Baltimore Gabbro Complex

Last updated
Baltimore Gabbro
Stratigraphic range: Late Precambrian
Type Igneous
Location
Region Piedmont of Maryland
Extent Howard and Baltimore Counties
Type section
Named for Baltimore, Maryland
Named by G. H. Williams 1866

Baltimore Gabbro Complex is a hypersthene gabbro with subordinate amounts of olivine gabbro, norite, anorthositic gabbro, and pyroxenite. Igneous minerals and textures are well preserved in some rocks, and other rocks exhibit varying degrees of alteration and recrystallization with a new metamorphic mineral assemblage. [1]

Hypersthene enstatite var., belonging to the group of orthorhombic pyroxenes

Hypersthene is a common rock-forming inosilicate mineral belonging to the group of orthorhombic pyroxenes. Its chemical formula is (Mg,Fe)SiO3. It is found in igneous and some metamorphic rocks as well as in stony and iron meteorites. Many references have formally abandoned this term, preferring to categorise this mineral as enstatite or ferrosilite. It forms a solid solution series with the minerals enstatite and ferrosilite, being a mid-way member between the two. Pure enstatite contains no iron, while pure ferrosillite contains no magnesium; hypersthene is the name given to the mineral when a significant amount of both elements are present. Distinctly developed crystals are rare, the mineral being usually found as foliated masses embedded in the igneous rocks norite and hypersthene-andesite, of which it forms an essential constituent. The coarse-grained labradorite-hypersthene-rock (norite) of Paul's Island off the coast of Labrador has furnished the most typical material; for this reason, the mineral has been known as Labrador hornblende or paulite.

Gabbro A coarse-grained mafic intrusive rock

Gabbro is a phaneritic (coarse-grained), mafic intrusive igneous rock formed from the slow cooling of magnesium-rich and iron-rich magma into a holocrystalline mass deep beneath the Earth's surface. Slow-cooling, coarse-grained gabbro is chemically equivalent to rapid-cooling, fine-grained basalt. Much of the Earth's oceanic crust is made of gabbro, formed at mid-ocean ridges. Gabbro is also found as plutons associated with continental volcanism. Due to its variant nature, the term "gabbro" may be applied loosely to a wide range of intrusive rocks, many of which are merely "gabbroic".

Olivine Magnesium iron silicate solid solution series mineral

The mineral olivine is a magnesium iron silicate with the formula (Mg2+, Fe2+)2SiO4. Thus it is a type of nesosilicate or orthosilicate. It is a common mineral in Earth's subsurface but weathers quickly on the surface.

Contents

Early Quarrying

Baltimore Gabbro Complex was an early roadbed material for the Central Maryland Region. It was specified as "trap" or "nigger-head". It was mined in the Stoney Forest area of Harford and Cecil Counties, along the Susquehanna in Baltimore and as far south as Laurel. [2]

In 1996, Kingdon Gould III's Laurel Sand and Gravel company which includes Fairfax Materials, Allegany Aggregates, Laurel Asphalt and S.W. Barrick & Sons purchased the 600 acres chase property north of the historic town of Savage, Maryland. The site is home to the Savage Stone quarry, mining Baltimore Gabbro for road bed construction. The material is amble to support 50,000 pounds per square inch for road construction. The facility started operations in 2005 after special zoning approval with a 25-year reserve in materials. [3] [4] [5]

Kingdon Gould III is an American real estate developer, active in the Washington, D.C.-area. He is the son of Kingdon Gould, Jr., and the great-great-grandson of railroad financier Jay Gould.

Savage, Maryland Census-designated place in Maryland, United States

Savage is an unincorporated community and census-designated place located in Howard County, Maryland, about 18 miles (29 km) south of Baltimore and 21 miles (34 km) north of Washington, D.C. It is situated close to the city of Laurel and to the planned community of Columbia. As of the 2010 census it had a population of 7,054. The former mill town is a registered historic place, and has many original buildings preserved within and around the Savage Mill Historic District.

Age

Baltimore Gabbro Complex is Paleozoic, post-lower Ordovician. [6]

The PaleozoicEra is the earliest of three geologic eras of the Phanerozoic Eon. It is the longest of the Phanerozoic eras, lasting from 541 to 251.902 million years ago, and is subdivided into six geologic periods : the Cambrian, Ordovician, Silurian, Devonian, Carboniferous, and Permian. The Paleozoic comes after the Neoproterozoic Era of the Proterozoic Eon and is followed by the Mesozoic Era.

See also

Woodstock Quartz Monzonite

The Woodstock Quartz Monzonite is a Silurian or Ordovician quartz monzonite pluton in Baltimore County, Maryland. It is described as a massive biotite-quartz monzonite which intrudes through the Baltimore Gneiss at a single locality surrounding the town of Granite, Maryland.

Guilford Quartz Monzonite

The Guilford Quartz Monzonite is a Silurian or Ordovician quartz monzonite pluton in Howard County, Maryland. It is described as a biotite-muscovite-quartz monzonite which occurs as discontinuous lenticular bodies which intrude mainly through the Wissahickon Formation (gneiss).

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Guilford, Maryland Unincorporated community in Maryland, United States

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Quartz monzonite

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Charnockite A type of granite containing orthopyroxene

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Soldiers Delight Natural Environment Area

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Franklin Glacier Complex mountain in Canada

The Franklin Glacier Complex is a deeply eroded volcano in the Waddington Range of southwestern British Columbia, Canada. Located about 65 km (40 mi) northeast of Kingcome, this sketchily known complex resides at Franklin Glacier near Mount Waddington. It is over 2,000 m (6,600 ft) in elevation and because of its considerable overall altitude, a large proportion of the complex is covered by glacial ice.

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Roof pendant

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Whiskey Bottom Road

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Ellicott City Granodiorite

The Ellicott City Granodiorite is a Silurian or Ordovician granitic pluton in Howard and Baltimore Counties, Maryland. It is described as a biotite granodiorite along the margin of the intrusion which grades into a quartz monzonite in its core. It intrudes through the Wissahickon Formation and the Baltimore Gabbro Complex.

Port Deposit Gneiss

The Port Deposit Gneiss is a Paleozoic gneiss formation in Harford County, Maryland. It is described as a "Moderately to strongly deformed intrusive complex, chiefly composed of quartz diorite gneiss. Rock types include gneissic biotite-quartz diorite, hornblende-biotite-quartz diorite, and biotite granodiorite, with minor amounts of quartz monzonite and hornblende-quartz diorite. Moderate protoclastic foliation grades into strong cataclastic shearing." It intrudes into the Volcanic Complex of Cecil County.

The geology of Wisconsin includes Precambrian crystalline basement rock over three billion years old. A widespread marine environment during the Paleozoic flooded the region, depositing sedimentary rocks which cover most of the center and south of the state.

References

  1. "USGS Baltimore Gabbro Complex" . Retrieved 14 August 2014.
  2. Report on the Highways of Maryland, Volume 1. Maryland Geological Survey. 1899. p. 89.
  3. "Residents OK quarry in Jessup". The Baltimore Sun. June 3, 1994.
  4. "Savage quarry quandary Howard County: Hazardous quarry poses tough questions for county officials". The Baltimore Sun. 26 September 1995.
  5. "Construction Equipment Guide" . Retrieved 10 April 2014.
  6. Grace C. Keroher. Lexicon of Geologic Names of the United States for 1936-1960, Part 1. p. 207.