Battle of Kiri Pathan (1714)

Last updated
Battle of Kiri Pathan
Part of Mughal–Sikh Wars
Date27 March 1714
Location
Kiri Pathan, Gurdaspur, Punjab
Result Sikh Victory
Belligerents
Kattar Dhal Talwar.png First Sikh State Alam of the Mughal Empire.svg Mughal Empire
Commanders and leaders
Kattar Dhal Talwar.png Banda Singh Bahadur
Kattar Dhal Talwar.png Jagat Singh
Alam of the Mughal Empire.svg Uman Ghazi
Alam of the Mughal Empire.svg Muhammad Is'haq 

The Battle of Kiri Pathan was fought on 27 March 1714 by the Sikh forces led by Jagat Singh and the Mughal forces led by Uman Ghazi.

Contents

Background

After Banda Singh and his followers were forced to vacate Sadhaura and Lohgarh after a long and tiring siege, all the garrison commanders of small villages started to fight against the Sikhs and cause troubles towards them. [1] Most of these commanders had gathered around at the village of Kiri Pathan. Because of this, all the Sikhs in Kahnuwan had all gathered under the leadership of Jagat Singh. [2]

Battle

On 27 March 1714, the Sikhs attacked Uman Ghazi, the chief of the village Kiri Pathan at his own village. They entered the fort of the Pathans and managed to slay them in large numbers. [3] An important commander named Muhamad Ishaq was killed in the course of the battle. [4] Booty worth 60,000 rupees in cash which belonged to all the residents of the village and the neighbouring village all were plundered by the Sikhs. [5]

Aftermath

2 weeks after this battle, Abdus Samad Khan and Zakariya Khan were ordered to go to Punjab and chastise all the Sikhs they could. [6]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bahadur Shah I</span> Mughal emperor from 1707 to 1712

Mirza Muhammad Mu'azzam, commonly known as Bahadur Shah I and Shah Alam I, was the eighth Mughal Emperor from 1707 to 1712. He was the second son of the sixth Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb, who he conspired to overthrow in his youth. He was also governor of the imperial provinces of Agra, Kabul and Lahore and had to face revolts of Rajputs and Sikhs.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Farrukhsiyar</span> Mughal emperor from 1713 to 1719

Farrukhsiyar, also spelled as Farrukh Siyar, was the tenth Mughal Emperor from 1713 to 1719. He rose to the throne after deposing his uncle Jahandar Shah. He was an emperor only in name, with all effective power in the hands of the courtier Sayyid brothers.

Guru Nanak founded the Sikh religion in the Punjab region of the northern part of the Indian subcontinent in the 15th century and opposed many traditional practices like fasting, janeu, idolatry, caste system, ascetism, azan, economic materialism, and gender discrimination.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Banda Singh Bahadur</span> Sikh warrior and general

Banda Singh Bahadur, was a Sikh warrior and a general of the Khalsa Army. At age 15, he left home to become an ascetic, and was given the name Madho Das Bairagi. He established a monastery at Nānded, on the bank of the river Godāvarī. In 1707, Guru Gobind Singh accepted an invitation to meet Mughal Emperor Bahadur Shah I in southern India, he visited Banda Singh Bahadur in 1708. Banda became disciple of Guru Gobind Singh and was given a new name, Gurbaksh Singh(as written in Mahan Kosh), after the baptism ceremony. He is popularly known as Banda Singh Bahadur. He was given five arrows by the Guru as a blessing for the battles ahead. He came to Khanda, Sonipat and assembled a fighting force and led the struggle against the Mughal Empire.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Binod Singh</span>

Binod Singh, a Trehan Khatri and a descendant of Guru Angad, was an army man and disciple of Guru Gobind Singh and was among few Sikhs who accompanied him to Nanded in 1706. In Budha Dal Chronicles, Guru Gobind Singh made Baba Binod Singh the head of the Khalsa.

The siege of Sirhind was fought between the Mughal Empire and Sikh forces in 1710. The Sikhs besieged, stormed, captured, plundered and razed the city of Sirhind after defeating and beheading Wazir Khan in the Battle of Chappar Chiri.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Battle of Gurdas Nangal</span>

The Battle of Gurdas Nangal took place in April 1715 between the Sikhs, led by Banda Singh Bahadur, and the Mughal Army, led by Abd al-Samad Khan. Banda, at that time was carrying out operations and small raids to the north of Amritsar. During these operations, the Mughal Army confronted the Sikhs. When confronted, the Sikhs moved northward taking shelter in the fort of Gurdaspur. It had been recently extended to accommodate 60,000 horses, and stores of food, grain and fodder had also been collected there. The Mughal Army converged upon the fort from three sides. The Delhi force of 20,000 men under Qamar-ud-din Khan advanced from the east. The Governor of Lahore’s troops, consisting of 10,000 men under Abd al-Samad Khan, marched from the south. Finally, Jammu troops numbering nearly 5,000, under Zakariya Khan, approached from the north. To the west of the fort was the River Ravi, which had no bridge over it. All the boats had been withdrawn to the opposite bank, which was closely guarded by numerous local chiefs and Mughal government officials. The Mughal pursuit made it so the Sikhs could not enter the fort at Gurdaspur. Thus, the Sikh army quickly turned west.

