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The United States Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) is a cabinet-level executive branch department of the U.S. federal government created to protect the health of the U.S. people and providing essential human services. Its motto is "Improving the health,safety,and well-being of America". Before the separate federal Department of Education was created in 1979,it was called the Department of Health,Education,and Welfare (HEW).
The United States federal executive departments are the principal units of the executive branch of the federal government of the United States. They are analogous to ministries common in parliamentary or semi-presidential systems but they are led by a head of government who is also the head of state. The executive departments are the administrative arms of the president of the United States. There are currently 15 executive departments.
The Master of Public Policy (MPP),is one of several public policy degrees. An MPP is a master's-level professional degree that provides training in policy analysis and program evaluation at public policy schools. The MPP program places a focus on the systematic analysis of issues related to public policy and the decision processes associated with them. This includes training in the role of economic and political factors in public decision-making and policy formulation;microeconomic analysis of policy options and issues;resource allocation and decision modeling;cost/benefit analysis;statistical methods;and various applications to specific public policy topics. MPP recipients serve or have served in the public sector,at the international,national,subnational,and local levels and the private sector.
Public administration, or public policy and administration is the collective process through which public policy is created and implemented. It is also the subfield of political science that studies policy processes and the structures,functions,and behavior of public institutions and their relationships with a broader society. Public administration students generally take up employment across the public sector and non-profit civic sector,but also have opportunities to work in the for-profit private sector,especially in roles related to civil service,think tanks,politics,government relations and lobbying,public relations,regulatory affairs and regulatory compliance,consulting,trade associations,corporate social responsibility (CSR),environmental,social,and governance (ESG),public procurement (PP),public-private partnerships (P3),and business-to-government marketing/sales (B2G).
Government spending or expenditure includes all government consumption,investment,and transfer payments. In national income accounting,the acquisition by governments of goods and services for current use,to directly satisfy the individual or collective needs of the community,is classed as government final consumption expenditure. Government acquisition of goods and services intended to create future benefits,such as infrastructure investment or research spending,is classed as government investment. These two types of government spending,on final consumption and on gross capital formation,together constitute one of the major components of gross domestic product.
The Doctor of Public Administration (D.P.A.) is a terminal applied-research doctoral degree in the field of public administration (a part of public service). The D.P.A. requires significant coursework beyond the masters level and a dissertation that contributes to theory or practice. Upon successful completion,the title of "Doctor" is awarded and the post-nominal letters of D.P.A. or DPA can be used.
American Society for Public Administration (ASPA) is a membership association of almost 10,000 professionals in the United States sponsoring conferences and providing professional services primarily to those who study the implementation of government policy,public administration,and,to a lesser degree,programs of civil society. Its annual conference is an important meeting for those interested in bureaucracy,civic engagement,program evaluation,public management and other public administration topics,such as budgeting and budget theory,government strategic planning,policy analysis,contract administration,personnel management,and related topics.
A public policy school or school of public affairs is typically a university program,institution,or professional school of public policy,public administration,political science,international relations,security studies,management,urban planning,urban studies,intelligence studies,global studies,emergency management,public affairs,nonprofit management,criminology,and the sociology of law.
The Network of Schools of Public Policy,Affairs,and Administration (NASPAA) is a Washington,D.C.-based non-profit organization. It is an international association and accreditation body of public affairs schools also known as schools of public policy and administration at universities in the United States and abroad. NASPAA is also the sole body in the United States recognized by the Council for Higher Education Accreditation (CHEA) as the accreditor of master's degree programs in public policy (MPP),public affairs (MPAff),and public administration (MPA). Its stated mission is to "ensure excellence in education and training for public service and to promote the ideal of public service." It administers the honor society Pi Alpha Alpha.
The Graduate School of Public and International Affairs (GSPIA) is one of 17 schools comprising the University of Pittsburgh. Founded in 1957 to study national and international public administration,GSPIA prides itself on its "Local to Global" distinction. As of 2018,it is one of only two policy schools with programs in the top 20 for both International Relations and City Management and Urban Policy. The former mayor of Pittsburgh,Bill Peduto,is a GSPIA alumnus.
