There are many different translations of the Bible into Burmese (also known as the Myanmar language).
Adoniram Judson made the first complete translation of the Bible from the original languages into Burmese, completed by 31 January 1834. [1] After this, he continued to revise it. He completed a revision of the Old Testament on 26 September 1835, a revision of the New Testament on 22 March 1837, and a revision of the entire Bible, published in quarto format, on 24 October 1840. [2]
Judson was a Baptist when he performed his translation work, [3] and his Bible translation is considered by some to be associated with the denomination's beliefs. [4] [5]
The Judson Bible is available in the YouVersion app, the Bible Society of Myanmar app, and on multiple websites, including Bible.com and the Bible Society of Myanmar website. [6]
A translation by U Tun Nyein, a government translator, of the New Testament from the English Revised Version was published by Hanthawaddy Press in 1903. [7] [8] This was later revised and published by the British and Foreign Bible Society in 1909. [7] [9]
Another complete translation from Hebrew and Greek was started in 1923. [10] It was published by the British and Foreign Bible Society and translated by Charles Edward Garrad, William Sherratt and George Kya Bin. [10] It is generally believed to have been completed in 1926 and published in 1927. [10] [11] [12] It is claimed to be mainly used within the Anglican denomination. [13] Garrad was a distinguished scholar. He won many prizes while an undergraduate at Jesus College, Cambridge. He later became a fellow of Clare College, Cambridge (1900-1906). He was also Vice-Principal of Westcott House, Clergy Training College, Cambridge (1902–06). [14] In 1906 he left England to become a missionary in Burma. Due to ill health he returned to England in 1932. He became the vicar of Barrow Gurney in Somerset where he continued to revise his translation. He died in 1958 in Crewkerne in Somerset.
The New Testament might be a revision of the Tun Nyein translation. [9]
Garrad continued to document corrections to this translation after its publication. [10] Andrew Garrad, his grandson, and Anne Carter, his daughter, initiated the incorporation of these into the translation. [10] This work was completed in 2012 and defined as a new edition of the translation. [10] Garrad's translation is available in the Bible Society of Myanmar app.
Anne Carter has written an account of her family's time in Burma in her book "Bewtiched by Burma - A unique insight into Burma's complex past". It tells a vivid and often humorous tale of the challenges of life in Burma faced by early Anglican missionaries. [15] Garrad's other daughter, Elizabeth Anderson, who was born in Burma, published a novel "Under Running Laughter. Burma - The Hidden Heart" which is based on the family's experiences in Burma. [16] Liz Anderson also described her own experience as a doctor working with her husband Tim Anderson in post Pol Pot Cambodia in "Red Lights and Lizards - A Cambodian Adventure" [17]
Revision of the Judson translation by John McGuire and others began around 1904. [18] It was published by American Baptist Mission Press in 1933. [9] [19]
Due to changes in the Burmese language since the Judson translation, work on a new one began in 1966. [20] The translation was done by U Sein Pe and others. The complete Bible was published in 2005. [13] [20]
This translation was translated from the Good News Bible, which is an English translation, with the intention of using modern Burmese. [20]
The Common Language Bible is available in the YouVersion app, the Bible Society of Myanmar app, Bible.com, and the Bible Society of Myanmar website.
A revision of the Judson translation was published in 2006 by unknown authors. [13] Apparently the key change is the way the word "eagle" is translated. [13] However, this translation has been criticised for showing signs of being done hastily and without sufficient grounds for the changes. [13]
World Bible Translation Center, part of Bible League International, has produced a translation of the New Testament called "Easy-to-Read" version. [21] This translation is said to be translated from the original languages to common, basic Burmese. [22] Its translation method is equivalent to the English version with the same name. [22] As the name implies, the translation process emphasised and prioritised convenient readability. [22]
Myanmar Standard Bible (New Testament) was published by the Global Bible Initiative in January 2014. The translation for the Old Testament is in progress and the book of Psalms, Proverbs and Ecclesiastes have been released in electronic versions such as YouVersion app and Myanmar Standard Bible app for Android on Google Play store, in Zawgyi font and Unicode formats.
The New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures was released in Myanmar language by the Watch Tower Society in 2017. [23] Unlike other Bible translations it is translated from English.
