Bajalan (tribe)

Last updated

The Bajalan tribe (Kurdish : Bacilan, Bacwan, Banjelan, Bacerwan, Baclan), are an ethnic Kurdish [1] Bajelani speaking tribe.

Contents

Ethnology

Their ethnonym means "home of the falcons". [2] The tribe originates from Abdal Bey, an Ottoman commander in the Ottoman–Safavid War (1623–39). [3]

Geography

The seat of the Bajalan Pashas was Zohab which they founded according to James Silk Buckingham. [4] SARPUL-I ZOHAB ("bridgehead of Zohab"), a place on the way to Zagros on the great Baghdad-Kirmanshah road, takes its name from the stone bridge of two arches over the river Alwand. [5]

Austen Henry Layard observes the river Holwan issues at Ser-puli-Zohab from a deep gorge through lofty precipices. [6] The Bajalan Pass was noted by foreign travelers for its monasteries, bridges, castles and aqueducts. [7]

History

17th century

The Bajalans, under the command of their leader Abdal Bey, participated on the side of the Ottomans in the Ottoman–Safavid War (1623–39); numbered some 4000, they fought successfully against the Persians and helped Sultan Murad IV conquer Baghdad in 1638. [8]

Murad IV, in recognition of services rendered to the Ottoman Empire in the capture of Baghdad, rewarded Abdal Bey and his descendants with the title of Pasha (of one tail) and hereditary rights to the newly established Zohab Pashalik under the Treaty of Zuhab of 1639. [9] The Sultan ceded Zohab to Abdal Bey on the condition that he sols raise 2,000 horsemen when required, and pay a yearly tribute of 300,000 piastres to the State. However, in reality as an Ottoman vassal, they were lightly taxed and furnished a body of 1,200 horsemen to the crown. [10]

David McDowall described the Bajalans as formidable fighters [11] and George Bournoutian stated that their sheer looks brought on terror to the enemy in their chain mail. [12] Sir Henry Rawlinson, 1st Baronet notes the Kalhur tribe were ousted from Zohab by Sultan Murad IV who gave their lands to the Bajalan tribe. [13]

The pashalik of Zohab was a district of considerable extent, lying at the foot of the ancient Zagros, the capital was surrounded by a mud wall. The Pashalik was dependent upon that of Bagdad, and consisted of two divisions, Derna and Zehav. The Bajalan tribe was made up of a confederacy of lesser sub-tribes who were loyal to the Bajalan family and its Pasha, the first main sub tribe was Jumur (Jomur) which itself had nine branches including Hajilar, Gharibawand, Shirawand (Siravand), Charkalao, Mamawand, Daudawand (Dandavand), Zorkh (Sorkh) and Jalil Agha, the second main tribe was Qazanlu which had three branches, Haji Khalil, Wali Agha, Abdurrahman Agha. George Nathaniel Curzon mentions the Sagwands in his book Persia and the Persian question. [14]

18th century

A Bajilan Pasha moved against and fought Nadir Shah of Persia in Pataq and Zohab in January 1733. Nadir Shah subsequently expelled a part of Bajalan's tribe to Khurramabad. [15] The Bajalans became embroiled in the civil wars which were unleashed by the death of Karim Khan Zand in 1779. [16]

19th century

Robert Curzon British Commissioner in Erzurum noted that Osman Pasha in 1843 was the seventh hereditary Pasha of the Bajalan family. [17]

20th century

Rashid Pasha was the founding member of the first Kurdish political party in Iraq, Hiwa. Later, he was appointed a member of the central committee of the KDP on August 16, 1946 in Baghdad. [18]

Language

Members of the ruling begzadas Bajilan family spoke Kurmanji as well as a dialect of Gurani. [19]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">History of the Kurds</span>

The Kurds are an Iranian ethnic group in the Middle East. They have historically inhabited the mountainous areas to the south of Lake Van and Lake Urmia, a geographical area collectively referred to as Kurdistan. Most Kurds speak Northern Kurdish Kurmanji Kurdish (Kurmanji) and Central Kurdish (Sorani).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Karim Khan Zand</span> Shah of Iran from 1751 to 1779

Mohammad Karim Khan Zand was the founder of the Zand dynasty, ruling from 1751 to 1779. He ruled all of Iran (Persia) except for Khorasan. He also ruled over some of the Caucasian lands and occupied Basra for some years.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mohammad-Ali Mirza Dowlatshah</span> Iranian Prince of the Qajar dynasty

