| Battle of Tatartup | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part of Sheikh Mansur Movement | |||||||
| |||||||
| Belligerents | |||||||
 Russian Empire | |||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||
| Sheikh Mansur | Larion Nagel | ||||||
| Strength | |||||||
| 20,000 | 4,000
| ||||||
| Casualties and losses | |||||||
| 200 | 60 | ||||||
The Battle of Tatartup took place on 21 November 1785 between the Russian Empire and several North Caucasian nations led by Sheikh Mansur and ended in a second major defeat for the latter, which led to most of his soldiers leaving him, after which he took refuge in Anapa. [1]
After the defeat at Malka, the Russian Empire planned the complete destruction of the resistance movement Sheikh Mansur caused across the North Caucasus. A special unit was organized under the command of Colonel Nagel. This unit was composed of two regiments from Moscow, a rifle battalion, two squadrons from Kabardia and Selenga, and 300 Don and Greben Cossacks. On 21 November 1785, Colonel Nagel invaded Small Kabardia. [2] [1]
Having heard of the approach of the Russian army, Sheikh Mansur organized a small unit of Chechens, Kabardians, Kumyks and Dagestanis. The two sides met at the Tatartup fortress near the Malka River. During the fierce fighting that ensued, both sides suffered heavy casualties, and both Mansur and Nagel planned to withdraw their troops from the battle. Mansur first gave the order of retreat, and his troops returned home, while he took refuge in Anapa. [3] [1]
The result of this defeat was heavy for Mansur, because many of his supporters, amongst Kabardins, Kumyks and Daghestanis, lost their confidence in him, left Mansur and asked for forgiveness from the Tsarina of Russia. At the beginning of 1786, Dol Mudarov, Psheh of Small Kabardia and faithful supporter of Mansur was captured by the Russian army. [2] [1]
Although most of his men left him, Sheikh Mansur continued waging Guerrilla warfare against Russian soldiers, numbering an army of 600. [1]
Sheikh Mansur was a Chechen military commander and Islamic leader who led an anti-Russian North Caucasian resistance, known as the Sheikh Mansur Movement. He was influential in the resistance against Catherine the Great's imperialist expansion into the Caucasus during the late 18th century. Sheikh Mansur is considered the first leader of the resistance in the North Caucasus against Russian imperialism. He remains a hero of the Chechen and North Caucasian peoples in general, and their struggle for independence.
Grand Principality of Great Kabarda or East Circassia was a historical country in the North Caucasus corresponding partly to the modern Kabardino-Balkaria. It had better political organization than its neighbors and existed as a political community from the fifteenth century until it came under Russian control in the early nineteenth century after the Russo-Circassian War.
The Russo-Circassian War, also known as the Russian invasion of Circassia, was the invasion of Circassia by Russia, starting in 1763 (O.S) with the Russian Empire assuming authority in Circassia, followed by the Circassian refusal, and ending 100 years, 10 months and 6 days later with the last army of Circassia defeated on 21 May 1864 (O.S), making it exhausting and casualty-heavy for both sides. The Russo-Circassian War was the longest war both Russia and Circassia have ever fought and the longest war in the Caucasus region.
The Battle of Aldy, also known as the Battle of the Sunzha River was a failed military expedition launched by the Russian Empire with the aim of capturing Sheikh Mansur, who, through his speeches and teachings had gained a wide following the North Caucasus, especially in his hometown Aldy. His teachings on Jihad ("Gazavat") and his idea of the unification of the North Caucasian tribes under a single Islamic state concerned the Russian administration, who, as a result, sent a 3,000 strong force under Nikolai de Pieri in order to capture him.
The Chechen–Russian conflict was the centuries-long ethnic and political conflict, often armed, between the Russian, Soviet and Imperial Russian governments and various Chechen forces. The recent phase of the conflict started after the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 and ended with the oppression of Chechen separatist leaders and crushing of the separatist movement in the republic proper in 2017.
The Battle of the Urup River, also known as the Battle of Jilehoy was a confrontation between Russian troops led by General Maxim Rebinder and Circassian, Abazin and Kipchak Turkic fighters led by Sheikh Mansur. Although victorious at first, after the arrival of Russian reinforcements, Mansur and his fighters were forced to retreat.
