Bidar Sultanate

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Sultanate of Bidar
1492–1619
Bidar Sultanate in the 1525, with neighbouring polities. [1]
Capital Bidar
Common languages Persian (official) [2]
Deccani Urdu, Kannada
Religion
Sunni Islam [3]
GovernmentMonarchy
Sultan  
• 1489 – 1504
Qasim Barid I
• 1609 – 1619
Amir Barid Shah III (last)
History 
• Established
1492
• Disestablished
1619
CurrencyMohur
Preceded by
Succeeded by
Blank.png Bahmani Sultanate
Bijapur Sultanate Blank.png
Today part ofIndia

The Sultanate of Bidar was an early modern Indian polity that ruled a territory in the central Deccan centred at Bidar. [4] As one of the Deccan sultanates, the sultanate's initial territory corresponded to that of one of the five provinces of the Bahmani Sultanate, and under the rule of Qasim Barid I in 1492 assumed de facto control of state affairs of the Bahmani Sultanate. Leadership passed to his sons; Amir Barid I in 1504 and Ali Barid Shah I in 1542. Starting from the 1580s as a result of Ali's death, a wave of successions occurred in the rulership of the dynasty which ended in 1609 under the last sultan, Amir Barid III. He was eventually defeated in 1619 by Ibrahim Adil Shah II of the Sultanate of Bijapur, who annexed the territory of the Bidar Sultanate into his realm.

Contents

History

Tombs of the Bidar Shahi sultans at Barid Shahi Park in Bidar Barid Shahi 05.jpg
Tombs of the Bidar Shahi sultans at Barid Shahi Park in Bidar

Qasim Barid and Amir Barid

The sultanate was founded in 1492 by Qasim Barid I, [5] who was a Turk [6] [7] [8] [9] or Georgian and enslaved by Turks. [10] He joined the service of the Bahmani Sultan Muhammad Shah III. He started his career as a sar-naubat, and was made kotwal of Bidar by Nizam-ul-Mulk Bahri for helping the Deccanis in the massacre of the foreign population at Bidar. [11] However, he later became the mir-jumla (prime minister) of the Bahmani sultanate. During the reign of Mahmood Shah Bahmani II (r. 1482 – 1518), he became the de facto ruler of the Bahmani Sultanate. [12]

After the death of Mahmud Shah Bahmani in 1518, he was succeeded by four sultans, one after another, but they were mere puppets in the hands of Amir Barid. [13] [14]

When the last Bahmani ruler Kalimullah fled to Bidar in 1527, Amir Barid I became practically independent, as his de jure suzerain's state ceased to exist. [12] However, he never assumed any royal title. [15]

Ali Barid Shah

In 1542, Amir was succeeded by his son Ali Barid Shah I, who was the first to assume the royal title of Shah. [16] Ali Barid joined the other Deccan sultans in the Battle of Talikota against the Vijayanagar Empire in January 1565. [17]

Later rulers

After his death in 1580, Ali Barid was succeeded by his son Ibrahim Barid, who ruled for seven years until his death in 1587. [18] He was succeeded by his younger brother Qasim Barid II. [19] After his death in 1591, he was succeeded by his infant son Ali Barid II, who was soon dethroned by one of his relative, Amir Barid II. In 1601, he was also overthrown by one of his relative, Mirza Ali Barid.

In 1609, he was succeeded by the last ruler, Amir Barid III, [19] who fought against the Mughals in 1616 under the leadership of Malik Ambar. In 1619, he was defeated by the Bijapur sultan Ibrahim Adil Shah II. Bidar was annexed to Bijapur sultanate. Amir Barid III and his sons were brought to Bijapur and kept "under surveillance". [20]

Culture

The rulers patronized Persianate culture. Persian poetry is inscribed on their tombs.

Architecture

The Bidar Sultanate made considerable additions to the Bidar Fort. Their tombs, the Barid Shahi tombs, were their main architectural pursuits, and are also located at Bidar. [21] [22] [23] The rulers employed Hindu architects and engineers for the construction of these buildings, which resulted in amalgamation of some Hindu features within the architecture of this period. [24]

Rulers

NameReign
Qasim Barid I 1489 – 1504
Amir Barid I 1504 – 1542 [25]
Ali Barid Shah I 1542 – 1580 [26]
Ibrahim Barid Shah1580 – 1587
Qasim Barid Shah II1587 – 1591
Ali Barid Shah II1591
Amir Barid Shah II1591 – 1601
Mirza Ali Barid Shah III1601 – 1609
Amir Barid Shah III1609 – 1619

See also

Related Research Articles

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bahmani Sultanate</span> Kingdom in Deccan India (1347–1527)

The Bahmani Sultanate was a late medieval empire that ruled the Deccan Plateau in India. The first independent Muslim kingdom of the Deccan, the Bahmani Sultanate came to power in 1347 during the rebellion of Ismail Mukh against Muhammad bin Tughlaq, the Sultan of the Tughlaq dynasty of Delhi. Ismail Mukh then abdicated in favour of Zafar Khan, who would establish the Bahmani Sultanate.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bidar</span> City in North Karnataka, India

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sultanate of Bijapur</span> Indian kingdom in the Deccan (1490–1686)