Mohammad-Ali Mirza Dowlatshah was a famous Iranian Prince of the Qajar dynasty. He is also the progenitor of the Dowlatshahi family of Persia. He was born at Nava, in Mazandaran, a Caspian province in the north of Iran. He was the first son of Fath-Ali Shah, the second Qajar king of Persia, and Ziba-Chehr Khanum, a Georgian girl of the Tsikarashvili family. He was also the elder brother of Abbas Mirza. Dowlatshah was the governor of Fars at age 9, Qazvin and Gilan at age 11, Khuzestan and Lorestan at age 16, and Kermanshah at age 19.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Qizilbash</span> Shia militant groups

Qizilbash or Kizilbash were a diverse array of mainly Turkoman Shia militant groups that flourished in Azerbaijan, Anatolia, the Armenian highlands, the Caucasus, and Kurdistan from the late 15th century onwards, and contributed to the foundation of the Safavid dynasty in early modern Iran.

The Zand tribe is a Laki-speaking Kurdish tribe mainly populating the countryside of Khanaqin in Iraq and in the provinces of Kurdistan and Hamadan of Iran.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sadeq Khan Zand</span> Shah of Iran from 1779 to 1781

Sadeq Khan Zand, also known as Mohammad Sadeq, was the fourth Shah of the Zand dynasty of Iran from August 22, 1779 until March 14, 1781.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Principality of Bitlis</span> Kurdish principality

The Principality of Bitlis, also known as the Bitlis Khanate, and the Bitlis Emirate (1182–1847), was a Persianate Kurdish principality centered at Bitlis. It originated from the Rojaki tribal confederation.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nakhichevan Khanate</span> Khanate in Nakhichevan under Iranian rule

The Nakhichevan Khanate was a khanate under Iranian suzerainty, which controlled the city of Nakhichevan and its surroundings from 1747 to 1828.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mamluk dynasty (Iraq)</span> 1704–1831 Georgian Mamluk dynasty under the Ottomans

The Mamluk dynasty of Mesopotamia was a dynasty of Georgian Mamluk origin which ruled over Iraq in the 18th and early 19th centuries.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kurdistan Democratic Party</span> Political party in the Kurdistan Region (founded 1946)

The Kurdistan Democratic Party, usually abbreviated as KDP or PDK, is the ruling party in Iraqi Kurdistan and the senior partner in the Kurdistan Regional Government. It was founded in 1946 in Mahabad in Iranian Kurdistan. The party states that it combines "democratic values and social justice to form a system whereby everyone in Kurdistan can live on an equal basis with great emphasis given to rights of individuals and freedom of expression."

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Capture of Baghdad (1638)</span> Part of the Ottoman–Safavid War (1623–1639)

The recapture of Baghdad was the second conquest of the city by the Ottoman Empire as a part of the Ottoman–Safavid War of 1623–1639.

Jwamer Aga, was the head of the Kurdish tribe of Hamawand during the late nineteenth century Ottoman era and was a Kurdish nobleman and aristocrat. Jwamer was made the ruler of Zuhab and the Qasr-e Shirin district after the overthrow of its hereditary ruling family the Bajalan. Jwamer which means one who is descended from nobility or is noble. He was born in 1815 in a Palace of his own family called Shirin Palace, which was located in the village of Ali Mansouri, a territory of Hamawand. He was executed by martyr in Qasr-e-Shirin in 1887 due to which he died at the age of 72.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ottoman–Persian War (1743–1746)</span> War between the Ottoman Empire and the Afsharid Iran (1743–1746)

The Ottoman–Persian War of 1743–1746 was fought between the Ottoman Empire and Afsharid Iran.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ottoman–Persian War (1775–1776)</span> Series of conflicts fought between the Ottoman Empire and Zand Persia from 1775 to 1776

The Ottoman–Persian War of 1775–1776 was fought between the Ottoman Empire and the Zand dynasty of Persia. The Persians, ruled by Karim Khan and led by his brother Sadeq Khan Zand, invaded southern Iraq and after besieging Basra for a year, took the city from the Ottomans in 1776. The Ottomans, unable to send troops, were dependent on the Mamluk governors to defend that region.

