The ideal Baroque Pinto should have a "friendly, generous, and willing character with a lot of charisma, a long mane and tail, and a functional way of moving".[3] The horse should also be "healthy, functional, and have a strongly-built flat black", with a conformation suited to being a "working horse" with a "full tail, lush mane, feathering on the legs, a lot of front end, and a breed-typical head".[citation needed]
The breed standards call for "a good ratio between front, middle and hindquarters; ample muscling; sufficient space in the chest; sufficient ribbing, with the overall picture being harmonious and well developed, with a proud self-carriage and sufficient mass"; "noble head with expressive clear eyes, with the nasal bone preferably slightly concave; wide nostrils and a long mouth gap; small ears, which tend slightly towards each other at the tip"; "a long neck and neck together forming slightly upward curved line, which is nicely muscled, with the jaw-neck connection being light, and the throatlatch having an open underline with space at the throat; a neck rising high from the chest, with smooth connection with the withers"; "long sloping shoulder with well-developed withers, with form a smooth connection between neck and back, with the back being strong and not too long"; "muscular loins, with the croup being of sufficient length, and not too sloping"; and "legs that are hard, of sufficient length, without deviations and correct in leg position; strong joints that provide a solid foundation; and hooves that are of good quality, and of sufficient size". The Baroque Pinto horse should also have "generous hair in the form of mane, tail and lower legs (socks)", with the ideal coloring being "black, with at least two white markings on the body, each with a diameter of at least 10 centimeters".[4]
According to the Friesian Heritage Horse and Sporthorse International Registry, a Baroque Pinto horse must be pinto-colored, including tobiano, overo, splash, sabino, or a combination of these patterns. Black color is preferred, but all colors are allowable, except for gray. Horses with a gray parent are required to be tested negative for the gray gene, and breeding horses suspected to carry overo are required to be color tested for lethal white. Solid horses are not eligible for registration, even if both parents are pinto.[5]
On average, the Baroque Pinto typically ranges anywhere from 14.3 to 16.2hands (59 to 66inches, 150 to 168cm) at the withers, though some may he as large as 17hands (68inches, 173cm).[2][unreliable source] On 1 January 2020, the Barock Pinto Studbook raised the minimum height requirement from 1.53 meters (15.0hh) to 1.56 meters (15.3hh), with 1.58–1.6 meters (16hh) being listed as the ideal height.[6] This makes the Baroque Pinto about the same size as the Friesian, which stands on average about 15.3hands (63inches, 160cm), although it may vary from 14.2 to 17hands (58 to 68inches, 147 to 173cm) at the withers.[7]
The Baroque Pinto, like the Friesian, is used both for recreational purposes and for professional competitive horse sports, including dressage, driving, and other sports.[citation needed]
Bloodlines
The Friesian Heritage Horse and Sporthorse International Registry lists three different types of Baroque Pinto foundation stock:
Baroque Pinto Warmblood Heritage (BPW): A documented combination of Friesian with European Barock Pinto and/or European warmblood breeds only; e.g., Dutch Warmblood (KWPN), Hanoverian, Trakehner, Holsteiner, Oldenburger, etc. Must not be under 25% Friesian heritage.[citation needed]
Baroque Pinto American Heritage (BPA): Must be Over 51% Friesian OR a minimum of 50% Friesian, with a minimum of 25% European warmblood OR a minimum of 25% Friesian with a minimum of 50% European warmblood. Breeding a Baroque Pinto Warmblood book horse to a Baroque Pinto American book horse automatically places the resulting offspring into the Baroque Pinto American Heritage Sub-Book. The non-Friesian side of the pedigree should be no less than four generations. Horses may not be over 25% draft horse or Gypsy Vanner blood. Horses who are a combination of Gypsy Vanner and Friesian blood, with no other breed influence, are not eligible for the Baroque Pinto books, but may be registered in the Gypsy Vanner book. Horses who are 50% Friesian and/or horses who do not have a full, four generation pedigree on the non-Friesian side, may be considered for this book with a qualifying High Merit Inspection score, or other show/inspection credentials, by special invitation.[citation needed]
Baroque Pinto Foundation Heritage (BPF): Includes purebred Friesians that have white on two feet and a white face mark; e.g., a star, strip, or blaze. Pinto/Friesian or Barock Pinto horses that were imported from Europe, with a portion of non-documented Friesian heritage, will be considered for the BPF book on a case-by-case basis.[citation needed]
