Multan is a city in Punjab, Pakistan, located on the bank of river Chenab. It is one of the five largest urban centres of Pakistan in 2025 and is the administrative centre of Multan Division. It is a major cultural, religious and economic centre of Punjab region, Multan is one of the oldest cities of Asia with a history stretching deep into antiquity.
The History of Punjab refers to the past history of Punjab region which is a geopolitical, cultural, and historical region in the northwest of South Asia, comprising eastern Punjab province in Pakistan and western Punjab state in India. It is believed that the earliest evidence of human habitation in Punjab traces to the Soan valley of the Pothohar, between the Indus and the Jhelum rivers, where Soanian culture developed between 774,000 BC and 11,700 BC. This period goes back to the first interglacial period in the second Ice Age, from which remnants of stone and flint tools have been found.
The Sayyid dynasty was the fourth dynasty of the Delhi Sultanate, with four rulers ruling from 1414 to 1451 for 37 years. The first ruler of the dynasty, Khizr Khan, who was the Timurid vassal of Multan, conquered Delhi in 1414, while the rulers proclaimed themselves the Sultans of the Delhi Sultanate under Mubarak Shah, which succeeded the Tughlaq dynasty and ruled the Sultanate until they were displaced by the Lodi dynasty in 1451.
Uch, frequently referred to as Uch Sharīf, is a historic city in the Pakistan's Punjab province. Uch may have been founded as Alexandria on the Indus, a town founded by Alexander the Great during his invasion of the Indus Valley. Uch was an early stronghold of the Delhi Sultanate during the Muslim conquest of the subcontinent. It is also known as the home for the Naqvi/Bukhari's after the migration from Bukhara. Uch was a regional metropolitan centre between the 12th and 17th centuries, and became refuge for Muslim religious scholars fleeing persecution from other lands. Though Uch is now a relatively small city, it is renowned for its intact historic urban fabric, and for its collection of shrines dedicated to Muslim mystics (Sufis) from 12th to 15th centuries that are embellished with extensive tile work, and were built in the distinct architectural style of southern Punjab.
Derajat is a historical and cultural region in central Pakistan, bounded by the Indus River to the east and the Sulaiman Mountains to the west. It is located in the area where the provinces of Punjab, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, and Balochistan meet.
Ghiyath al-Din Tughluq, or Ghazi Malik was the Sultan of Delhi from 1320 to 1325. He was the first sultan of the Tughluq dynasty of the Delhi Sultanate. During his reign, Ghiyath al-Din Tughluq founded the city of Tughluqabad. His reign ending upon his death in 1325 when a pavilion built in his honour collapsed. The 14th century historian Ibn Battuta claimed that the death of the sultan was the result of a conspiracy against him.
Muslim Rajputs or Musalman Rajpoots are the descendants of Rajputs in the northern regions of the Indian subcontinent who generally are followers of Islam. They converted from Hinduism to Islam from the medieval period onwards, creating various dynasties and states while retaining Hindu surnames such as Chauhan. Today, Muslim Rajputs can be found mostly in present-day Northern India and Pakistan. They are further divided into different clans.
The Samma dynasty was a medieval Sindhi dynasty which ruled the Sindh Sultanate from 1351 before being replaced by the Arghun dynasty in 1524.
The Arghun dynasty ruled over the area adjoining Southern Afghanistan and then the Sindh Sultanate from the late 15th century to the early 16th century. Arghun rule can be divided into two branches: the Arghun branch of Dhu'l-Nun Beg Arghun that ruled until 1554, and the Tarkhan branch of Muhammad Isa Tarkhan that ruled until 1593.
Ghazi Khan was son of Haji Khan Mirani, a Baloch chieftain who moved to Multan in the late 15th century at the behest of the Langah Sultanate. He was accompanied by his son, Ghazi Khan Mirani.
Langah, Langhow or Lango is a Balochi and Brahui-speaking Baloch tribe present in Pakistani Balochistan, though other communities can be found in Punjab and Sindh. Three salient sub-tribal Langove identity-groups are the Meeranzai, Halizai and Shadizai.
The Malwa Sultanate was a late medieval kingdom in the Malwa region, covering the present day Indian states of Madhya Pradesh and south-eastern Rajasthan from 1401 to 1562. It was founded by Dilawar Khan, who following Timur's invasion and the disintegration of the Delhi Sultanate, in 1401, made Malwa an independent realm.
Multan in Punjab province of Pakistan is one of the oldest cities of South Asia, though its exact age has yet to be determined. Multan is known for its rich ancient heritage and historic landmarks. Multan was the primary cultural centre or capital of Punjab region mostly in late ancient and medieval era. Multan region was centre of many civilizations in its 5 millennia old history, and witnessed warfare across millennia because of its location on a major invasion route between South and Central Asia.
Malik Sohrab Dodai Hoth Baloch was a Baloch mercenary who moved to Multan (Punjab) in the late 15th century with his father Mir Doda Khan Hoth Baloch at the behest of the Langah sultanate dynasty. Baloch. He was accompanied by his sons, Ghazi Khan, Fateh Khan, and Ismail Khan.
Jam Mubarak Khan Qabulio Sammo, was a general of the Samma Dynasty of Sindh, a statesman and regent at the court of Samma ruler Jam Feroz.
The Lodi dynasty was the last dynasty to rule over Emirate of Multan, from their capital city of Multan in the 10th century.
Husseyn Langah or Husayn Shah Langah I was the second Sultan of Langah Sultanate, who reigned from 1469 until 1498. He founded colleges of education in communities like Tulamba and encouraged members of the Baloch tribes to settle in the sultanate. After successfully capturing Chiniot, Kahror Pakka and Shorkot, he repulsed an attack by the Delhi Sultanate. He abdicated in favour of his son, who reigned as Mahmud Shah.
The Mirani is a Baloch tribe, which was influential in Derajat between the 15th and 18th centuries. The dynasty was founded by Haji Khan Mirrani I, the founder of Dera Ghazi Khan, who named it after his son, Ghazi Khan. From 1550, the dynasty became stronger and more authoritative in Derajat and held it till 1787.
The Emirate of Multan was a medieval kingdom in Punjab region in the northwest Indian subcontinent that was centred around city of Multan. It initially extended towards parts of Kashmir, and included parts of present-day Punjab. It was initially ruled by the tribe of Banu Munabbih. In 959 CE, Ismailis under the Banu Lawi gained control of the Emirate and in 1010, it was conquered by the Ghaznavid Empire.
Langah is a historical tribe and surname found in Balochistan (Lasbela), Sindh and south Punjab. They are considered as Jats or Rajput.