Şah Sultan was an Ottoman princess, the daughter of Selim II and Nurbanu Sultan. She was the granddaughter of Suleiman the Magnificent and his consort Hurrem Sultan, sister of Sultan Murad III and aunt of Sultan Mehmed III.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Qajar Iran</span> Country in Western Asia (1789–1925)

The Guarded Domains of Iran, alternatively the Sublime State of Iran and commonly called Qajar Iran, Qajar Persia or the Qajar Empire, was the Iranian state under the rule of the Qajar dynasty, which was of Turkic origin, specifically from the Qajar tribe, from 1789 to 1925. The Qajar family took full control of Iran in 1794, deposing Lotf 'Ali Khan, the last Shah of the Zand dynasty, and re-asserted Iranian sovereignty over large parts of the Caucasus. In 1796, Agha Mohammad Khan Qajar seized Mashhad with ease, putting an end to the Afsharid dynasty. He was formally crowned as Shah after his punitive campaign against Iran's Georgian subjects.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mustafa Pasha Bajalan</span>

Mustafa Pasha Bajalan, was an Ottoman Kurdish general and administrator, He was the final head of the Bajalan family and his father was the last hereditary governor of the Pashlik of Zohab.

Abdullah Pasha Bajalan was the third Kurdish hereditary governor of the Pashlik of Zohab and chief of the Bajalan tribe during the mid-1700s.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Guran (tribe)</span>

Guran is a Kurdish tribe. One of their main historical centers is Dartang, a region whose capital is at Rijab, at the western end of the gorge where the Alwand River enters into the Zohab plain. The other one is Darneh, located east of Dalahu in the Zimkan valley.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Afsharid Iran</span> State ruled by Afsharid dynasty (1736–1796)

The Guarded Domains of Iran, commonly referred to as Afsharid Iran or the Afsharid Empire, was an Iranian empire established by the Turkoman Afshar tribe in Iran's north-eastern province of Khorasan, establishing the Afsharid dynasty that would rule over Iran during the mid-eighteenth century. The dynasty's founder, Nader Shah, was a successful military commander who deposed the last member of the Safavid dynasty in 1736, and proclaimed himself Shah.

References

  1. ↑ "Bajalan". IranicaOnline. Retrieved 24 March 2019.
  2. ↑ Moosa, Matti (1987). Extremist Shiites: The Ghulat Sects. USA: Syracuse University Press. p. 163. ISBN   0815624115.
  3. ↑ Soane, Ely Banister (1918). Notes on the Tribes of Southern Kurdistan. UK: Government Press. p. 3.
  4. ↑ Travels in Assyria, Media, and Persia, Volume 1, James Silk Buckingham
  5. ↑ Houtsma, M. Th (1993). First Encyclopaedia of Islam: 1913-1936. E.J. Brill. ISBN   9789004097964.
  6. ↑ Layard, Austen Henry (2011). Early Adventures in Persia, Susiana, and Babylonia: Including a Residence Among the Bakhtiyari and Other Wild Tribes Before the Discovery of Nineveh, Volume 1. UK: Cambridge University Press. p. 218. ISBN   9781108043427.
  7. ↑ Island of salvation, Włodzimierz Odojewski
  8. ↑ Ateş, Sabri (2013). Ottoman-Iranian Borderlands: Making a Boundary, 1843–1914. UK: Cambridge University Press. p. 106. ISBN   978-1107245082.
  9. ↑ Ateş, Sabri (2013). Ottoman-Iranian Borderlands: Making a Boundary, 1843–1914. UK: Cambridge University Press. p. 163. ISBN   978-1107245082.
  10. ↑ Historical gazetteer of Iran, Volume 3, Ludwig W. Adamec
  11. ↑ The Kurds, Issue 4, David McDowall
  12. ↑ History of the wars: (1721-1736), Abraham Erewantsʻi, George A. Bournoutian
  13. ↑ Minorsky, Vladimir (1931). Medieval Iran and its neighbours, Volume 1. Russia: Variorum Reprints. p. 253. ISBN   0860781143.
  14. ↑ Persia and the Persian question, Volume 2, George Nathaniel Curzon of Kedleston (Marquess)
  15. ↑ Nadir Shah: a critical study based mainly upon contemporary sources, Laurence Lockhart
  16. ↑ Yar-Shater, Ehsan (1988). Encyclopaedia iranica, Volume 3, Issues 5-8. USA: Routledge & Kegan Paul. p. 533.
  17. ↑ Curzon, Robert (1854). Armenia: A Year at Erzeroom, and on the Frontiers of Russia, Turkey, and Persia. John Murray. p. 81.
  18. ↑ Mustafa Barzani and the Kurdish liberation movement 1931-1961, Masʻūd Bārzānī, Ahmed Ferhadi.
  19. ↑ Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Cambridge University Press. 1921. p. 58.

Bibliography

This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.