The Daniel J. Evans School of Public Policy and Governance is the school of public policy of the University of Washington in Seattle,Washington. The school is named after former Washington State Governor and U.S. Senator Daniel J. Evans.
The Schar School of Policy and Government - SSPG,is the public policy school of George Mason University,a public research university in the Commonwealth of Virginia near Washington,D.C. Established as Northern Virginia's first public policy school with locations in Arlington and Fairfax County,the school's political science curriculum has a professional education and applied emphasis on public administration and national security at both the undergraduate and graduate levels,in addition to a traditional liberal arts education,while also maintaining an active role within all five major subfields of political science known as political philosophy,political methodology,comparative politics,international relations,public policy and public administration.
The Trachtenberg School, officially the Trachtenberg School of Public Policy and Public Administration (TSPPPA), is the graduate public policy school in the Columbian College of Arts and Sciences of the George Washington University,in Washington,D.C.
The Johns Hopkins Public Management Program is a public policy school affiliated with Johns Hopkins University in Washington,D.C. MA in Public Management emphasizes the fundamentals of public management:financial management,policy analysis,tax and budget policy,and public administration. The curriculum is designed for working professionals in the government and nonprofit sector. Courses may be taken at a full- or part-time pace. The program is led by Paul Weinstein,and offers a 12 course Master of Arts in Public Management. l The program began in 2011 and combines a rigorous curriculum with faculty from academia,government,nonprofit,and the private sector. A master's degree in public policy is geared toward analysts who want to delve fully into the details of economics,public finance and research. A master's in public administration is for those who are focused on the management of staff in government agencies,nonprofits and other organizations. Students usually choose one or the other. A Masters in Public Management tries to combines the two. The M.A. in Public Management have to take four core courses from a list that includes;Public Policy Evaluation and the Policy Process,Financial Management and Analysis in the Public Sector,Economics for Public Decision Making,Essentials of Public and Private Management,Quantitative Methods,and Principles of Nonprofit Management. Students choose seven electives and complete a capstone project of their own design. The goal of the capstone is to provide a detailed solution to an identified problem.
Followership is the actions of someone in a subordinate role. It can also be considered as a specific set of skills that complement leadership,a role within a hierarchical organization,a social construct that is integral to the leadership process,or the behaviors engaged in while interacting with leaders in an effort to meet organizational objectives. As such,followership is best defined as an intentional practice on the part of the subordinate to enhance the synergetic interchange between the follower and the leader.
Gender budgeting means preparing budgets or analyzing them from a gender perspective. Also referred to as gender-sensitive budgeting,this practice does not entail dividing budgets for women. It aims at dealing with budgetary gender inequality issues,including gender hierarchies and the discrepancies between women's and men's salaries. At its core,gender budgeting is a feminist policy with a primary goal of re-orienting the allocation of public resources,advocating for an advanced decision-making role for women in important issues,and securing equity in the distribution of resources between men and women. Gender budgeting allows governments to promote equality through fiscal policies by taking analyses of a budget's differing impacts on the sexes as well as setting goals or targets for equality and allocating funds to support those goals. This practice does not always target intentional discrimination but rather forces an awareness of the effects of financial schemes on all genders.
The University of Colorado Denver School of Public Affairs is located in the Lower Downtown ("LoDo") district of Denver,Colorado. The School is fully accredited by the Network of Schools of Public Policy,Affairs,and Administration (NASPAA). The School offers graduate programs in public administration,public affairs,and criminal justice,and undergraduate programs in criminal justice and public service.
Jack Wayne Meek is University of La Verne Academy Professor and Professor Emeritus of Public Administration at the College of Law and Public Service at the University of La Verne.,where he previously served as Director of Center Research for the College of Business and Public Management. He curruently offers and annual lecture for Public Service and Law Students at the University of La Verne.