History
People have been crossbreeding Friesian horses with other breeds for more than a century. In 1879, the Friesian registry created two books for registration, one book for purebred Friesians, and another book for crossbreds. Crossbreeding had become so common by 1907 that the rules were again changed, combining the two books into one book again. This changed again in 1915, with concerns over the potential extinction of the purebred Friesian, and two books were again created. Eventually, two separate Friesian registries were created: Dutch and German.[8][9][10][11]
Today, the Dutch Friesian registry (Dutch: Friese Paarden Stamboek, FPS) and its American counterpart (FHANA, Friesian Horse Association North America) prohibit their registered horses from being used to create crossbred horses.[12] However, the German Friesian registry (German: Friesenpferde Zuchtverband e. V., FPZV) and its American counterpart (FPZV USA) do allow their registered horses to be crossbred with other breeds, but they will not register the crossbred offspring.[13] Both the Dutch and German registries have recognized the severe risks of inbreeding this has created in the breed,[14] and have created policy committees to try to reduce these risks.[15]
While most Friesian horses are known for their solid black coat color today – with chestnut rarely appearing in the breed due to recessive genes – historically, Friesians came in all colors, including pinto.[citation needed] The Baroque Pinto was developed to recreate the pinto coat pattern that was lost with more recent Friesian studbook regulations, with purebred Friesian mares being bred to pinto-colored Gelderlander, Groningen, and Dutch Harness horses in the 1950s. The Baroque Pinto breed goes back to a 1957 foundation stallion named Bonte Nico, who was bred from a Friesian mare and a tobiano Groningen or Gelderlander stallion,[16][bettersourceneeded] and was known for his striking pinto pattern. Bonte Nico, who was owned by Pieter Simon Hellinga Irnsum, was initially accepted into the Dutch Warmblood (KWPN) studbook, but later had his breeding license revoked at the request of the Responsible Breed Federation, which did not want a stallion with pinto coloring breeding to mares. However, Bonte Nico was later re-approved for breeding in 1966, by popular request.[17][unreliable source]
The Baroque Pinto studbook also owes its foundation to the 2003 Grand Prix dressage black pinto-colored Friesian-cross-Dutch Warmblood stallion Willem van Nassau,[18][unreliable source] who is out of the 1997 skewbald Dutch Warmblood mare Pepper, and stands at about 16.1hands (65inches, 165cm); the main line introduced to maintain color in the breed is the bloodline of the 1976 pinto-colored Dutch Warmblood stallion Samber, who stood at 16.2hands (66inches, 168cm). Samber is the only other Dutch Warmblood stallion of pinto coloring ever to be an approved by the KWPN studbook for breeding, and was out of the black tobiano Dutch Warmblood mare Tina D.[19] In the past few decades, the popularity of the Friesian crossbreds has increased, and additional registries have been formed specifically to register and recognize Friesian cross horses and Friesian Sporthorses as separate breeds.[8][9][10][11]
More recently, the studbook for Friesian Sporthorses was founded in 2007 by the Friesian Sporthorse Association (FSA); and in 2008, the FSA trademarked the name "Friesian Sporthorse". The Friesian Sporthorse Association was initially founded in the United States, but shortly thereafter, a branch was added in Australia. The Friesian Sporthorse Association registers Friesian Sporthorses worldwide,[11] including "pinto Friesian Sporthorses".[20] The first studbook exclusively for Baroque Pinto horses was founded in 2009.[citation needed]
Related Research Articles
A horse breed is a selectively bred population of domesticated horses, often with pedigrees recorded in a breed registry. However, the term is sometimes used in a broader sense to define landrace animals of a common phenotype located within a limited geographic region, or even feral "breeds" that are naturally selected. Depending on definition, hundreds of "breeds" exist today, developed for many different uses. Horse breeds are loosely divided into three categories based on general temperament: spirited "hot bloods" with speed and endurance; "cold bloods," such as draft horses and some ponies, suitable for slow, heavy work; and "warmbloods," developed from crosses between hot bloods and cold bloods, often focusing on creating breeds for specific riding purposes, particularly in Europe.
