Brian Earp

Last updated
Dr

Brian David Earp
Brian Earp.jpg
Brian in front of the Bridge of Sighs
Born1985
OccupationPhilosopher, Cognitive Scientist, Bioethicist
EducationYale University, University of Oxford, University of Cambridge
Notable worksLove Drugs: The Chemical Future of Relationships
Website
www.brianearp.com

Brian David Earp is an American bioethicist, philosopher, and interdisciplinary researcher. He is best known for his writings on intersex medical interventions, circumcision, and drug use in the United States. [1] [2] He is currently associate director of the Yale-Hastings Program in Ethics and Health Policy at Yale University and The Hastings Center, and a Research Fellow at the Oxford Uehiro Centre for Practical Ethics.

Contents

Earp has written on a wide range of topics, including free will, [3] sex and gender [4] and the replication crisis in psychology [5] He currently writes the quarterly "Philosophy in the Real World" column for The Philosopher . In 2019, Earp wrote his first book (co-written with Julian Savulescu), published in the UK as Love Is the Drug: The Chemical Future of Our Relationships [6] and in the United States as Love Drugs: The Chemical Future of Relationships). [7] [8] [9] [10] [11]

Work and views

Circumcision and intersex medical interventions

Earp has argued that all forms of involuntary non-therapeutic genital modification and mutilation [lower-alpha 1] are violations of bioethical principles. [1] [2] [12] [13] Especially, he questions the distinction between “male circumcision.” and “female genital mutilation” (or FGM), maintaining that the mildest forms of FGM are less severe than circumcision. [2] [14]

Relationships and drugs

He is best known for writing Love Is the Drug: The Chemical Future of Our Relationships with Julian Savulescu. [10] [15] [16] He has argued that certain forms of medications can be ethically consumed as a "helpful complement" in relationships. Both to fall in love, and, to fall out of it. [10] [11]

Personal life

Earp grew up in a conservative evangelical Christian household. His mother was a stay-at-home mother; his father was a X-ray technician. [10]

Bibliography

Notes

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Female genital mutilation</span> Ritual cutting or removal of some or all of the vulva

Female genital mutilation (FGM) is the cutting or removal of some or all of the vulva for non-medical reasons. FGM prevalence varies worldwide, but is majorly present in some countries of Africa, Asia and Middle East, and within their diasporas. As of 2024, UNICEF estimates that worldwide 230 million girls and women had been subjected to one or more types of FGM.

Genital modifications are forms of body modifications applied to the human sexual organs. The term genital enhancement is generally used for genital modifications that improve the recipient's quality of life in result in positive health outcomes. The term genital mutilation is used for genital modifications that drastically diminish the recipient's quality of life and result in adverse health outcomes, whether physical or mental.

Genital cutting refers to genital modification and mutilation of the human genitals using a cutting instrument. This terminology is often used in some literature specifically to avoid using the terms 'mutilation' or 'circumcision'. These practices can include:

J. Steven Svoboda is a patent lawyer who has been an attorney since 1991. Svoboda is the founder of the California-based organization, Attorneys for the Rights of the Child. As an attorney, Svoboda is involved in educating, writing, and working with the United Nations on behalf of genital integrity issues. He also works as a patent lawyer.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Julian Savulescu</span> Australian philosopher and bioethicist

Julian Savulescu is an Australian philosopher and bioethicist. He is Chen Su Lan Centennial Professor in Medical Ethics and director of the Centre for Biomedical Ethics at National University of Singapore. He was previously Uehiro Chair in Practical Ethics at the University of Oxford, Fellow of St Cross College, Oxford, director of the Oxford Uehiro Centre for Practical Ethics, and co-director of the Wellcome Centre for Ethics and Humanities. He is visiting professorial fellow in Biomedical Ethics at the Murdoch Children's Research Institute in Australia, and distinguished visiting professor in law at Melbourne University since 2017. He directs the Biomedical Ethics Research Group and is a member of the Centre for Ethics of Pediatric Genomics in Australia. He is a former editor and current board member of the Journal of Medical Ethics, which is ranked as the No.2 journal in bioethics worldwide by Google Scholar Metrics, as of 2022. In addition to his background in applied ethics and philosophy, he also has a background in medicine and neuroscience and completed his MBBS (Hons) and BMedSc at Monash University, graduating top of his class with 18 of 19 final year prizes in Medicine. He edits the Oxford University Press book series, the Uehiro Series in Practical Ethics.