The Journal of Public Affairs Education is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal of public administration education that is published by Routledge on behalf of the Network of Schools of Public Policy,Affairs,and Administration. Since 2024,the editors-in-chief are Sara Rinfret and Sarah Young.
Mary E. Guy is an American political scientist,public administration scholar,academic,and author. She is a professor at School of Public Affairs at University of Colorado Denver.
References
- 1 2 3 "Bruce D. McDonald, III". National League of Cities. January 14, 2021.
- 1 2 School, Durham University Business. "People – Durham University Business School". www.durham.ac.uk.
{{cite web}}:|first=has generic name (help) - ↑ "TALK SERIES: Journal of Public Affairs education x asia pacific society for public affairs". April 27, 2022.
- 1 2 "Department of Public Administration Faculty and Staff Receive Awards". School of Public and International Affairs.
- 1 2 "2021 NASPAA Award Winners | NASPAA". www.naspaa.org.
- 1 2 "Awards". aspanet.org.
- ↑ Bruce D. McDonald, I. I. I.; McDougle, Lindsey M. (April 1, 2018). "Introduction to the Issue". Journal of Public and Nonprofit Affairs. 4 (1): 5–6. doi: 10.20899/jpna.4.1.5-6 – via www.jpna.org.
- ↑ "Public Administration Finance Journal". College of Public Affairs and Community Service. February 24, 2023.
- ↑ "Public Administration – Wiley Online Library".
- ↑ "Routledge Public Affairs Education – Book Series – Routledge & CRC Press". www.routledge.com.
- ↑ "A Weekend with the Editors". The University of Tokyo.
- ↑ "Slabach Named MPA Student of the Year". Indiana University South Bend.
- ↑ "The Challenges and Implications of Fiscal Health".
- 1 2 "Regions Beyond International". regionsbeyond.org.
- ↑ "Leadership". Western Front Pilgrimages.
- ↑ "Executive Council | NASPAA". www.naspaa.org.
- ↑ "Bruce D. McDonald, III". scholar.google.com.
- ↑ Overton, Michael (August 1, 2021). "The Public Affairs Faculty Manual: A Guide to the Effective Management of Public Affairs Programs Edited by Bruce McDonald III and William Hatcher". Journal of Public and Nonprofit Affairs. 7 (2): 293–296. doi: 10.20899/jpna.7.2.293-296 – via www.jpna.org.
- ↑ Hrůza, Filip (May 9, 2023). "Book Review: Understanding Municipal Fiscal Health: Understanding Municipal Fiscal Health A Model for Local Governments in the USA , by Craig S. Maher, Sungho Park, Bruce D. McDonald III, Steven C. Deller, New York, Routledge, 2023, 350 pp., £35.99 (paperback), ISBN 9781032055428". International Journal of Public Administration. 46 (11): 795–796. doi:10.1080/01900692.2023.2208771. S2CID 258600588 – via CrossRef.
- ↑ D, Mcdonald Bruce; J, Eger Robert (2010). "The Defense-Growth Relationship: An Economic Investigation into Post-Soviet States". Peace Economics, Peace Science, and Public Policy. 16 (1): 1–28. doi:10.2202/1554-8597.1191. S2CID 54889268.
- ↑ McDonald, Bruce D.; Reitano, Vincent (October 20, 2016). "Sanction Failure: Economic Growth, Defense Expenditures, and the Islamic Republic of Iran". Armed Forces & Society. 42 (4): 635–654. doi:10.1177/0095327X16631095. S2CID 220723443 – via CrossRef.
- ↑ McDonald, Bruce D. (April 3, 2021). "A human capital model of the defense-growth relationship". The Social Science Journal. 58 (2): 247–261. doi:10.1016/j.soscij.2019.04.005. S2CID 163092187 – via CrossRef.
- ↑ McDonald, Bruce D. (July 20, 2015). "Does the Charter Form Improve the Fiscal Health of Counties?". Public Administration Review. 75 (4): 609–618. doi:10.1111/puar.12389 – via CrossRef.
- ↑ "Measuring the Fiscal Health of Municipalities".