The siege of Anapa or the storming of Anapa was a siege that took place on July 3, 1791, when the Russian Empire attacked the Turkish-regulated Anapa fort in Circassia as part of the Russo-Turkish War and the Russo-Circassian War.
Russian–Kumyk wars — a series of military conflicts between the Russian Tsardom and the Kumyk Tarki Shamkhalate and other Kumyk states and feudal possessions during the 16th–18th centuries. At the end of the 18th century, as well as during and after the Caucasian War, and throughout the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th centuries, conflicts continued in the form of uprisings in Shamkhalate, Northern Kumykia, Southern Kumykia, and in the form of anti-colonial protests of individual villages (societies). In the result of these wars and uprisings, some Kumyk areas and villages were destroyed several times over.
The Battle of Grigoriopolis, or the siege of Grigoriopolis was a 2 day long siege of the Grigoripolis Redoubt by Sheikh Mansur's forces which ultimately failed and forced the North Caucasians to retreat.
The Battle of the Malka River, also known as the Battle of Grigoriopolis took place on 30 October 1785, between the Russian Empire and the forces of Sheikh Mansur. The 5 hour–long battle ended in no deciding victory for either side.
The siege of Kizlyar in July 1785 was the second major confrontation between the Russian Empire and the forces of Sheikh Mansur. The North Caucasians hoped to capture the fortress of Kizlyar, which was the Russian economic center of the North Caucasus. After fierce fighting, they failed however as the fortress was well fortified and defended. After retreating, the Russian command sent the Tomsk infantry to attack the rebels as a show of strength and also to push them away from Kizlyar, but the regiment was forced to retreat with heavy losses, ending the 4 day long Siege of Kizlyar in no deciding victory for either side.
The siege of Kizlyar in August 1785 was the second and final attempt of Chechen forces and Kumyk allies led by Sheikh Mansur to capture the Kizlyar fortress.
The Battle of Kachkalikov, also known as the Battle of Ghachalq, was a surprise attack conducted by Chechen fighters of the Kachkalikov clan led by Ibba-Mullah, on a Russian army led by Colonel Savalyev on January 17, 1787.
The Battle of Endirey was a major confrontation between the Russian Empire and its allies with the Chechens and Kumyks and took place in a gorge on the Aktash River near Endirey. An army sent led by Brigadier Andrei Veterani was encircled by a combined Chechen–Kumyk force, as a result of which the corps was defeated and forced to retreat. Another detachment under Colonel Naumov broke into Endirey and destroyed it.
The Anapa campaign (1787) was a military expedition launched by the Russians to capture the fortress of Anapa. The Russians failed to capture the fort.
The Anapa Campaign in the winter of 1790 was a military expedition launched by Russia to capture the fortress of Anapa. The expedition failed.
The Attack on Karginsk took place on 14 July 1785. Sheikh Mansur attacked Karginsk Redoubt with his army of North Caucasians before advancing on Kizlyar, which ended in a success for the former and his capture and looting of the redoubt. The attack was the first victory of Sheikh Mansur outside of Chechnya.
The Sheikh Mansur Movement, also known as the 1785–1791 Insurgency in the North Caucasus, was a major war between the Russian Empire and the North Caucasians, caused by the Chechen religious and military leader Sheikh Mansur, who opposed the Russian expansionist policies and wanted to unite the North Caucasians under one, single, Islamic state.
The Battle of the Tokhtamysh River, also known as the Battle of the Abazinka River, was a major battle between the Ottoman forces and the North Caucasians with a Russian army led by Johann Hermann von Fersen. The battle ended in a major Russian victory and forced the Ottomans and North Caucasians to flee. The main commander of the combined army, Batal Hussein Pasha, was captured, however, according to some sources, Batal surrendered himself without a fight to the Russians and betrayed his army.
The siege of Anapa of 1788 was a major confrontation between the North Caucasians led by Sheikh Mansur and Turkish troops led by the commander of Anapa, Tatal-Bey, with a Russian force led by General Peter Tekeli. During the battle, the Russian army managed to force the Turks and North Caucasians into the fortress, after which they began besieging it. However, according to General Tekeli, the Russian army was not ready to storm Anapa yet, and if they managed to capture fortress, it would be difficult to hold. Thus, the Russian troops retreated from Anapa on October 15, 1788, and, except for minor skirmishes with Circassian mountaineers, the iege of Anapa was the last major battle of the campaign and the year 1788 as a whole.
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