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 Myanmarportal |
The Independent Party, also known as the Golden Valley Party or , [1] [2] was a pro-British political party in Burma during the 1920s and 1930s. Its leadership included Joseph Augustus Maung Gyi, U Khin and U May Oung. [2] Oscar de Glanville was also a party leader.
The party was established as the Progressive Party in 1922, [3] evolving from the senior faction of the Young Men's Buddhist Association, whose members were conservative, western-educated and willing to accept the colonial system of government. [2]
Although the 1922 general elections saw the 21 Party emerge as the largest party in the Legislative Council, its leader Ba Pe refused to form a government with the Golden Valley Party, allowing Maung Gyi to head the new government. [4]
In 1925 the party was renamed the Independent Party, [5] also becoming known as the Golden Valley Party (Shwe Taung Gyar) in reference to the upper-class suburbs in which its leaders lived, [1] but was not formally organised, nor had any popular support. [2] The elections later that year (in which it won 20 of the 80 seats) [2] and 1928 elections (12 seats) ended with the same outcome due to favouritism by the British authorities. [4]
The party contested the 1932 elections calling for the separation of Burma from India, but were defeated by the anti-separatists, who won a landslide; [2] Ba Maw of the Mawmyintbye Party became Chief Minister. It failed to win a seat in the 1936 elections.
The history of Myanmar covers the period from the time of first-known human settlements 13,000 years ago to the present day. The earliest inhabitants of recorded history were a Tibeto-Burman-speaking people who established the Pyu city-states ranged as far south as Pyay and adopted Theravada Buddhism.
Nu, commonly known as U Nu and also by the honorific name Thakin Nu, was a leading Burmese statesman and nationalist politician. He was the first Prime Minister of Burma under the provisions of the 1947 Constitution of the Union of Burma, from 4 January 1948 to 12 June 1956, again from 28 February 1957 to 28 October 1958, and finally from 4 April 1960 to 2 March 1962.
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Ba Swe was the second Prime Minister of Burma. He was a leading Burmese politician during the decade after the country gained its independence from Britain in 1948. He held the position of prime minister from 12 June 1956 to 28 February 1957. When Ba Swe became prime minister, Time magazine reported the news in an article titled: 'The Day of the Tiger' based on his nickname 'Big Tiger' since his university days in the 1930s as a student leader.
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The Burma Workers Party, until 1958 the Burma Workers and Peasants Party, was a communist party in Burma, formed on 8 December 1950 by leftist elements of the Socialist Party. In December 1962 it merged with the People's Comrade Party to form the United Workers Party. In March 1964, it was among the many parties banned by decree of the Revolutionary Council.
Dobama Asiayone, commonly known as the Thakhins, was a Burmese nationalist group formed around the 1930s and composed of young, disgruntled intellectuals. Drawing their name from the way in which the British were addressed during colonial times, the party was established by Ba Thaung in May 1930, bringing together traditionalist Buddhist nationalist elements and fresh political ideals. It was significant in stirring up political consciousness in Burma, and drew most of its support base from students.
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General elections were held in Burma on 9 November 1932, having originally been planned for 29 October. The election was held almost solely on the issue of whether Burma should separate from India, as the British government had indicated that it would take the outcome of the elections as an indication of Burmese opinion. Prior to the elections many of the major parties joined either the Anti-Separation League or the Separation League.
Legislative Council elections were held in Burma on 21 November 1922, the first in the country's history.
Elections to the Legislative Council were held in Burma on 17 November 1925. Under the terms of the dyarchy constitution, the Legislative Council of Burma was advisory to the British colonial governor, and had some direct authority over education, local government, public health, agriculture and forests. The Nationalist Party received the most votes, but was unable to form a government as the British authorities favoured the Independent Party, who formed a government led by Joseph Augustus Maung Gyi.
The Legislative Council of Burma was the legislative body of British Burma from 1897 to 1936.
Colonel Kyi Maung was a Burmese Army officer and politician. Originally a member of the military-backed Union Revolutionary Council that seized power in 1962, Kyi Maung resigned from the ruling council in 1963 after a public disagreement with General Ne Win, the leader of the council, on the military's long-term role in government. He joined the National League for Democracy, led by Aung San Suu Kyi, in 1988 and won a seat in the Hluttaw from Bahan Township in the 1990 general election. He was vice-chairman of the NLD from 1988 to 1997. He was imprisoned four times for a total of 12 years by successive military governments.
The 21 Party was a political party in Burma in the 1920s led by U Ba Pe.
The United GCBA, also known as the Ngawbinwsaing, was a political party in Burma led by U Ba Pe.
The communist insurgency in Burma was waged primarily by the Communist Party of Burma and the Communist Party (Burma) from 1948 to 1989. The conflict ended when the CPB, severely weakened by an internal mutiny, disbanded its armed wing.
