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The family Scarabaeidae, as currently defined, consists of over 35,000 species of beetles worldwide; they are often called scarabs or scarab beetles. The classification of this family has undergone significant change in recent years. Several subfamilies have been elevated to family rank, and some reduced to lower ranks. The subfamilies listed in this article are in accordance with those in Catalog of Life (2023).
Scarabaeoidea is a superfamily of beetles, the only subgroup of the infraorder Scarabaeiformia. Around 35,000 species are placed in this superfamily and some 200 new species are described each year. Its constituent families are also undergoing revision presently, and the family list below is only preliminary. This superfamily includes some of the largest beetles extant today, including rhinoceros beetles, (Dynastinae), the Hercules beetle and Goliath beetles.
Geotrupidae is a family of beetles in the order Coleoptera. They are commonly called earth-boring dung beetles or dor beetles. Most excavate burrows in which to lay their eggs. They are typically detritivores, provisioning their nests with leaf litter, but are occasionally coprophagous, similar to dung beetles. The eggs are laid in or upon the provision mass and buried, and the developing larvae feed upon the provisions. The burrows of some species can exceed 2 metres in depth.
The rain beetles are a group of beetles whose extant species are found only in the far west of North America. They spend most of their lives underground, emerging in response to rain or snow, thus the common name. Formerly classified in the Scarabaeidae, they are currently assigned to their own family Pleocomidae, considered the sister group to all the remaining families of Scarabaeoidea. The family contains a single extant genus, Pleocoma, and two extinct genera, Cretocoma, described in 2002 from Late Cretaceous deposits in Mongolia, and Proteroscarabeus of Late Cretaceous China.
Ochodaeidae, also known as the sand-loving scarab beetles, is a small family of scarabaeiform beetles occurring in many parts of the world.
The lined catshark or banded catshark is a species of catshark, belonging to the family Scyliorhinidae. It is found in the waters off the coasts of Beira, Mozambique, to East London, and South Africa between latitudes 19°S and 31°S, from the surface to 290 m. It can grow up to 56 cm in length.
Sitona is a large genus of weevils in the family Curculionidae native to the Nearctic and Palaearctic regions. Over 100 species have been described. Sitona is easily distinguished from related genera by flat, recumbent scales on the mandibles, by the absence of an oval scar on the mandibles, by short and broad rostrum with a deep, longitudinal, median groove, and by dense scales on the body.
Xyletobius lineatus is a species of beetle in the family Ptinidae.
Anoplotrupes stercorosus, the dor beetle, is a species of earth-boring dung beetle belonging to the family Geotrupidae, subfamily Geotrupinae.
Sitona lineatus, commonly known as the pea leaf weevil is a species of weevil with a Palearctic distribution. It is a common pest of beans, peas, and other plants in the family Fabaceae. Adult beetles of S. lineatus measure 3.4-5.3 mm in length. They are characterized by a series of colored scales arranged in alternating lines (striae) on the elytra; it is from this characteristic where the species gets its name lineatus meaning 'lined' or 'striped'. The head and pronotum also have fine pointed setae amongst the scales. The antennae are clubbed, pointed and preceded by 7 segments. The femora is dark, but tibiae and tarsi are red. As a member of Order Coleoptera (beetles) their forewings are modified to form hardened covers over the thorax and abdomen, with the hindwings for flight underneath.
Bolbelasmus minor is a species of beetle in the family Geotrupidae. It is found in North America.
Geotrupinae is a subfamily of earth-boring scarab beetles in the family Geotrupidae. There are more than 30 genera and 450 described species in Geotrupinae.
Bolboceratinae is a subfamily of earth-boring scarab beetles in the family Geotrupidae. There are about 8 genera and at least 40 described species in Bolboceratinae.
Ochthebius lineatus is a species of minute moss beetle in the family Hydraenidae. It is found in Central America, North America, and South America.
Peltotrupes is a genus of earth-boring scarab beetles in the family Geotrupidae. There are at least two described species in Peltotrupes.
Ceratophyus is a genus of earth-boring scarab beetles in the family Geotrupidae. There are about 13 described species in Ceratophyus.
Bolbaffroides carenicollis, is a species of dor beetle found in India, Pakistan and Sri Lanka.
Bolboceras insulare, is a species of dor beetle found in India, and Sri Lanka.
Bolbochromus laetus, is a species of dor beetle found in Thailand, Indochina, south China, and possibly in India, Sri Lanka, Myanmar and Vietnam.
Brumoides lineatus, sometimes known as broad vein-longitudinal striped ladybug, is a species of lady beetle found in China, Myanmar, Thailand, Bangladesh, India, Sri Lanka, Nepal, and Pakistan.
References
- ↑ "Taxonomy of the Oriental genus Bolbochromus: a generic overview and descriptions of four new species (Coleoptera: Geotrupidae: Bolboceratinae)". Zootaxa 3731 (4): 495–519. Retrieved 2021-07-31.
- ↑ Li, Chun-Lin; Yang, Ping-Shih; Krikken, Jan; Wang, Chuan-chan (2013-04-16). "Three new species of Bolbochromus Boucomont (Coleoptera, Geotrupidae, Bolboceratinae) from Southeast Asia". ZooKeys (290): 39–54. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.290.4696 . PMC 3677294 . PMID 23794858 . Retrieved 2021-08-03.
- ↑ "Bolbochromus lineatus (Westwood, 1848)". www.gbif.org. Retrieved 2021-08-03.