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132 seats in the House of Representatives 67 seats needed for a majority | |||||||||||||||||
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This article is part of a series on the politics and government of Myanmar |
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General elections were held in Burma on 26 November 1936. The Government of Burma Act 1935 separated Burma from British India as of 1 April 1937, [1] and created a 36-seat Senate and a 132-seat House of Representatives. [2] The pro-constitution United GCBA of U Ba Pe emerged as the largest bloc in the House of Representatives, winning 46 seats. However, few parties were willing to work with U Ba Pe, [3] and the Governor invited Ba Maw to form a government, [4] despite his Poor Man's Party winning only 16 seats. Maw became Chief Minister after forming a coalition with Chit Hlaing and other "moderate extremists". [5] [4]
The British Raj was the rule by the British Crown in the Indian subcontinent from 1858 to 1947. The rule is also called Crown rule in India, or direct rule in India. The region under British control was commonly called British India or simply India in contemporaneous usage, and included areas directly administered by the United Kingdom, which were collectively called British India, and those ruled by indigenous rulers, but under British tutelage or paramountcy, and called the princely states. The whole was also informally called the Indian Empire. As India, it was a founding member of the League of Nations, a participating nation in the Summer Olympics in 1900, 1920, 1928, 1932, and 1936, and a founding member of the United Nations in San Francisco in 1945.
The United GCBA, also known as the Ngawbinwsaing, was a political party in Burma led by U Ba Pe.
Ba Maw was a Burmese political leader, active during the interwar and World War II period.
The 132 seats in House of Representatives consisted of 91 members elected in single-member non-communal constituencies and 41 members elected from reserved seats. [6] However, large areas of the country in the north and east including the Shan States remained directly governed by the Governor and did not elect members of the House. [4] [2] Half of the 36 seats in the Senate were appointed by the Governor, whilst the remaining half were elected by members of the House of Representatives. [2]
The Shan States (1885–1948) were a collection of minor Shan kingdoms called mueang whose rulers bore the title saopha in British Burma. They were analogous to the princely states of British India.
Seat type | Number |
---|---|
General constituencies | 91 |
Karen constituencies | 12 |
Urban Indian constituencies | 8 |
Burma Chamber of Commerce constituency | 5 |
European constituency | 3 |
Anglo-Burman constituency | 2 |
Burma Indian Chamber of Commerce constituency | 2 |
Indian Labour constituencies | 2 |
Non-Indian Labour constituencies | 2 |
Burmese Chamber of Commerce constituency | 1 |
Chinese Chamber of Commerce constituency | 1 |
Nattukottai Chettyar's Association constituency | 1 |
Rangoon Trades Association constituency | 1 |
Rangoon University constituency | 1 |
Total | 132 |
Several of the reserved seats were uncontested, including Bassein North (Karen), Mandalay Indian Urban, the three-member European constituency, the Burmese Chamber of Commerce seat, the Nakkukottai Chettyar's Association seat, the five-member Burma Chamber of Commerce constituency, the Rangoon Trades Association seat and the Chinese Chamber of Commerce seat. [6]
Party | Votes | % | Seats |
---|---|---|---|
General seats | |||
United GCBA | 46 | ||
Poor Man's Party | 16 | ||
Hlaing-Myat-Paw GCBA | 12 | ||
Komin Kochin Aphwe | 3 | ||
Fabian Party | 0 | ||
Independent Party | 0 | ||
Independents | 14 | ||
Reserved seats | |||
Karen seats | 12 | ||
Commercial seats | 521 | – | 11 |
Indian seats | 31,596 | – | 8 |
European seats | – | – | 3 |
Indian Labour seats | 19,546 | – | 2 |
Non-Indian Labour seats | 8,747 | – | 2 |
Anglo-Burman seat | 9,050 | – | 2 |
Rangoon University seat | 200 | – | 1 |
Total | 132 | ||
Source: Singh, [6] Cady [7] |
Despite winning the most seats, the United GCBA was unable to form a government as the party began to split soon after the elections. This allowed the Poor Man's Party to put together a coalition government which took power in March 1937; it included former People's Party member U Pu, U Paw Tun from the Hlaing-Myat-Paw GCBA, Saw Pe Tha from the Karen group and U Htoon Aung Gyaw from the Arakanese. Poor Man's Party MPs U Tharrawaddy Maung Maung and Thein Maung were also appointed to the cabinet, whilst Chit Hlaing became Speaker of the House. The government also gained support from the commercial MPs, many of the Poor Man's Party's more radical campaign promises were dropped. [8]
The People's Party was a political party in Burma.
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Chit Hlaing was a notable Burmese politician. During his time, he was called a Burmese king without a crown, and was popular in rural Burma. He was imprisoned when the British Crown Prince of Wales visited Burma in 1921.
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