| Boston Massacre Monument | |
|---|---|
| Crispus Attucks Monument, Victory | |
 The monument in 2010 | |
 | |
| Artist | Adolph Robert Kraus |
| Year | 1889 |
| Subject | Boston Massacre |
| Location | Boston, Massachusetts, United States |
| 42°21′15″N71°03′52″W / 42.354284°N 71.064412°W | |
The Boston Massacre Monument, also known as the Crispus Attucks Monument and Victory, is an outdoor bronze memorial by Adolph Robert Kraus, installed in Boston Common, in Boston, Massachusetts, United States.
The monument was dedicated on November 14, 1889. The designer of the base was Boston architect Carl Fehmer.
The monument was surveyed by the Smithsonian Institution's "Save Outdoor Sculpture!" program in 1993. The survey's description says, "The monument consists of an allegorical female figure representing the Spirit of the Revolution standing atop a granite base in front of a tall granite obelisk adorned with a band of thirteen stars around the top. The female figure is loosely draped and holds a furled American flag in her proper left hand. Her proper right arm is raised and in her proper right hand she holds a broken piece of chain. Beneath her proper right foot is a broken British crown. An eagle ready to take flight is perched by her proper left foot. On the base, beneath the female figure, is a bronze relief plaque depicting the Boston Massacre. It shows five men, Crispus Attucks, Samuel Maverick, James Caldwell, Samuel Gray, and Patrick Carr, slain by the British soldiers in front of the Massachusetts State House." [1] These deaths took place on March 5, 1770.
Crispus Attucks was a freed African American who was the first to die in the line of fire between the British and the colonist. Crispus Attucks was a part of the first group to start attacking the British soldiers with throwing balls of ice and stones at the troops. Attucks was glorified by some colonists as an emblem of resisting against the British power. [2]
The Boston Massacre was a confrontation in Boston on March 5, 1770, in which nine British soldiers shot several of a crowd of three or four hundred who were harassing them verbally and throwing various projectiles. The event was heavily publicized as "a massacre" by leading Patriots such as Paul Revere and Samuel Adams. British troops had been stationed in the Province of Massachusetts Bay since 1768 in order to support crown-appointed officials and to enforce unpopular Parliamentary legislation.
Crispus Attucks was an American whaler, sailor, and stevedore of African and Native American descent who is traditionally regarded as the first person killed in the Boston Massacre, and as a result the first American killed in the American Revolution.
Erected in 1927, the Victory Monument, is a bronze and granite sculptural monument, based on a concept by John A. Nyden, and sculpted by Leonard Crunelle. It was built to honor the Eighth Regiment of the Illinois National Guard, an African-American unit that served with distinction in France during World War I. It may be the only memorial statue dedicated to African-American soldiers of the Great War.
Black Patriots were African Americans who sided with the colonists who opposed British rule during the American Revolution. The term Black Patriots includes, but is not limited to, the 5,000 or more African Americans who served in the Continental Army and Patriot militias during the American Revolutionary War.
The Daniel Webster Memorial is a monument in Washington, D.C., honoring U.S. statesman and lawyer Daniel Webster. It is located near Webster's former house, beside Scott Circle, at the intersection of Massachusetts Avenue, N Street, and Rhode Island Avenue NW. The person who commissioned the memorial was Stilson Hutchins, founder of The Washington Post, who greatly admired Webster. Congress approved the memorial in 1898 and the dedication ceremony took place in January 1900. Amongst the attendees at the ceremony were President William McKinley and his cabinet, members of Congress, and Supreme Court justices.
The Lincoln Monument of Wabash, Indiana or The Great Emancipator is a public sculpture by Charles Keck, a sculptor who was born in New York City. The cast bronze sculpture was commissioned by Wabash-native Alexander New and donated to the city of Wabash, Indiana, in 1932. It has remained on view at the northeast corner of the Wabash County Courthouse lawn ever since.
The Thomas A. Hendricks Monument is a public artwork by American artist Richard Henry Park and is located on the southeast corner of the Indiana Statehouse grounds in Indianapolis, Indiana. The monument is a tribute to Thomas A. Hendricks, the 21st Vice President of the United States. Hendricks was a former U.S. Representative and U.S. Senator from Indiana. He was the 16th Governor of Indiana and led the campaign to build the Indiana Statehouse.