Khitan or Khatna is the Arabic term for circumcision, and the Islamic term for the practice of religious male circumcision in Islamic culture. Male circumcision is widespread in the Muslim world, and accepted as an established practice by all Islamic schools of jurisprudence. It is considered a sign of belonging to the wider Muslim community (Ummah).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Religious views on female genital mutilation</span> Female genital mutilation

There is a widespread view among practitioners of female genital mutilation (FGM) that it is a religious requirement, although prevalence rates often vary according to geography and ethnic group. There is an ongoing debate about the extent to which the practice's continuation is influenced by custom, social pressure, lack of health-care information, and the position of women in society. The procedures confer no health benefits and can lead to serious health problems.

Nawal M. Nour is an Obstetrician/Gynecologist who directs the Ambulatory Obstetrics Practice at the Brigham and Women's Hospital. Her research and practice focus on providing the right care to women who have undergone female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C), also called female circumcision, and she founded the first and only hospital center in the U.S. that focuses on the medical needs of African women who have undergone FGM/C. In 2017, she was listed in Forbes among 40 Women To Watch.

Research Action and Information Network for the Bodily Integrity of Women is an international non-governmental organisation working to eliminate female circumcision and female genital mutilation.

Nahid Toubia is a Sudanese surgeon and women's health rights activist, specializing in research into female genital mutilation.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Prevalence of female genital mutilation</span>

Female genital mutilation (FGM), also known as female genital cutting (FGC), female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) and female circumcision, is practiced in 30 countries in western, eastern, and north-eastern Africa, in parts of the Middle East and Asia, and within some immigrant communities in Europe, North America and Australia, aswell as in specific minority enclaves in areas such as South Asia and Russia. The WHO defines the practice as "all procedures that involve partial or total removal of the external female genitalia, or other injury to the female genital organs for non-medical reasons."

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Campaign against female genital mutilation in colonial Kenya</span>

The campaign against female genital mutilation in colonial Kenya (1929–1932), also known as the female circumcision controversy, was a period within Kenyan historiography known for efforts by British missionaries, particularly from the Church of Scotland, to stop the practice of female genital mutilation in colonial Kenya. The campaign was met with resistance by the Kikuyu, the country's largest tribe. According to American historian Lynn M. Thomas, female genital mutilation became a focal point of the movement campaigning for independence from British rule, and a test of loyalty, either to the Christian churches or to the Kikuyu Central Association, the largest association of the Kikuyu people.

Female genital mutilation in the United Kingdom is the ritual removal of some or all of the external female genitalia of women and girls living in the UK. According to Equality Now and City University London, an estimated 103,000 women and girls aged 15–49 were thought to be living with female genital mutilation (FGM) in England and Wales as of 2011.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Female genital mutilation in the United States</span> Occurrence and regulation of FGM in the US

Female genital mutilation (FGM), also known as female circumcision or female genital cutting, includes any procedure involving the removal or injury of part or all of the vulva for non-medical reasons. While the practice is most common in Africa, Asia, and the Middle East, FGM is also widespread in immigrant communities and metropolitan areas in the United States, and was performed by doctors regularly until the 1980s.

Female genital mutilation in Sierra Leone is the common practice of removing all or part of the female's genitalia for cultural and religious initiation purposes, or as a custom to prepare them for marriage. Sierra Leone is one of 28 countries in Africa where female genital mutilation (FGM) is known to be practiced and one of few that has not banned it. It is widespread in part due to it being an initiation rite into the "Bondo," though initiation rite-related FGM was criminalised in 2019. The type most commonly practised in Sierra Leone is Type IIb, removal of part or all of the clitoris and the labia minora. As of 2013, it had a prevalence of 89.6%.

Nigeria has the highest rate of female genital mutilation (FGM) in the world in total numbers. It is usually experienced by girls aged 0 to 15 years old. It involves either partial or complete removal of the vulva or other injury to the female genital organs and has no medical benefit.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Intersex rights in Switzerland</span> Overview of intersex peoples rights in Switzerland

Intersex people in Switzerland have no recognition of rights to physical integrity and bodily autonomy, and no specific protections from discrimination on the basis of sex characteristics. In 2012, the Swiss National Advisory Commission on Biomedical Ethics published a report on the medical management of differences of sex development or intersex variations.

