Li Zongren or Li Tsung-jen, courtesy name Delin, was a prominent Guangxi warlord and Kuomintang (KMT) military commander during the Northern Expedition, Second Sino-Japanese War and Chinese Civil War. He served as vice-president and acting President of the Republic of China under the 1947 Constitution.
Bai Chongxi was a Chinese general in the National Revolutionary Army of the Republic of China (ROC) and a prominent Chinese Nationalist leader. He was of Hui ethnicity and of the Muslim faith. From the mid-1920s to 1949, Bai and his close ally Li Zongren ruled Guangxi province as regional warlords with their own troops and considerable political autonomy. His relationship with Chiang Kai-shek was at various times antagonistic and cooperative. He and Li Zongren supported the anti-Chiang warlord alliance in the Central Plains War in 1930, then supported Chiang in the Second Sino-Japanese War and the Chinese Civil War. Bai was the first defense minister of the Republic of China from 1946-48. After losing to the Communists in 1949, he fled to Taiwan, where he died in 1966.
Zhang FakuiCBE was a Chinese Nationalist general who fought against northern warlords, the Imperial Japanese Army and Chinese Communist forces in his military career. He served as commander-in-chief of the 8th Army Group and commander-in-chief of NRA ground force before retiring in Hong Kong in 1949.
The Central Plains War was a series of military campaigns in 1929 and 1930 that constituted a Chinese civil war between the Nationalist Kuomintang government in Nanjing led by Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek and several regional military commanders and warlords that were former allies of Chiang.
Chen Jitang, also spelled Chen Chi-tang, was born into a Hakka Chinese family in Fangcheng, Guangxi. He joined the Chinese Revolutionary Alliance in 1908 and began serving in the Guangdong Army in 1920, rising from battalion to brigade commander. He was designated commander of the 11th Division within the 4th Army in 1925 and took up the garrison of Qinzhou City in Guangxi in 1926, thus staying in the south during the Northern Expedition. In 1928 he was made Commander of the 4th Route Army.
Huang Shaohong was a warlord in Guangxi province and governed Guangxi as part of the New Guangxi Clique through the latter part of the Warlord era, and a leader in later years of the Republic of China.
The Nanjing decade is an informal name for the decade from 1927 to 1937 in the Republic of China. It began when Nationalist Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek took Nanjing from Zhili clique warlord Sun Chuanfang halfway through the Northern Expedition in 1927. Chiang declared it to be the national capital despite the existence of a left-wing Nationalist government in Wuhan. The Wuhan faction gave in and the Northern Expedition continued until the Beiyang government in Beijing was overthrown in 1928. The decade ended with the outbreak of the Second Sino-Japanese War in 1937 and the retreat of the Nationalist government to Wuhan. GDP growth averaged 3.9 per cent a year from 1929 to 1941 and per capita GDP about 1.8 per cent.
After the founding of the Republic of China, Guangxi served as the base for one of the most powerful warlord cliques of China: the Old Guangxi clique. Led by Lu Rongting (陆荣廷) and others, the clique was able to take control of neighbouring Hunan and Guangdong provinces as well. The Old Guangxi clique crumbled in the early 1920s, and was replaced by the New Guangxi clique, led by Li Zongren, Huang Shaohong, and Bai Chongxi.
The Fujian People's Government is the common name for the People's Revolutionary Government of the Republic of China (1933–1934), also known as the Fujian People's Government, was a short-lived anti-Kuomintang government in the Chinese Republic's Fujian Province. The rebellion that led to its formation and its collapse are known as the Fujian Incident or Fujian Rebellion.
Li Hanhun, courtesy name Bohao (伯豪) and assumed name Nanhua (南華) was a Chinese (Kuomintang) general from Wuchuan, Guangdong. He participated in the Northern Expedition and Second Sino-Japanese War, in which he served with distinction. A portrayal of his conduct as a frontline commander in 1938 can be found in chapter 3 of Freda Utley’s China at War. For the later War years 1939-1945, he served as Chair (governor) of the Guangdong provincial government. His last role in public life was as Interior Minister during the acting-presidency of Li Zongren, the last Kuomintang administration in mainland China
The Yunnan–Guangxi War was a war of succession fought for control of the Chinese Nationalist Party after the death of Sun Yat-sen in 1925. It was launched by the Yunnan clique against the party leadership and the New Guangxi clique.
Li Jishen (simplified Chinese: 李济深; traditional Chinese: 李濟深; pinyin: Lǐ Jìshēn; Wade–Giles: Li3 Ch'i4-shen1; 5 November 1885 – 9 October 1959) was a Chinese military commander and statesman. He served as commander of the Fourth Army of the Republic of China, governor of Guangdong, military affairs commissioner, and acting president of the Whampoa Military Academy. After opposing Chiang Kai-shek and being expelled from the Kuomintang in 1947, he became one of the six Vice Chairmen of the Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China with that government's founding on October 1, 1949.
Events from the year 1929 in China.
The Battle of Humen-Shijing was fought on November 18, 1927 between the supporters of Li Jishen and Zhang Fakui within the Guangdong Army. It was the first of many internal conflicts within the Kuomintang and China in the aftermath of Chiang Kai-shek's successes in the Northern Expedition.
The Second Battle of Guangzhou was fought between the rival armies of the Liangguang region in Southern China as part of the internal conflicts within the Kuomintang leading up to the Central Plains War. The previous month, the New Guangxi clique had fought the Sichuan clique at the Battle of Yichang in Hubei. The forces of the New Guangxi clique attacked Guangzhou from both their home province of Guangxi as well as Jiangxi. Guangdong forces captured a brigade commander of the New Guangxi clique's army.
The Second Battle of Guilin was fought between the invading Hunan Army, allied to the forces of Chiang Kai-shek, and the forces of the New Guangxi clique personally commanded by Li Zongren. Li was facing a second invasion by the forces of the Yunnan Army targeted at Nanning. Li was forced to withdraw his forces from Guilin.
The Wuhan nationalist government, also known as the Wuhan government, Wuhan regime, or Hankow government, was a left-wing nationalist government of China led first by Eugene Chen, and later by Wang Jingwei, that was based in Wuhan from 5 December 1926 to 21 September 1927. Following the capture of Wuhan during the Northern Expedition, the existing Kuomintang (KMT) government, which had been based in Guangzhou, moved there in December 1926. In April 1927, after National Revolutionary Army (NRA) commander-in-chief Chiang Kai-shek purged communists and leftists in the "Shanghai massacre", the Wuhan government split from Chiang in what is known as the "Nanjing–Wuhan split". Chiang subsequently formed his own government in Nanjing. While Chiang continued the Northern Expedition on his own, increasing tensions between communists and the KMT in the Wuhan government resulted in a new purge of communists from that government, and an eventual reconciliation with the Nanjing faction, after which the government moved to Nanjing.
Da Cheng was a rebel state that existed in Guangxi, southern China, from 1855 to 1864.
The Battle of Guiping took place on June 21, 1929, and was located in the western part of Guangxi, China. It was one of the civil war battles that took place inside the National Revolutionary Army. The warring sides of Guiping's battle, one was the Li Mingrui Division of the 15th Division of the National Army, and the other was the Wei Yunsong Brigade of the New Guangxi clique.
The Chiang-Gui War was a military conflict between the Nationalist government of Chiang Kai-shek against the warlord army of Guangxi that lasted from March until June 1929. A later conflict, the 2nd Chiang Gui-War, occurred between the two opposing factions in November and December of the same year.