Warmbloods are a group of middle-weight horse types and breeds primarily originating in Europe and registered with organizations that are characterized by open studbook policy, studbook selection, and the aim of breeding for equestrian sport.
The Groninger or Groningen is a Dutch horse breed developed for light draft and agricultural work. It is closely related to heavy warmblood breeds like the East Friesian and Alt-Oldenburger. The breed was nearly lost in the mid-20th century because a significant number of mares were used for crossbreeding to create the Dutch Warmblood, leaving few purebreds.
The Friesian is a horse breed originating in Friesland in north Netherlands. The breed nearly became extinct on more than one occasion. It is classified as a light draught horse, and the modern day Friesian horse is used for riding and driving. The Friesian horse is most known for its all-black coat colour, its long flowing mane and tail, feathering on its legs, a high head carriage, and high stepping action.
A crossbreed is an organism with purebred parents of two different breeds, varieties, or populations. A domestic animal of unknown ancestry, where the breed status of only one parent or grandparent is known, may also be called a crossbreed though the term "mixed breed" is technically more accurate. Outcrossing is a type of crossbreeding used within a purebred breed to increase the genetic diversity within the breed, particularly when there is a need to avoid inbreeding.
The Oldenburg or Oldenburger is a warmblood horse from the north-western corner of Lower Saxony, what was formerly the Grand Duchy of Oldenburg. The breed was built on a mare base of all-purpose farm and carriage horses, today called the Alt-Oldenburger. The modern Oldenburg is managed by the Association of Breeders of the Oldenburger Horse, which enacts strict selection of breeding stock to ensure that each generation is better than the last. Oldenburgers are tall sport horses with excellent gaits and jumping ability. The breeding of Oldenburg horses is characterized by very liberal pedigree requirements and the exclusive use of privately owned stallions rather than restriction to a state-owned stud farm.
The Württemberger, Baden-Württemberger or Württemberg is a Warmblood horse breed originating in Germany. They are primarily riding horses, and are selectively bred for dressage and show jumping.
A Dutch Warmblood or KWPN is a horse breed of warmblood type registered with the Royal Warmblood Studbook of the Netherlands [Koninklijk Warmbloed Paardenstamboek Nederland] (KWPN), which governs the breeding of competitive dressage and show jumping horses, as well as the show harness horse and Gelderlander, and a hunter studbook in North America. Developed through a breeding program that began in the 1960s, the Dutch Warmbloods are some of the most successful competition horses developed in postwar Europe.
The American Warmblood is a horse of warmblood type, intended primarily for the traditional sport horse disciplines of dressage, show jumping, eventing and combined driving.
The Gelderlander is a Dutch breed of warmblood horse. It was bred in the province of Gelderland in the Netherlands as a carriage horse capable also of farm work. It declined in popularity in the mid-twentieth century. In 1965 it was one of the foundation breeds of the Dutch Warmblood or KWPN, the other being the heavier Groninger horse from the north. It is registered in a division of the Royal Dutch Warmblood Horse Studbook, which also has divisions for the Dutch Warmblood and for the Dutch Harness Horse.
The Friesian Sporthorse is a Friesian crossbred of sport horse type. The ideal Friesian Sporthorse is specifically bred to excel in FEI-recognized sport horse disciplines. Thus, "sporthorse" refers to the phenotype, breeding, and intended use of these horses. The term "Friesian Sport Horse" is a generic term to describe any Friesian-cross horse.