Female genital mutilation (FGM) is highly prevalent in Sudan. According to a 2014 Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS), 86.6 percent of women aged 15–49 in Sudan reported living with FGM, and said that 31.5 percent of their daughters had been cut. The most common FGM procedure in that country is Type III (infibulation); the 2014 survey found that 77 percent of respondents had experienced Type III.

The legal status of female genital mutilation (FGM), also known as female genital cutting (FGC), differs widely across the world.

<i>In the Name of Tradition</i> A study about female circumcision

The book In the Name of Tradition is the outcome of a comprehensive study on female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) in Iran conducted by Kameel Ahmady, an anthropologist and researcher, and his colleagues. It was published in Farsi by Shirazeh in 2015 and followed by an English version by Uncutvoice publishing house in the same year. The study explores why and how FGM is practised in Iran. The researchers aimed to uncover the various dimensions of FGM between 2005 and 2015 in four provinces: West Azerbaijan, Kurdistan, Kermanshah, and Hormozgan.

References

  1. 1 2 Earp, Brian D.; Steinfeld, Rebecca (May 15, 2017). "How different are female, male and intersex genital cutting?". The Conversation . Archived from the original on 2017-05-16. Retrieved October 29, 2020.
  2. 1 2 3 Earp, Brian (October 2015). "Female genital mutilation and male circumcision: toward an autonomy-based ethical framework". Medicolegal and Bioethics. 5: 89. doi: 10.2147/mb.s63709 . ISSN   2230-2468.
  3. ↑ Earp, Brian D.; Everett, Jim Albert Charlton; Crone, Damien; Nadelhoffer, Thomas; Caruso, Gregg D.; Shariff, Azim; Sinnott-Armstrong, Walter. "Determined to be Humble? Exploring the Relationship Between Belief in Free Will and Humility". PsyArXiv . doi:10.31234/osf.io/3bxra.
  4. ↑ Earp, Brian D. (2020). "What is gender for?". The Philosopher. 108 (2): 94–99 – via ResearchGate.
  5. ↑ Earp, Brian D.; Trafimow, David (2015). "Replication, falsification, and the crisis of confidence in social psychology". Frontiers in Psychology. 6: 621. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00621 . ISSN   1664-1078. PMC   4436798 . PMID   26042061.
  6. ↑ "Manchester University Press - Love is the Drug". Manchester University Press. Retrieved 2020-12-07.
  7. ↑ Earp, Brian David; Savulescu, Julian (2020). Love Drugs: The Chemical Future of Relationships. Redwood Press. ISBN   9780804798198 . Retrieved 2020-12-07.
  8. ↑ Greenberg, Jon (April 18, 2016). "HIV In Africa: 6 Million Circumcisions And Counting". Politifact . Archived from the original on 2020-10-28. Retrieved 2020-10-25.
  9. ↑ Zublin, Fiona (2020-01-05). "Love in the Roaring '20s". OZY. Archived from the original on 2020-01-06. Retrieved 2020-10-25.
  10. 1 2 3 4 Shane, Cari (2019-12-12). "Can We Replace Couples Therapy With Real-Life Love Potions?". OZY. Archived from the original on 2019-12-13. Retrieved 2020-10-25.
  11. 1 2 Szalavitz, Maia (2014-05-19). "Is It Possible to Create an Anti-Love Drug?". The Cut. Archived from the original on 2018-04-17. Retrieved 2020-10-29.
  12. ↑ Hacker, Daphna (2017). Legalized Families in the Era of Bordered Globalization. Cambridge University Press. pp. 270–271. ISBN   978-1316508213.
  13. ↑ Shweder, Richard A. (2016). "Equality Now in Genital Reshaping: Brian Earp's Search for Moral Consistency". Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal. 26 (2): 145–154. doi:10.1353/ken.2016.0016. ISSN   1086-3249. PMID   27477192. S2CID   44291019.
  14. ↑ Earp, Brian D. (2021). "Male or female genital cutting: why 'health benefits' are morally irrelevant". Journal of Medical Ethics. doi:10.1136/medethics-2020-106782. PMID   33462078.
  15. ↑ Fetters, Ashley (2020-01-16). "Your Chemical Romance". The Atlantic. Retrieved 2020-10-25.
  16. ↑ Anekwe, Lilian (February 12, 2020). "Drugs may be able to fix our romantic lives when things go wrong". New Scientist. Archived from the original on 2020-02-13. Retrieved 2020-10-29.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.