Battle of Hefei | |||||||
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Part of the wars of the Three Kingdoms period | |||||||
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Belligerents | |||||||
Cao Wei | Eastern Wu | ||||||
Commanders and leaders | |||||||
Man Chong | Sun Quan |
Battle of Hefei | |||||||
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Traditional Chinese | 合肥之戰 | ||||||
Simplified Chinese | 合肥之战 | ||||||
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The Battle of Hefei was fought between the contending states of Cao Wei and Eastern Wu in 233 during the Three Kingdoms period of China.
In 230,the Cao Wei state constructed a new fortress at Hefei to defend against its rival state of Wu. The fortress is referred to as "Xincheng" (新城;literally:"new city/fortress") in historical sources.
In 233,the Wu emperor Sun Quan led an army across the Yangtze River to attack Xincheng. However,as the fortress was located very inland,Sun Quan's forces remained on their ships for more than 20 days. Man Chong,the Wei general defending Xincheng,secretly sent 6,000 infantry and cavalry to wait in ambush near the river. When Sun Quan's forces set foot on land,they were suddenly attacked by the Wei army lying in ambush. Hundreds of Wu soldiers were killed while others drowned in the river as they attempted to flee. Sun Quan ordered a retreat after his defeat. He later sent Quan Cong to attack Lu'an,but Quan was unsuccessful and withdrew as well. [1]
Zhang Liao (169–222),courtesy name Wenyuan,was a Chinese military general serving under the warlord Cao Cao in the late Eastern Han dynasty of China. He served briefly in the state of Cao Wei,founded by Cao Cao's successor Cao Pi,in the early Three Kingdoms period before his death. Formerly a subordinate of other warlords such as Ding Yuan,Dong Zhuo and LüBu,Zhang Liao joined Cao Cao around 198 after LüBu's downfall at the Battle of Xiapi. Since then,he participated in many of Cao Cao's military campaigns,including those against Yuan Shao's heirs and the Wuhuan tribes from 201 to 207. He is best known for his pivotal role in the Battle of Xiaoyao Ford in 214–215,in which he successfully defended Hefei from the forces of the warlord Sun Quan.
Chen Wu,courtesy name Zilie,was a military general serving under the warlord Sun Quan in the late Eastern Han dynasty. He previously served under Sun Ce,Sun Quan's elder brother and predecessor.
Xu Sheng,courtesy name Wenxiang,was a military general serving under the warlord Sun Quan in the late Eastern Han dynasty and early Three Kingdoms period of China.
Zhuge Liang's Northern Expeditions were a series of five military campaigns launched by the state of Shu Han against the rival state of Cao Wei from 228 to 234 during the Three Kingdoms period in China. All five expeditions were led by Zhuge Liang,the Imperial Chancellor and regent of Shu. Although they proved unsuccessful and ended up as a stalemate,the expeditions have become some of the best known conflicts of the Three Kingdoms period and one of the few battles during it where each side fought against each other with hundreds of thousands of troops,as opposed to other battles where one side had a huge numerical advantage.
Man Chong,courtesy name Boning,was a Chinese military general and politician of the state of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms period of China. He previously served under the warlord Cao Cao during the late Eastern Han dynasty. He is best known for defending the city of Hefei from a series of invasions by Wei's rival state,Eastern Wu,between 230 and 235.
Meng Da,courtesy name Zidu,was a military general of the state of Cao Wei during the early Three Kingdoms period of China. He previously served the warlords Liu Zhang and Liu Bei during the late Eastern Han dynasty before defecting to Wei. In Wei,he served under the first two rulers,Cao Pi and Cao Rui. Around late 227,he started a rebellion in Wei and aimed to rejoin the Shu-Han but the revolt was swiftly suppressed by the Wei general Sima Yi. Meng Da was captured and executed for treason.
Wen Ping,courtesy name Zhongye,was a military general who lived during the late Eastern Han dynasty and Three Kingdoms period of China. During his tenure as a general under the warlord Cao Cao,he was credited with defeating the enemy general Guan Yu and defending Cao Cao's interests in Jiangxia Commandery from the eastern warlord Sun Quan.
