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Barbecue Bob | |
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![]() Hicks in 1927 | |
Background information | |
Birth name | Robert Hicks |
Also known as | Barbecue Bob |
Born | Walnut Grove, Georgia, U.S. | September 11, 1902
Died | October 21, 1931 29) Lithonia, Georgia, U.S. | (aged
Genres | |
Instruments |
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Years active | 1920s–1931 |
Robert Hicks (September 11, 1902 – October 21, 1931), known as Barbecue Bob, was an American Piedmont blues musician who played 12 string guitar which was popular in the Atlanta, Georgia area at the time. [1] A record talent scout gave him his nickname because he worked as a cook in a barbecue restaurant. [1] One of the three existing photographs of him shows him playing his guitar and wearing a full length, white apron and cook's hat.
Hicks was born in Walnut Grove, Georgia. [1] His parents, Charlie and Mary Hicks, were sharecropers. They moved to Newton County where his friend Curley Weaver's mother, Savannah "Dip" Weaver, taught Bob and his brother, Charley Lincoln, how to play the guitar. [2] [1] [3] Hicks began playing the six string guitar but picked up the 12 string guitar after moving to Atlanta, Georgia, in 1924. [1] He became one of the prominent performers of the newly developing Atlanta blues style which featured the 12 string.
In Atlanta, Hicks worked at various jobs, playing music on the side. While working at Tidwells' Barbecue in a north Atlanta suburb, he cooked for and sang to customers and became a local celebrity, coming to the attention of Columbia Records talent scout, Dan Hornsby who recorded him and dubbed him "Barbecue Bob" using Hicks's job to publicize his records having him pose in chef's whites and hat for publicity photos. [3]
Between March 1927 and December 1930, Hicks recorded 68 songs for Columbia Records, becoming one of the best-selling artists on their race series, being outsold only by Bessie Smith, Ethel Waters and Blind Willie Johnson. [4] [1] "Barbecue Blues", his first song, was his first hit. [5] The record quickly sold 15,000 copies. At his second recording session, in New York City in June 1927, he recorded "Mississippi Heavy Water Blues", a song inspired by the Great Mississippi Flood of 1927 and a recording that firmly established him in the race market. [6] This song and his other blues releases were popular and his records sold better than those of other Atlanta blues musicians. [3]
After the song’s success, Columbia recorded Hicks every time they came through Atlanta with a mobile unit, twice a year plus a few more on the side.
With his brother, Charley Lincoln, (also known as Charlie Lincoln or Laughing Charley), he recorded "It Won't Be Long Now", a duet with cross talk, in Atlanta on November 5, 1927. In April of the following year, Hicks recorded "Mississippi Low Levee Blues", a sequel to "Mississippi Heavy Water Blues" plus two songs with a singer he had known since childhood, Nellie Florence, Midnight Weeping Blues and Jacksonville Blues. In April 1930, he recorded "We Sure Got Hard Times Now" which contains bleak references to the Great Depression. As was usual with other blues singers, he recorded a few traditional songs and spirituals including "When the Saints Go Marching In", "Poor Boy, Long Ways from Home" and "Jesus' Blood Can Make Me Whole".
Hicks also recorded as a member of the Georgia Cotton Pickers in December 1930, the group consisting of Hicks, guitarist Curley Weaver and bluesman Buddy Moss playing harmonica. They recorded a handful of songs including their adaptation of Blind Blake's "Diddie Wa Diddie" recorded as "Diddle-Da-Diddle" and the Mississippi Sheiks' "Sitting on Top of the World" recorded as "I'm on My Way Down Home". They were his last recordings.
Hicks died in Lithonia, Georgia on October 21, 1931, at the age of 29 of a combination of tuberculosis and pneumonia brought on by influenza. [1] His recording of "Mississippi Heavy Water Blues" was played at his graveside before he was buried.
Hicks developed a "frailing" style of guitar playing more often associated with the traditional claw hammer banjo (as did his brother, and, initially, Curley Weaver). He regularly used a bottleneck on his 12 string guitar, playing in an open Spanish tuning (open G or open A tuning) reminiscent of Charley Patton. He had a strong voice which he embellished with growling and falsetto. [3]
Hicks had some influence on Atlanta blues musicians such as the young Buddy Moss but his way of playing was quickly overshadowed by the finger-picked Piedmont blues style which rose in popularity by the late 1920s and early 30s; this development can be heard in the recordings of Curley Weaver and the Reverend Gary Davis.
Eric Clapton played Hicks's "Motherless Child Blues" on stage and recorded it. John Fahey attributed his arrangement of "Poor Boy a Long Ways from Home" to Hicks in his 1979 Best Of book of tablature. Fahey attributed the song to the fictitious Blind Joe Death, writing that "Death learned this from an old Columbia record by Barbecue Bob [14246-D], which the Death household at one time possessed."
Blind Willie McTell was an American Piedmont blues and ragtime singer and guitarist. He played with a fluid, syncopated fingerstyle guitar technique, common among many exponents of Piedmont blues. Unlike his contemporaries, he came to use twelve-string guitars exclusively. McTell was also an adept slide guitarist, unusual among ragtime bluesmen. His vocal style, a smooth and often laid-back tenor, differed greatly from the harsher voices of many Delta bluesmen such as Charley Patton. McTell performed in various musical styles, including blues, ragtime, religious music, and hokum.
Piedmont blues refers primarily to a guitar style, which is characterized by a fingerpicking approach in which a regular, alternating thumb bass string rhythmic pattern supports a syncopated melody using the treble strings generally picked with the fore-finger, occasionally others. The result is comparable in sound to ragtime or stride piano styles. Blues researcher Peter B. Lowry coined the term, giving co-credit to fellow folklorist Bruce Bastin. The Piedmont style is differentiated from other styles, particularly the Mississippi Delta blues, by its ragtime-based rhythms.
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Eugene "Buddy" Moss was an American blues musician. He is one of two influential Piedmont blues guitarists to record in the period between Blind Blake's final sessions in 1932 and Blind Boy Fuller's debut in 1935. A younger contemporary of Blind Willie McTell, Curley Weaver and Barbecue Bob, Moss was part of a coterie of Atlanta bluesmen. He was among the few of his era whose careers were reinvigorated by the blues revival of the 1960s and 1970s.
Charley Lincoln, also known as Laughing Charley, was an American country blues musician. He often recorded with his brother Robert Hicks, who was billed as Barbecue Bob.
Isaac Daniel (Dan) Hornsby was an American singer-songwriter, musician, recording artist, producer and arranger, studio engineer, band leader, artists and repertoire (A&R) man with Columbia Records, and radio personality.
Eddie Mapp was an American country blues harmonicist. He is best known for his accompaniment on records by Barbecue Bob and Curley Weaver.
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