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The Berar Sultanate was an early modern Indian kingdom in the Deccan, ruled by the Imad Shahi dynasty. It was one of the Deccan sultanates, and was established in 1490 following the disintegration of the Bahmani Sultanate by Fathullah Imad-ul-Mulk. It was annexed by the Ahmadnagar Sultanate in 1572 following an invasion.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ahmad Shah I Wali</span> Wali

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Qasim Barid I was prime-minister of the Bahmani sultanate and the founder of the Bidar Sultanate, one of the five late medieval Indian kingdoms together known as the Deccan sultanates.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ahmadnagar Sultanate</span> Deccan Indian kingdom (1490–1636)

The Sultanate of Ahmednagar or the Nizam Shahi Sultanate was a late medieval Indian Muslim kingdom located in the northwestern Deccan, between the sultanates of Gujarat and Bijapur, ruled by the Nizam Shahi or Bahri dynasty. It was established when Malik Ahmed, the Bahmani governor of Junnar after defeating the Bahmani army led by general Jahangir Khan on 28 May 1490 declared independence and established the Nizam Shahi dynasty of the Sultanate of Ahmednagar.

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bidar Fort</span> Fort in Bidar, Karnataka, India

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ali Barid Shah I</span> 3rd Sultan of Bidar

Ali Barid Shah I was the third ruler of the Barid Shahi dynasty at Bidar. He succeeded his father in 1540, and ruled until his death in 1580. He was considered a man of letters, and invited scholars and craftsmen from all over the Indian subcontinent to his capital. He is also known to have played a key logistical role in the Battle of Talikota.

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Barid Shahi tombs</span> Historic site in Karnataka, India

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bahmani Tombs</span> Necropolis in Bidar, India

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Deccani–Vijayanagar wars</span> Military conflicts between the Deccan Sultanates and the Vijayanagara empire

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Krishnadevaraya's Bahamani Expedition</span> Campaign of Krishnadevaraya of the Vijayanagara Empire

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References

Citations

  1. ↑ For a map of their territory see: Schwartzberg, Joseph E. (1978). A Historical atlas of South Asia. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. pp. 39, 147. ISBN   0226742210.
  2. ↑ Spooner & Hanaway 2012, p. 317.
  3. ↑ Philon, Helen (2019). "Barīd Shāhīs". In Fleet, Kate; Krämer, Gudrun; Matringe, Denis; Nawas, John; Rowson, Everett (eds.). Encyclopaedia of Islam (3rd ed.). Brill Online. doi:10.1163/1573-3912_ei3_COM_25225. ISSN   1873-9830.
  4. ↑ "Barīd Shāhī dynasty | Muslim dynasty". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 9 December 2018.
  5. ↑ Sen 2013, p. 118.
  6. ↑ Khan, Iqtidar Alam. Historical dictionary of medieval India. No. 20. Scarecrow Press, 2008."The founder of the Barid Shahi dynasty of Bidar was the son of a Bahmani noble of Turkish origin, Qasim Barid"
  7. ↑ Bolar, Varija R. "Turks in Karnataka." International Journal of Social Sciences and Humanity Studies 4, no. 1 (2012): 419-428.“The Barid Shahi kingdom was established by a Turk named Qasim Barid who had come to Bidar in 1463 AD”
  8. ↑ Ali, Shanti Sadiq. The African Dispersal in the Deccan: From Medieval to Modern Times. Orient Blackswan, 1996.“It may be noted here that Qasim Barid, the Kotwal of Bidar, though of Turkish origin succeeded in imposing his influence on Sultan Shihabu'd-din Mahmad”
  9. ↑ Syed, Muzaffar H. History of Indian Nation: Medieval India. Vol. 2. KK Publications, 2022. p.37. “that he left the administration in the hands of one Turk noble, Qasim Barid.”
  10. ↑ Bosworth 1996, p. 324.
  11. ↑ J. Sarkar (1972). Maharashtra State Gazetteers. History: Mediaeval period, by B.G. Kunte.- pt. 3. Maratha period, by J. Sarkar and others. Maharashtra (India). Gazetteers Department. p. 214.
  12. 1 2 Majumdar 1974, p. 466.
  13. ↑ "India - Bahmanī consolidation of the Deccan". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 9 December 2018.
  14. ↑ Haig 1928, pp. 431.
  15. ↑ Yazdani, 1947, pp. 25.
  16. ↑ Yazdani, 1947, pp. 13.
  17. ↑ Majumdar 1974, p. 467.
  18. ↑ Yazdani, 1947, pp. 160.
  19. 1 2 Yazdani, 1947, pp. 14.
  20. ↑ Majumdar 1974, pp. 466–468.
  21. ↑ Law, John. Modern Hyderabad (Deccan). pp. 15–17.
  22. ↑ "Monuments and Forts of the Deccan Sultanate". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Archived from the original on 28 February 2018. Retrieved 9 December 2018.
  23. ↑ Mitchell & Zebrowski 1999, p. 14.
  24. ↑ Yazdani, 1947, pp. 26.
  25. ↑ Haig 1928, pp. 429.
  26. ↑ Haig 1928, pp. 681 & 683.

Bibliography

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