Boldyni Hory | |
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Болдині гори | |
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General information | |
Type | National monument |
Location | Novozavodskyi District, Chernihiv, Chernihiv Oblast, Ukraine |
Coordinates | 51°28′44″N31°17′04″E / 51.47889°N 31.28444°E |
Elevation | 35 meters |
Completed | 1986 |
Inaugurated | 9 September 1958 |
Design and construction | |
Structural engineer | M.V Chernov (architect) and Yu. M. Lokhovinin (sculptor) |
Boldyni Hory [1] [2] or Boldyni Hills [3] is a historical area in the city of Chernihiv, Ukraine on the right bank of the Desna, as well as a monument of landscape art (since 1972). Boldyni Hory are located two kilometers from the historic center of Chernihiv. From the center of Chernihiv one can walk or take public transport to Tolstoy street. [4] [5] [6] [7] The monuments are formed from 20 to 35-meter hills developed by an arc south of the floodplain of the Stryzhen River. The area has long been inhabited, many archeological, historical and architectural monuments have been preserved on its territory.
There are several versions of what "Boldyni" means:
Located on the Boldyni Hills on an area of 1.2 ha, the kurgan complex is one of the largest known to science in Ukraine necropolises of the 9th–11th centuries. It consists of 6 mound groups, with a total of about 230 mounds surrviving, defining the populated area. One of the largest—the Hulbyshche kurgan—is located in the northeastern part of the necropolis, has a height of 6 m (in ancient times 8.5 m), and a diameter of 22 m. Next to it is the Bezimennyi (Nameless) kurgan, which according to Professor Boris Rybakov belongs to the first half of 10th century. The mounds of the Boldyni Hory were studied in 1872 and 1908 by D. Y. Samokvasov, and in 1965 by S. S. Shirinsky.
In the middle of the 11th century, the monk Anthony the Reverend came to Boldyna Hill and founded earthen structures, the so-called Saint Anthony Caves. [8] They are connected by underground passages with the Church of St. Elijah, which was built in the XII century. In 1654, a colleague of Hetman Bohdan Khmelnytsky, Colonel Stefan Podobail of Chernihiv, was buried in the Saint Anthony Caves. [9] [10]
The landmark of the architectural ensemble of the Trinity-Elijah Monastery—the Trinity Monastery—iwas built in the late 17th century. In 1667, a tenement house was built on the site of the eastern gate of the monastery for the printing house of the Trinity-Elijah Monastery.
In the tomb of the Trinity Cathedral among the Chernihiv bishops is the body of the author of a multi-volume historical and statistical description of the Chernihiv diocese Filaret (Gumilevsky), in the west wing of the church – at rest the general, participant in the Russo-Turkish war of 1877–78, historian and public figure, chairman of Chernihiv archival commission Hryhoriy Myloradovych. Not far from the cathedral under the green crowns stands a chapel in which is buried a prominent Russian diplomat, a native of Chernihiv Grigory Shcherbin.
Next to the monastery is a cemetery where prominent Ukrainians are buried (their graves have been preserved) – Ukrainian biker and lyre player Leonid Glibov; famous Ukrainian writer Mykhailo Kotsiubynsky (and his relatives – wife Vira Ustymivna, mother Glykeriya Maksymovna, sister Lidia Mykhailivna); Ukrainian folklorist and ethnographer Opanas Markevych, husband of the writer Marko Vovchok; writer and public figure Mykola Verbytsky. [11]
On the eve of Victory Day, May 8, 1986, the memorial of Glory was unveiled in the lower reaches of the Boldyni Hory. Four majestic figures froze on the granite pedestal in bronze: an ancient Rus' warrior in a helmet with a sword and spear and a shield depicting the ancient coat of arms of Chernihiv, a soldier of World War II, a national avenger and a working woman. Along with 5 granite stelae, bronze bas-reliefs reflect the labor, heroic and victorious history of the Chernihiv region: the march on Prince Igor Svyatoslavovich's Polovtsians, heroic episodes of the period of the so-called "Great October", civil and World War II, and guerrilla warfare. [12] [13] At present, Boldyni Hory is a monument of garden and park art, a valuable historical and architectural complex, as well as a significant tourist attraction of the city and the region.
A kurgan is a type of tumulus constructed over a grave, often characterized by containing a single human body along with grave vessels, weapons and horses. Originally in use on the Pontic–Caspian steppe, kurgans spread into much of Central Asia and Eastern, Southeast, Western and Northern Europe during the 3rd millennium BC.
Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra or Kyievo-Pecherska Lavra, also known as the Kyiv Monastery of the Caves, is a historic Eastern Orthodox Christian monastery which gave its name to one of the city districts where it is located in Kyiv.
Chernihiv is a city and municipality in northern Ukraine, which serves as the administrative center of Chernihiv Oblast and Chernihiv Raion within the oblast. Chernihiv's population is 282,747.
Ukrainian Baroque, also known as Cossack Baroque or Mazepa Baroque, is an architectural style that was widespread in the Ukrainian lands in the 17th and 18th centuries. It was the result of a combination of local architectural traditions and European Baroque.
The architecture of Kievan Rus' comes from the medieval state of Kievan Rus' which incorporated parts of what is now modern Ukraine, Russia, and Belarus, and was centered on Kiev and Novgorod. Its architecture is the earliest period of Russian and Ukrainian architecture, using the foundations of Byzantine culture but with great use of innovations and architectural features. Most remains are Russian Orthodox churches or parts of the gates and fortifications of cities.
The Black Grave is the largest burial mound (kurgan) in Chernihiv, Ukraine. It is part of the National Sanctuary of Ancient Chernihiv and is an Archaeological Monument of national importance.
St. Cyril's Monastery is a medieval monastery in Kyiv, the capital of Ukraine. The monastery contains the famous St. Cyril's Church, an important specimen of Kievan Rus' architecture of the 12th century, and combining elements of the 17th and 19th centuries. However, being largely Ukrainian Baroque on the outside, the church retains its original Kievan Rus' interior.
The Gate Church of the Trinity is a historic church of the cave monastery of the Kyiv Pechersk Lavra in Kyiv, the capital of Ukraine. Originally being built as in the church style of Kievan Rus', the Gate Church of the Trinity is now decorated in the Ukrainian Baroque style, having been reconstructed many times through its history.
The Trinity Monastery is a former Orthodox monastery in the city of Chernihiv in northeastern Ukraine.
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Ancient Chernihiv is the National Architecture-Historical Reserve located in the north-eastern Ukrainian city of Chernihiv. It was created at first as an affiliate of the National Sanctuary "Sophia of Kyiv". Since August 1, 1967, the site is a separate entity consisting of 34 monuments of architecture.
Catherine's Church is a functioning church in Chernihiv, Ukraine.
Ancient Kyiv is a historic preserve of the Kyiv city, Ukraine. The preserve is a complex of landmarks located majorly in area of the Kyiv city Podil district and stretching onto part of the Upper city known as Honchari-Kozhumiaky (Potters-Tanners).
Saint Anthony's caves is a cave monastery in Chernihiv, Ukraine. It is home to Feodosiy Totemskyi Church, the largest underground church in Ukraine.
Stilske Horbohirya Regional Landscape Park (Ukrainian Стільське_Горбогір'я - is an object of the Nature Reserve Fund of Ukraine in the Lviv region, Ukraine. Covering part of territory of Lviv and Mykolaiv districts of Lviv region, total area of Regional landscape Park equals 9,162 hectares. Stilske Horbohirya Regional Landscape Park located on lands of "Lviv forestry business enterprise", "Stryi forestry business enterprise" and "Mykolaiv Halsillis" national forestry enterprises, as well as Stilsko, Brodky and Drohovyzh village councils.
House of Lyzohub or the Colonel of the Chernihiv's Regiment is an architectural monument of national importance and local history in Chernihiv located in the Dytynets Park.
The Chernihiv Collegium is one of the first educational institution in the Cossack Hetmanate for complete secondary and, subsequently, higher spiritual education, established on the left bank of the Dnieper. In the period of its highest prosperity, the collegium became a major educational and intellectual center and gained fame in Russia as “Chernigov Athens”. In historiography, the Chernihiv Collegium is considered one of the "first offspring" of the Kyiv-Mohyla Collegium. The collegium is located in the center of Chernihiv, on the edge of the rampart of the former fortress, next to the St. Boris and Gleb Cathedral at the Dytynets Park.
Ancient Halych is the National Architecture-Historical Preserve located in the western Ukrainian settlements of Halych, Krylos, Shevchenkove, Bilshivtsi, and Zalukva. The site includes landmarks of 11th–17th centuries in ancient Halych and its surroundings. The reserve was created on 8 February 1994.