| Battle of Miranda | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part of the Paraguayan War | |||||||
| |||||||
| Belligerents | |||||||
 Empire of Brazil |  Paraguay | ||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||
| Baron of Ijuí | B. Caballero  | ||||||
| Strength | |||||||
| Unknown | Around 100 Infantry | ||||||
| Casualties and losses | |||||||
| Unknown | 40 killed, 54 captured | ||||||
The Battle of Miranda was the final battle of the Paraguayan War between Brazilian and Paraguayan soldiers from April 4 to 8, 1870 before the final organized Paraguayan force surrendered. [1]
Before the Battle of Cerro Corá on 1 March 1870, Solano López had ordered general Bernardino Caballero to look for cattle and horses in the Military Colony of Dourados , in Brazilian territory. [2] The Paraguayan general and about 100 soldiers crossed the Paraguayan-Brazilian border across the Apa River on February 12. The news of Solano López's defeat did not reach general Caballero, and he continued the search for provisions throughout March. During the Battle at Cerro Corá, a force detached from the column of general José Antônio Correia da Câmara, under the command of Bento Martins de Meneses, was assigned to close the siege of López on the Apa River, to prevent the Paraguayan president from escaping there. [3]
With López's death, the war was officially declared over. [4] However, colonel Martins' Brazilian forces turned against the Paraguayans who were in Brazilian territory. Bernardino Caballero was close to the Military Colony of Miranda on a farm known as Cândido Oliveira. On 4 April 1870, Brazilian troops found them there and launched an attack, defeating them and some remaining fleeing the battlefield. In the rush to flee, general Bernardino Caballero lost his sword as colonel Martins' forces went after the Paraguayans. A division of these forces, under the leadership of major Francisco Marques Xavier, encountered general Caballero and 54 remaining of his column near the village of Bela Vista on the 8th. [4] [5] Brazilian troops were preparing to attack when the Paraguayan general decided to surrender after being convinced of the death of marshal Solano López. These were the last Paraguayans to surrender. [4] [6] [7]
Francisco Solano López Carrillo was a Paraguayan military officer, politician and statesman who served as President of Paraguay between 1862 and 1870, of which he served mostly during the Paraguayan War (1864–1870). He succeeded his father Carlos Antonio López as the second president of Paraguay. Solano López is the only Paraguayan ruler to have been killed in action. He is one of only two Paraguayans to have received the rank of Marshal, along with José Félix Estigarribia.
The Paraguayan War, also known as the War of the Triple Alliance, was a South American war that lasted from 1864 to 1870. It was fought between Paraguay and the Triple Alliance of Argentina, the Empire of Brazil, and Uruguay. It was the deadliest and bloodiest inter-state war in Latin American history. Paraguay sustained large casualties, but the approximate numbers are disputed. Paraguay was forced to cede disputed territory to Argentina and Brazil. The war began in late 1864, as a result of a conflict between Paraguay and Brazil caused by the Uruguayan War. Argentina and Uruguay entered the war against Paraguay in 1865, and it then became known as the "War of the Triple Alliance."
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The Battle of Perecué, also known as Battle of Tayí Island, was an armed action that occurred during the Paraguayan War. Paraguayan general Bernardino Caballero's troops launched guerrilla-style raids on the Allied encampment in the Tayí area, near the Humaitá Fortress. The Marquis of Caxias, Luís Alves de Lima e Silva, who had replaced Bartolomé Mitre in the supreme command of allied troops, learned of the Paraguayan presence in the area and prepared a counterattack on his enemies, failing in this action that resulted in a pyrrhic victory of the Paraguayans.
José Antônio Correia da Câmara, 2nd Viscount of Pelotas was a Brazilian Marshal, noble, and politician who was notable for his participation in the Battle of Cerro Corá in the Paraguayan War.
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The Conference of Yataytí Corá, also referred to as the Interview of Yataytí Corá, was a meeting that took place on 12 September 1866, in Yataytí Corá, with the purpose of discussing a peace proposal to end the Paraguayan War. The meeting was fruitless due to the absolute opposition of the Empire of Brazil in making peace with Paraguay without unconditional surrender.
The Humaitá campaign or the Cuadrilátero campaign was the third, longest and deadliest campaign of the Paraguayan War. The campaign lasted from 16 April 1866 to 5 August 1868. After the initial Paraguayan success in the Mato Grosso campaign and its failure in the Corrientes campaign, the armed forces of the Triple Alliance, Argentina, the Empire of Brazil and Uruguay, invaded the south of Paraguay. At a very short distance, they found the Paraguayan defensive device made up of four fortifications, the so-called "Cuadrilátero", which obstructed the passage to Asunción both by land and by the Paraguay River. A long series of battles cost huge numbers of casualties on both sides, with operations coming to a complete halt after the allied defeat at the Battle of Curupayty. Casualties on both sides were even higher from disease than from battle due to a cholera epidemic which was added to the appalling food and sanitary conditions.
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The assault on the battleship Barroso and the monitor Rio Grande, also known as assault on the battleships at Tagy, was a Paraguayan naval operation carried out during the Paraguayan War. The Imperial Brazilian Navy was present in the main actions of the allied forces. President Francisco Solano López knew of the threat that the navy posed and wanted to capture some of its ships, the ironclads. The seizure was also seen as a form of compensation for the losses incurred as a result of the war. Assault plans were created and executed in 1868.
The Brazilian ironclad Colombo was a Cabral-class armored corvette-type ironclad operated by the Imperial Brazilian Navy between 1866 and 1875. The vessel was built in the shipyard in Greenwich, England, by the British company J. and G. Rennie, along with her sister ship Cabral. It was launched in 1865 being commissioned on 4 July 1866. The battleship was entirely made of iron, displacing 1,069 tons. It had two steam engines that developed up to 750 HP of power, propelling the vessel at about 20 km/h. Its structure comprised a double casemate with eight gunports. The Brazilian navy had great difficulties with this ship, which was hard to navigate and, due to the casemate's model, had an unprotected section, which was vulnerable to diving projectiles.
Mariz e Barros was an ironclad, or armored corvette, of the Mariz e Barros class operated by the Imperial Brazilian Navy. The ship was originally built for the Paraguayan Navy, but was not delivered as the country was unable to pay due to the Paraguayan war. The Empire of Brazil eventually acquired her in 1865, and she was renamed Mariz e Barros in honor of Lieutenant-Captain Antônio Carlos de Mariz e Barros, who died in battle.
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