The heavy warmbloods are a group of horse breeds primarily from continental Europe. The title includes the Ostfriesen and Alt-Oldenburger ("Old-Oldenburger"), Groningen, and similar horses from Silesia, Saxony-Thuringia, and Bavaria. Breeds like the Hungarian Nonius, Kladruber, and Cleveland Bay are also often classed as "heavy warmbloods." They are the ancestors of the modern warmbloods, and are typically bred by preservation groups to fit the pre-World War I model of the all-purpose utility horse. Unlike the registries of the sport horses that followed them, many heavy warmblood registries maintain closed or partly closed studbooks. However, external evaluation and performance testing of the breeding stock is still a key element in these registries. Many of the heavy warmbloods are selected primarily for family-friendly temperaments.
The Dutch Harness Horse, or Tuigpaard, is a warmblood breed of fine driving horse that has been developed in the Netherlands since the end of World War II. Their studbook is kept by the Koninklijk Warmbloed Paardenstamboek Nederland or KWPN. The breed is based on the native Groningen and Gelderland horses, which were formerly indispensable in agriculture and transportation services. Strict selection procedures and a clear breeding aim enabled breeders to produce a refined, high-stepping horse within a few decades. While with 40 sires and fewer than 2,000 broodmares the population is not large, Dutch Harness Horses are highly recognizable. In the past few years, a handful have come to North America, where they are used as sport horses and saddle seat horses alike.
The Alt-Oldenburger and Ostfriesen are representatives of a group of horse breeds primarily from continental Europe called heavy warmbloods. The breed has two names because the same horse was bred in two regions in the most north-western part of Germany: East Frisia and the former grand duchy of Oldenburg. The name "Alt-Oldenburger" – alt meaning "old" – simply distinguishes this horse from its descendant, the modern Oldenburg, which is bred for sport.
The Frederiksborger is Denmark's oldest horse breed. They were tremendously popular throughout the Renaissance and Baroque periods and were considered luxury items. Today, the breed is rare, but has a loyal following. Stallions and mares undergo studbook inspections before being allowed to breed. They are most often chestnut with white markings.
The Zweibrücker is a type of German warmblood horse bred in Rhineland-Palatinate and Saarland. Traditionally, the breeding of Zweibrücken was centered on the onetime Principal Stud of Zweibrücken but since 1977 has been under the jurisdiction of the Horse Breeders' Association of Rhineland-Palatinate-Saar (PRPS). The modern Zweibrücker is an elegant, large-framed, correct sport horse with powerful, elastic gaits suitable for dressage, show jumping, eventing and combined driving.
The Pinto Horse Association of America (PtHA) registers horses, utility horses, ponies and miniature horses of various pedigrees with certain kinds of pinto coat colors. The word pinto is Spanish for "paint." In general terms, pinto can apply to any horse marked with unpigmented pink-skinned, white-haired areas on its coat. The Pinto Horse Association of America provides the owners and riders of pintos with a show circuit and a breed organization. The primary requirement for PtHA registration is coat color; the pinto is not a true breed, but a color breed.
The Warlander is a horse of Baroque type, produced by crossing Friesian horses with horses of a purebred registered Iberian horse breed such as the Andalusian, Lusitano, or Menorquín.
A part-Arabian, partbred Arabian or, less precisely, half-Arabian, is a horse with documented amounts of Arabian horse breeding but not a purebred. Because the Arabian is deemed to be a breed of purebred horse dating back many centuries, the modern breed registries recognized by the World Arabian Horse Organization generally have tightly closed stud books which exclude a horse from registration if it is found to contain any outside blood. However, Arabian breeding has also been used for centuries to add useful traits to countless other horse breeds. In the modern era, crossbreeding has been popular to combine the best traits of two different breeds, such as color, size, or ability to specialize in a particular equestrian discipline.
↑ Sevinga, Vrijenhoek, Hesselink, Barkema, Groen (April 2004). "Effect of inbreeding on the incidence of retained placenta in Friesian horses", Journal of Animal Science, volume 82, number 4, pages 982–986. American Society of Animal Science
↑ KFPS (See framelinked section "Plan Breeding committee"), Retrieved August 16, 2011
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