- ↑ McDonald, Bruce D. (March 20, 2018). "Local Governance and the Issue of Fiscal Health". State and Local Government Review. 50 (1): 46–55. doi: 10.1177/0160323X18765919 .
- ↑ McDonald, Bruce D.; Decker, J. W.; Johnson, Brad A. M. (May 20, 2021). "You Don't Always Get What You Want: The Effect of Financial Incentives on State Fiscal Health". Public Administration Review. 81 (3): 365–374. doi:10.1111/puar.13163 – via CrossRef.
- ↑ McDonald, Bruce; Larson, Sarah (July 22, 2020). "Implications of the Coronavirus on Sales Tax Revenue and Local Government Fiscal Health". doi:10.2139/ssrn.3571827. S2CID 216460277. SSRN 3571827 – via Social Science Research Network.
- ↑ McDonald, Bruce; McCandless, Sean (December 22, 2021). "Incorporating Social Equity". doi:10.2139/ssrn.4426037. SSRN 4426037 – via Social Science Research Network.
- ↑ Bruce D. McDonald, I. I. I. (August 1, 2021). "Achieving Social Equity: From Problems to Solutions by Mary E. Guy and Sean A. McCandless". Journal of Public and Nonprofit Affairs. 7 (2): 297–299. doi: 10.20899/jpna.7.2.297-299 – via jpna.org.
- ↑ McDonald, Bruce; McCandless, Sean (April 19, 2023). "Budgeting for Social Equity: Exploring the (Nearly) Unknown". doi:10.2139/ssrn.4040299. S2CID 248008056. SSRN 4040299 – via Social Science Research Network.
- ↑ Jin, Myung; McDonald, Bruce; Park, Jaehee (January 1, 2016). "Followership and job satisfaction in the public sector: The moderating role of perceived supervisor support and performance-oriented culture". International Journal of Public Sector Management. 29 (3): 218–237. doi:10.1108/IJPSM-05-2015-0101 – via Emerald Insight.
- ↑ Jin, Myung H.; McDonald, Bruce (November 20, 2017). "Understanding Employee Engagement in the Public Sector: The Role of Immediate Supervisor, Perceived Organizational Support, and Learning Opportunities". The American Review of Public Administration. 47 (8): 881–897. doi:10.1177/0275074016643817. S2CID 147542651 – via CrossRef.
- ↑ Jin, Myung Hun; McDonald, Bruce; Park, Jaehee (June 20, 2018). "Person–Organization Fit and Turnover Intention: Exploring the Mediating Role of Employee Followership and Job Satisfaction Through Conservation of Resources Theory". Review of Public Personnel Administration. 38 (2): 167–192. doi:10.1177/0734371X16658334. S2CID 151971180 – via CrossRef.
- ↑ Jin, Myung H.; McDonald, Bruce; Park, Jaehee (January 20, 2018). "Does Public Service Motivation Matter in Public Higher Education? Testing the Theories of Person–Organization Fit and Organizational Commitment Through a Serial Multiple Mediation Model". The American Review of Public Administration. 48 (1): 82–97. doi:10.1177/0275074016652243. S2CID 148049544 – via CrossRef.
- ↑ Iii, Bruce D. McDonald; Hatcher, William; Abbott, Michaela E. (June 21, 2022). "History of public administration education in the United States". Handbook of Teaching Public Administration. Edward Elgar Publishing. pp. 57–64. doi:10.4337/9781800375697.00018. ISBN 978-1-80037-569-7 – via www.elgaronline.com.
- ↑ Stivers, Camilla; McDonald, Bruce (July 3, 2023). "Teaching public administration historically". Journal of Public Affairs Education. 29 (3): 275–279. doi: 10.1080/15236803.2023.2205805 .
- ↑ McDonald, Bruce D (March 20, 2023). "The dark horse of public administration: The challenge of pedagogical research". Teaching Public Administration. 41 (1): 3–10. doi:10.1177/01447394231159983. S2CID 257123660 – via CrossRef.