Translation | John 3:16 | |
---|---|---|
English (KJV) | For God so loved the world, that he gave his only begotten Son, that whosoever believeth in him shall not perish, but have everlasting life. | |
Judson | ဘုရားသခင်၏သားတော်ကို ယုံကြည်သောသူအပေါင်းတို့သည်၊ ပျက်စီးခြင်းသို့မရောက်၊ ထာဝရအသက်ကို ရစေခြင်းငှါ၊ ဘုရားသခင်သည် မိမိ၌ တပါးတည်းသော သားတော်ကို စွန့်တော်မူသည်တိုင်အောင် လောကီသားကို ချစ်တော်မူ၏။ | |
Garrad | ဘုရားသခင်သည် သားတော်ကိုယုံကြည်သူတိုင်းမပျက်စီးဘဲ ထာဝရအသက်ရစေခြင်းငှာ၊ ဧကပုတ္တသားတော်ကိုအပ်ပေးသည့်တိုင်အောင် ဤလောကသားတို့အား မေတ္တာသက်တော်မူ၏။ | |
Common Language | ဘုရားသခင်သည်လောကသားတို့ကိုလွန်စွာ ချစ်တော်မူသဖြင့် သားတော်အားယုံကြည်သူ အပေါင်းတို့သည်ပျက်စီးဆုံးပါးခြင်းမရှိ ဘဲ ထာဝရအသက်ကိုရစေခြင်းငှာ မိမိ ၏တစ်ပါးတည်းသောသားတော်ကိုစွန့်တော် မူ၏။- | |
Easy-to-Read | ဘုရားသခင်သည် လောကီသားတို့ကို အလွန်ချစ်တော်မူ၍ သူ၌ တစ်ပါးတည်းသောသားတော်ကို ပေးတော်မူ၏။ ဘုရားသခင်သည် သားတော်ကို ပေးတော်မူသည် ဖြစ်သောကြောင့် သားတော်ကို ယုံကြည်သောသူအပေါင်းတို့သည် ပျက်စီးခြင်းသို့ မရောက်၊ ထာဝရအသက်ကိုရစေခြင်းငှါ ဖြစ်၏။- | |
Myanmar Standard Bible | ဘုရားသခင်သည် မိမိ၏တစ်ပါးတည်းသောသားတော်ကို စွန့်တော်မူသည့်တိုင်အောင် လောကီသားတို့ကိုချစ်တော်မူ၏။ ဤသည်ကား သားတော်ကိုယုံကြည်သောသူတိုင်း မပျက်စီးဘဲ ထာဝရအသက်ကိုရရှိစေရန်ဖြစ်၏။- | |
New World Translation | ဘုရားသခင်က လူ့လောကကို အလွန်ချစ်တယ်။ ဒါကြောင့် မိမိရဲ့သားကို ယုံကြည်သက်ဝင်သူတိုင်း ဖျက်ဆီးမခံရဘဲ ထာဝရအသက်ရနိုင်ဖို့ အဲဒီတစ်ဦးတည်းသော သားကိုတောင် ပေးအပ်ခဲ့တယ်။ |
The New International Version (NIV) is a translation of the Bible into contemporary English. Published by Biblica, the complete NIV was released on October 27, 1978 with a minor revision in 1984 and a major revision in 2011. The NIV relies on recently-published critical editions of the original Hebrew, Aramaic, and Greek texts.
The Revised Standard Version (RSV) is an English translation of the Bible published in 1952 by the Division of Christian Education of the National Council of the Churches of Christ in the USA. This translation itself is a revision of the American Standard Version (ASV) of 1901, and was intended to be a readable and literally accurate modern English translation which aimed to "preserve all that is best in the English Bible as it has been known and used through the centuries" and "to put the message of the Bible in simple, enduring words that are worthy to stand in the great Tyndale-King James tradition."
Adoniram Judson was an American Congregationalist and later Particular Baptist missionary, who worked in Burma for almost forty years. At the age of 25, Judson was sent from North America to preach in Burma. His mission and work with Luther Rice led to the formation of the first Baptist association in America to support missionaries.