The Empty Fort Strategy is the 32nd of the Chinese Thirty-Six Stratagems. The strategy involves using reverse psychology to deceive the enemy into thinking that an empty location is full of traps and ambushes,and therefore induce the enemy to retreat. Some examples are listed in the following sections.
Liu Shao,courtesy name Kongcai,was an official of the state of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms period of China. He often provided advice to the emperor Cao Rui,and was praised by Cao Rui for his good advice,even though Cao Rui did not frequently actually act on the advice. He also wrote poems to try to discourage Cao Rui from military and palace-building projects. When Sun Quan,the emperor of Wei's rival state Eastern Wu,led an army to attack the Wei stronghold at Hefei in 234,Liu Shao suggested to Cao Rui to send his forces to cut off Sun Quan's supply route rather than engage Sun Quan directly –a strategy that forced Sun Quan to withdraw.
Pan Zhang,courtesy name Wengui,was a military general serving under the warlord Sun Quan during the late Eastern Han dynasty of China. He continued serving in the state of Eastern Wu during the Three Kingdoms period until his death. Pan Zhang was praised by Chen Shou as one of the "twelve tiger minister of Jiangdong" (江東十二虎臣).
Zhang Te,courtesy name Zichan,was a military general of the state of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms period of China. He is best known for resisting an invasion by Wei's rival state,Eastern Wu,at the Battle of Hefei in 253.
The Xincheng Rebellion was a revolt that took place in the state of Cao Wei between late 227 and early 228 CE during the Three Kingdoms period. The rebellion was initiated by Meng Da,a former Shu Han general who defected to Wei and was placed in charge of Xincheng Commandery in Jing Province. The revolt was swiftly suppressed within a month by the Wei general Sima Yi. Meng Da was captured and executed.
The Battle of Hefei was fought between the warlords Cao Cao and Sun Quan between late 208 and early 209 in the late Eastern Han dynasty.
The Battle of Hefei,also known as the Battle of Hefei Xincheng,was fought between the contending states of Cao Wei and Eastern Wu from roughly June to September 234 during the Three Kingdoms period of China.
The Battle of Hefei,also known as the Battle of Hefei Xincheng,was fought between the contending states of Cao Wei and Eastern Wu from roughly April to August 253 during the Three Kingdoms period of China.
Zhu Huan (177–238),courtesy name Xiumu,was a military general of the state of Eastern Wu during the Three Kingdoms period of China. Although he started his career early under the warlord Sun Quan,he did not receive any important responsibilities until after the Battle of Jiangling in 209. Since then,Zhu Huan had taken charge of some local defences and successfully quelled a few rebellions. Between 222 and 225,when Cao Pi,the emperor of Wu's rival state Wei,launched a three-pronged invasion of Wu,Sun Quan appointed Zhu Huan as a military commander to resist the Wei invaders. Zhu Huan defeated the Wei general Cao Ren at the Battle of Ruxu (222–223).
The Battle of Dongkou was a naval battle fought between October 222 and January 223 between forces of the state of Cao Wei and the Kingdom of Wu during the Three Kingdoms period of China. The battle concluded in a Wu victory.
The Battle of Jiangling was fought between the forces of the state of Wei and the Kingdom of Wu in the early Three Kingdoms period of China. The battle,which took place around present-day Jiangling County,Hubei,was an integral part of the Wei emperor Cao Pi's three-pronged campaign against the Wu leader Sun Quan. It spanned a period of about six months from October 222 to April 223. Of the three fronts,the most critical Wei attacks were concentrated against the Wu fortress at Jiangling.
The Battle of Hefei was fought between the states of Cao Wei and Eastern Wu in 231 during the Three Kingdoms period.
Zhuge Rong,courtesy name Shuchang,was a military general of the state of Eastern Wu during the Three Kingdoms period of China. He was the third son of Zhuge Jin,a military general who served under Wu's founding emperor Sun Quan,and a younger brother of Zhuge Ke,a military general who briefly served as regent for Sun Quan's successor,Sun Liang.