranges. Koreans assign a mythical quality to the volcano and its caldera lake, considering it to be their country's spiritual home. It is the highest mountain in Korea and Northeast China.
Hyesan is a city in the northern part of Ryanggang province of North Korea. It is a hub of river transportation as well as a product distribution centre. It is also the administrative centre of Ryanggang Province. As of 2008, the population of the city is 192,680.
Heaven Lake is a crater lake on the border between China and North Korea. It lies within a caldera atop the volcanic Paektu Mountain, a part of the Baekdudaegan and Changbai mountain ranges. It is located partly in Ryanggang Province, North Korea, at 42.006°N 128.057°E, and partly in Jilin Province, northeastern China. Heaven Lake has been recognized as the highest volcanic lake in the world by the Shanghai Office of the Guinness Book of Records.
Jirisan is a mountain located in the southern region of South Korea. It is the second-tallest mountain in South Korea after Jeju Island's Hallasan, and the tallest mountain in mainland South Korea.
Mount Kumgang or the Kumgang Mountains are a mountain/mountain range, with a 1,638-metre-high (5,374 ft) Birobong peak, in Kangwon-do, North Korea. It is about 50 kilometres (31 mi) from the South Korean city of Sokcho in Gangwon-do. It is one of the best-known mountains in North Korea. It is located on the east coast of the country, in Mount Kumgang Tourist Region, formerly part of Kangwŏn Province. Mount Kumgang is part of the Taebaek mountain range which runs along the east of the Korean Peninsula.
The 1909 Gando Convention was a treaty signed between Imperial Japan and Qing China in which Japan recognized China's claims to Jiandao, called Gando in Korean, and Mount Paektu, and in return Japan received railroad concessions in Northeast China ("Manchuria"). After the Surrender of Japan, Gando Convention was de jure nullified. While China took control of Manchuria and the northwestern half of Mt. Paektu, the Korean government north of the 38th Parallel took control of the southeastern half of Mt. Paektu in addition to taking control of the Korean Peninsula north of the 38th Parallel.
Mount San Antonio, commonly referred to as Mount Baldy or Old Baldy, is a 10,066 feet (3,068 m) summit in the San Gabriel Mountains in Los Angeles County, California. Lying within the San Gabriel Mountains National Monument and Angeles National Forest, it is the high point of the range, the county, and the Los Angeles metropolitan area. Mount San Antonio's sometimes snow-capped peaks are visible on clear days and dominate the view of the Los Angeles Basin skyline. The summit and a subsidiary peak to the west form a double-peaked high point of a steep-sided east-west ridge. The summit is accessible via a number of connecting ridges along hiking trails from the north, east, south and southwest.
Korea comprises the Korean Peninsula and 3,960 nearby islands. The peninsula is located in Northeast Asia, between China and Japan. To the northwest, the Amnok River separates Korea from China and to the northeast, the Duman River separates Korea from China and Russia. The Yellow Sea lies to the west, the East China Sea and Korea Strait to the south, and the [The East Sea]] to the east. Notable islands include Jeju Island (Jejudo), Ulleung Island (Ulleungdo), and the Liancourt Rocks.
The National Emblem of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea is the coat of arms of North Korea, officially known as the Democratic People's Republic of Korea. The current version adopted in 1993 is based on a design that was used since the foundation of the republic in 1948. Two previous versions were briefly in use in the late 1940s. Prominent features on the emblem are a red star, a hydroelectric plant and Mount Paektu. The design bears similarities to the emblem of the Soviet Union and other emblems of the socialist heraldic style.
Jogyesa is the chief temple of the Jogye Order of Korean Buddhism. The building dates back to the late 14th century and became the order's chief temple in 1936. It thus plays a leading role in the current state of Seon Buddhism in South Korea. The temple was first established in 1395, at the dawn of the Joseon Dynasty; the modern temple was founded in 1910 and initially called "Gakhwangsa". The name was changed to "Taegosa" during the period of Japanese rule, and then to the present name in 1954.
Taebaeksan, also known as Mount Taebaeksan or Mount Taebaek, is a South Korean mountain with several important peaks of the Taebaek mountain range, or the Taebaek Jeongmaek Range. It is an important mountain in the Baekdu-daegan Mountain-system Baekdudaegan, the point where it turns west after running along Korea's east coast for a long distance. Its territory stretches from the city of Taebaek in Yeongwol-gun County, Gangwon-do Province to Bonghwa-gun County, Gyeongsangbuk-do Province, and it was designated South Korea's 22nd national park on 22 August 2016. It has an elevation of 1,566.7 m (5,140 ft).
Upon its liberation in 1945 and subsequent foundation in 1948, North Korea adopted national symbols distinct from the national symbols of South Korea. The traditional flag of Korea, the Taegukgi, and the symbol Taeguk, were swapped for communist symbols.
Banyasa is a Buddhist temple of the Jogye Order in Chungcheong, South Korea.
"We Will Go to Mount Paektu" is a 2015 North Korean light music song in praise of the country's leader, Kim Jong-un.
The Five Mountains of Korea are five renowned mountains in Korean culture:
Ullim Falls is a waterfall located outside of Wŏnsan, North Korea.
Ashfall, also known as: Mount Paektu, is a 2019 South Korean disaster film directed by Lee Hae-jun and Kim Byung-seo, starring Lee Byung-hun, Ha Jung-woo, Ma Dong-seok, Jeon Hye-jin and Bae Suzy. The film was released in December 2019 in South Korea.
Jirisan is a South Korean television series starring Jun Ji-hyun and Ju Ji-hoon. It is named after the eponymous mountain in South Korea and has been promoted as "tvN's 15th Anniversary Special Drama". It premiered on tvN on October 23 to December 12, 2021 and aired every Saturday and Sunday at 21:00 (KST). The series is available on iQIYI worldwide for streaming.
David Alan Mason is an American academic usually based in South Korea. He has been a professor of cultural tourism at Sejong University in Seoul since 2014. He has authored about 10 prominent books on Korean culture, spirituality, travel and mountains, and serves as a scholar, author, public speaker and tour guide. He remains a well-known authority on Korean spiritual traditions of all kinds, especially about his core topic the Sansin deity and their shrines found throughout Korea called Sansin-gak, integral parts of Korean Buddhist temples, Korean Shamanism and village life. He is also an expert on the Baekdu-daegan mountain range and Korea's national parks, having visited all 20 as of 2011.
Mount Emma is a 13,581-foot-elevation mountain summit located in San Miguel County of Colorado, United States. It is situated three miles north of the community of Telluride, on the south side of Yankee Boy Basin, in the Uncompahgre National Forest. It is part of the Sneffels Range which is a subset of the San Juan Mountains, which in turn is part of the Rocky Mountains. Mount Emma is situated west of the Continental Divide, two miles south of Mount Sneffels, and 0.8 mile south of Gilpin Peak, the nearest higher neighbor. Emma ranks as the 197th-highest peak in Colorado, and the 10th-highest in the Sneffels Range. Topographic relief is significant as the south aspect rises 4,830 feet (1,472 meters) above Telluride in approximately three miles. An ascent of Mt. Emma is a difficult climb with 2,180 feet of elevation gain covering three miles from Yankee Boy Basin, or 4,836 feet of elevation gain from Telluride. This mountain's name was officially adopted by the U.S. Board on Geographic Names.
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