The New English Bible (NEB) is an English translation of the Bible. The New Testament was published in 1961 and the Old Testament (with the Apocrypha) was published on 16 March 1970. In 1989, it was significantly revised and republished as the Revised English Bible.
Parts of the Bible have been translated into Welsh since at least the 15th century, but the most widely used translation of the Bible into Welsh for several centuries was the 1588 translation by William Morgan, Y Beibl cyssegr-lan sef Yr Hen Destament, a'r Newydd as revised in 1620. The Beibl Cymraeg Newydd was published in 1988 and revised in 2004. Beibl.net is a translation in colloquial Welsh which was completed in 2013.
Francis Wayland was an American Baptist minister, educator and economist. He was president of Brown University and pastor of the First Baptist Church in America in Providence, Rhode Island. In Washington, D.C., Wayland Seminary was established in 1867, primarily to educate former slaves, and was named in his honor.
Thomas Jefferson Conant was an American Biblical scholar.
Ann Hasseltine Judson, nicknamed "Nancy", was one of the first female American foreign missionaries.
Sarah Hall Judson was an American missionary and writer.
Since the arrival of Christianity in China, the Bible has been translated into many varieties of the Chinese language, both in fragments and in its totality. The first translations may have been undertaken as early as the 7th century AD, but the first printed translations appeared only in the nineteenth century. Progress on a modern translation was encumbered by denominational rivalries, theological clashes, linguistic disputes, and practical challenges at least until the publication of the Protestant Chinese Union Version in 1919, which became the basis of standard versions in use today.
Adoniram Judson "A. J." Gordon (1836–1895) was an American Baptist preacher, writer, composer, and founder of Gordon College and Gordon–Conwell Theological Seminary.
The history of Bible translations into Albanian can be divided into early and modern translations.
Karen Baptist Convention is an association of Baptist Christian churches in Myanmar. The headquarters is in Yangon. It is affiliated with the Myanmar Baptist Convention. Leaderships in the organization are for a three-year term and can only be re-elected for two more terms if they do not reach the age of 60 years at the end of next three-year term. It has 20 associations. KBC is doing mission works not only in Karen people but also to other tribes and races. KBC maintains one press called the Go Forward Press. KBC also operates [Karen Baptist Theological Seminary] and Karen Baptist Convention's Hospital at Insein, Yangon.
Translations of the Bible into Irish were first printed and published in the 17th century: the New Testament, the Tiomna Nuadh, in 1602, the Old Testament, the Sean Thiomna, in 1685, and the entire Bible, the Biobla in 1690.
The modern Vietnamese alphabet chữ Quốc ngữ was created by Portuguese and Italian Jesuit missionaries and institutionalized by Alexandre de Rhodes with the first printing of Catholic texts in Vietnamese in 1651, but not the Bible. Some New Testament extracts were translated and printed in catechisms in Thailand in 1872.
The modern Hindi and Urdu standards are highly mutually intelligible in colloquial form, but use different scripts when written, and have lesser mutually intelligibility in literary forms. The history of Bible translations into Hindi and Urdu is closely linked, with the early translators of the Hindustani language simply producing the same version with different scripts: Devanagari and Nastaliq, as well as Roman.
The history of Bible translations into the Tamil language commences with the arrival of Bartholomäus Ziegenbalg at Tranquebar in 1706.Johann Philipp Fabricius, a German, revised Ziegenbalg's and others work to produce the standard Tamil version. Seventy years after Fabricius, at the invitation of Peter Percival a Saiva scholar, Arumuka Navalar, produced a "tentative" translation, which is known as the "Navalar version," and was largely rejected by Tamil Protestants.
The Bible has been translated into many of the languages of China besides Chinese. These include major minority languages with their own literary history, including Korean, Mongolian, Tibetan, Kazakh, Kyrgyz, Russian and Uyghur. The other languages of China are mainly tribal languages, mainly spoken in Yunnan in Southwest China.
The entire Bible was published in Thai in 1894 and there are currently several translations of the Bible in the Thai language.
The Myanmar Standard Bible (MSB) is an upcoming translation of the Bible in Myanmar language produced by Global Bible Initiative using translation tools developed by GBI. The project was started in January 2007.
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