The Battle of Lohgarh was fought between the First Sikh State, and the Mughal Empire in 1710. The Mughal emperor Bahadur Shah's army moved towards Lohgarh, Bilaspur where they engaged with the Sikhs to capture the fort on 16 December 1710. The battle is noted for its use of guerilla tactics and being a pitched battle.

The Battle of Jammu was fought between the Sikhs under the command of Banda Singh Bahadur against the Mughal forces near the hills of Jammu on 22 January 1712. The Mughals were able to achieve victory against the Sikhs.

The Battle of Samana was fought between the Khalsa under the leadership of Banda Singh Bahadur and the Mughal Government of Samana in 1709. Following the battle, Banda Singh Bahadur shook the administration of Delhi.

The siege of Jalalabad occurred in 1710 between the Mughal forces of Jalal Khan and the Sikh forces of Banda Singh Bahadur. Banda Singh Bahadur attacked the Mughal stronghold of Jalalabad. The army opposing Banda Singh was composed of a sizeable number of the Mughal zamindars and shurafa, including many Sadat, Banda Singh Bahadur repelled Mughal and Pathan forces after four days from the battlefield and back into the town, but failed to capture the town and withdrew.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Battle of Chappar Chiri</span> 1710 conflict

The Battle of Chappar Chiri, also called Battle of Sirhind, was fought between Mughal Empire and the Sikhs on 12 May 1710 at Chappar Chiri, located 20 kilometers from Sirhind.

The Battle of Nirmohgarh was fought between Sikhs and the Mughal Empire in 1702.

The Battle of Sadhaura was fought between Sikhs and the Mughal, Sayyid, and Shaykh forces in Sadhaura in 1710. The imperial forces were defeated and took refuge behind the city's walls. Banda's forces captured the fort and levelled it to the ground. It resulted in a victory for the Sikhs where Banda Singh Bahadur defeated Osman Khan.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Battle of Rahon (1710)</span> About a battle fought between Sikhs and the Mughals

The Battle of Rahon was fought between Sikhs and Mughal Empire on 11 October 1710.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Khalsa Fauj</span> Sikh army and militia between 1699 – 1735

The Khalsa Fauj were the military forces of the Khalsa order of the Sikhs, established by the tenth guru, Guru Gobind Singh, in 1699. It replaced the Akal Sena that had been established by the sixth guru, Guru Hargobind.

The Battle of Saharanpur was fought between the Sikh and Gujjar forces led by Banda Singh Bahadur and the Mughal forces of Saharanpur

The Siege of Kotla Begum was fought in September 1710 between the Sikh forces and Mughal forces led by Mir Mohammad.

The Battle of Ropar was fought in May 1710 by the Sikh forces led by Banda Singh Bahadur and the Mughal forces led by Sher Mohammad Khan of Malerkotla.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">First Sikh State</span> Former country in South Asia (1709–1715)

The First Sikh State was a breakaway and short lived sovereign Sikh state during the 18th century in the Punjab region of the Indian subcontinent that existed from 1709 to 1715. It was established by Banda Singh Bahadur after the Battle of Samana and lasted until his defeat in the Battle of Gurdas Nangal.

References

  1. Institute of Sikh Studies (1997). Sikhism - Its Philosophy And History. Institute of Sikh Studies. p. 447. ISBN   9788185815039.
  2. Gurdev Singh Deol (1972). Banda Bahadur. p. 85.
  3. Harish Dhillon (May 2013). First Raj of the Sikhs. Hay House. ISBN   9789381398395.
  4. Sagoo, Harbans Kaur (2001). Banda Singh Bahadur and Sikh Sovereignty. Deep & Deep Publications. p. 212. ISBN   9788176293006.
  5. Surjit Singh Gandhi (1999). Sikhs In The Eighteenth Century. Singh Bros. p. 48. ISBN   9788172052171.
  6. Ganda Singh (1990). Life Of Banda Singh Bahadur Based On Contemporary And Original Records. Sikh Digital Library. p. 193.

See also