Dante Alighieri, is a public artwork by Italian artist Ettore Ximenes, located at Meridian Hill Park in Washington, D.C., United States. Dante Alighieri was originally surveyed as part of the Smithsonian Institution's Save Outdoor Sculpture! survey in 1994. The monument is a tribute to Italian poet Dante Alighieri.
Nuns of the Battlefield is a public artwork made in 1924 by Irish artist Jerome Connor, located at the intersection of Rhode Island Avenue NW, M Street, and Connecticut Avenue NW, in Washington, D.C., United States. A tribute to the more than 600 nuns who nursed soldiers of both the Union Army and the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War, it is one of two monuments in the District that mark women's roles in the conflict. It is a contributing monument to the Civil War Monuments in Washington, D.C., listed on the National Register of Historic Places. In 1993, it was surveyed for the Smithsonian Institution's Save Outdoor Sculpture! program.
Frederick Keep Monument is a public artwork by American artist James Earle Fraser located in Rock Creek Cemetery in Washington, D.C. The monument was originally surveyed as part of the Smithsonian's Save Outdoor Sculpture! survey in 1993. This sculpture rests at the site of the grave of Frederick and Florence Keep and their child.
Seattle Fishermen's Memorial, or Fisherman's Memorial, is an outdoor sculpture by Ronald Petty, installed at Fishermen's Terminal in Seattle, Washington, in the United States. The monument was designed in 1987 and dedicated in October 1988. It commemorates Seattle fisherman who died since 1900.
The George Robert White Memorial, also known as The Spirit of Giving, is an outdoor memorial commemorating George Robert White by sculptor Daniel Chester French and architect Henry Bacon, installed in Boston's Public Garden, in the U.S. state of Massachusetts. The 1924 bronze sculpture depicts an allegorical winged female on a Rockport granite base, above an elliptical-shaped granite and pebble fountain. It was surveyed as part of the Smithsonian Institution's "Save Outdoor Sculpture!" program in 1993. The fountain was disabled in the 1980s and remained so until 2016 when it was repaired and restored by the Friends of the Public Garden at a cost of $700,000.
The Charlestown Civil War Memorial, also known as the Soldiers' and Sailors' Monument, is an outdoor granite monument and sculpture by Martin Milmore, commemorating the men of Charlestown, Boston, who fought to preserve the Union during the American Civil War. The memorial is installed in the Training Field in Charlestown, in the U.S. state of Massachusetts.
The World War II Memorial by John Francis Paramino is installed in the Back Bay Fens in Boston, Massachusetts, United States. It was completed during 1947–1949, copyrighted in 1948, and erected in 1949. The bronze and granite war memorial features an allegorical statue of winged female figure of Victory. Behind her is a wall with 27 bronze plaques listing the names of people who died in World War II. The work was surveyed as part of the Smithsonian Institution's "Save Outdoor Sculpture!" program in 1993.
An equestrian statue of George Washington by Thomas Ball is installed in Boston's Public Garden, in the U.S. state of Massachusetts.
The Massachusetts Korean War Memorial is installed in Charlestown, Boston's Charlestown Naval Shipyard Park, within the Boston Navy Yard, in the U.S. state of Massachusetts. The 1993 memorial was commissioned by the Massachusetts Korean War Veterans Committee. It features a bronze sculpture of a soldier on a granite base. The memorial was surveyed by the Smithsonian Institution's "Save Outdoor Sculpture!" program in 1997.
The Hungarian Revolution Memorial is a monument and sculpture by E. Gyuri Hollosy, installed in Boston's Liberty Square Park, in the U.S. state of Massachusetts. It commemorates the thirtieth anniversary of the Hungarian Revolution of 1956.
The John Boyle O'Reilly Memorial by Daniel Chester French is a memorial installed along Boston's Fenway, near the intersection of Boylston Street, in the U.S. state of Massachusetts. It was created in 1896 to honor Irish-born writer and activist John Boyle O'Reilly not long after his death in 1890.
The Founders Memorial, also known as Founding of Boston, is a 1930 sculpture by John Francis Paramino in Boston Common, in Boston, Massachusetts.
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