Bursuuk | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Regions with significant populations | |
| Ethiopia | |
| Languages | |
| Somali | |
| Religion | |
| Islam (Sunni) | |
| Related ethnic groups | |
| Gadabuursi, Issa, Gurgura, Akisho, Bimaal, Surre and other Dir groups |
The Bursuuk (Somali: Barsuug) or also written as Barsuk, Barsuq and Barsoub is a clan belonging to Madahweyne sub-clan of the Dir clan family. [1] They largely live in Ethiopia, in the Somali Region, especially around the ancient city of Harar and between the city and Jigjiga. [2] [3]
The Bursuuk were one of the Somali clans that fought on the left flank of Imam Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi's army during the Ethiopian-Adal War. [4] According to Antoine d'Abbadie, he notes that the Barentu Oromo had occupied Dakkar from the Bursuuk which they have integrated in their mythology. [5] [6]
The Bursuuk are considered one of the native Dir tribes of Harar. [7] During the Egyptian occupation of Harar, the Bursuuk resisted the Egyptian colonizers and fought many battles against them.[ citation needed ] During the Egyptian retreat from Harar, they burned many Barsuuk villages. In retaliation, the Bursuuk attacked the retreating Egyptian troops, and looted caravans of the Habr Awal clan. [8] Richard Burton described the Bursuuk as one of "the Somalis of the mountains" who derive themselves from the Dir.
During 1854 that they were at war with three different clans or tribes: the Girhi, the Berteri and the Gallas (who are known today as Oromos). [9]
Harar, known historically by the indigenous as Harar-Gey or simply Gey, is a walled city in eastern Ethiopia. It is also known in Arabic as the City of Saints.
The Adal Sultanate also known as the Adal Empire, or Bar Saʿad dīn was a medieval Sunni Muslim Empire which was located in the Horn of Africa. It was founded by Sabr ad-Din III on the Harar plateau in Adal after the fall of the Sultanate of Ifat. The kingdom flourished c. 1415 to 1577. At its height, the polity under Sultan Badlay controlled the territory stretching from Cape Guardafui in Somalia to the port city of Suakin in Sudan. The Adal Empire maintained a robust commercial and political relationship with the Ottoman Empire. Sultanate of Adal was alternatively known as the federation of Zeila.
Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi was the Imam of the Adal Sultanate from 1527 to 1543. Commonly named Ahmed Gragn in Amharic and Gurey in Somali, both meaning the left-handed, he led the invasion and conquest of Abyssinia from the Sultanate of Adal during the Ethiopian-Adal War. He is often referred to as the "King of Zeila" in medieval texts.
Zeila, also known as Zaila or Zayla, is a historical port town in the western Awdal region of Somaliland.
The Dir is one of the largest and most prominent Somali clans in the Horn of Africa. They are also considered to be the oldest Somali stock to have inhabited the region. Its members inhabit Djibouti, Somalia, Ethiopia, and northeastern Kenya.
The Gadabuursi, also known as Samaroon, is a northern Somali clan, a sub-division of the Dir clan family.
The Marehan is a Somali clan, which is part of one of the largest Somali clan families, the Darod.
The Issa is a northern Somali clan, a sub-division of the Dir clan family.
Nur al-Din or Nur ibn Mujahidibn ‘Ali ibn ‘Abdullah al Dhuhi Suha was a Emir of Harar who ruled over the Adal Sultanate. He was known for marrying his uncle's widow, Bati del Wambara, and he also succeeded Imam Ahmad as leader of the Muslim forces fighting Christian Ethiopia. He is often known as the "King of Adel" in medieval texts.
The Harari people are a Semitic-speaking ethnic group which inhabits the Horn of Africa. Members of this ethnic group traditionally reside in the walled city of Harar, simply called Gēy "the City" in Harari, situated in the Harari Region of eastern Ethiopia. They speak the Harari language, a member of the South Ethiopic grouping within the Semitic subfamily of the Afroasiatic languages.
The Harla, also known as Harala, Haralla are an ethnic group that once inhabited Ethiopia, Somalia, and Djibouti. They spoke the now-extinct Harla language, which belonged to either the Cushitic or Semitic branches of the Afroasiatic family.
The Oromo expansions, also known as the Oromo migrations or the Oromo invasions, were a series of expansions in the 16th and 17th centuries by the Oromo. Prior to their great expansion in the 16th century, the Oromo inhabited only the area of what is now modern-day southern Ethiopia and northern Kenya. Over the centuries due to many factors, mostly the wars between Adal Sultanate and Ethiopia would further encourage the numerous Oromo tribes to expand towards central and eastern modern Ethiopia.
The Jaarso, Giarso or Jaarsoo is a northern Somali clan, a sub-division of the Dir clan family. They largely live in Ethiopia, in the Oromo Region and the Somali Region, especially around the ancient cities of Chinaksen, Harar and between the city and Jigjiga.
The Gurgura, Gorgorah or Gurgure is a northern Somali clan, a sub-division of the Dir clan family.
The Isaaq Sultanate was a Somali kingdom that ruled parts of the Horn of Africa during the 18th and 19th centuries. It spanned the territories of the Isaaq clan in modern-day Somaliland and Ethiopia. The sultanate was governed by the Rer Guled branch of the Garhajis clan and is the pre-colonial predecessor to the modern Republic of Somaliland.
The Egyptian invasion of the Eastern Horn of Africa namely Hararghe and western Somaliland was part of a conflict between the Sultan of Aussa, Oromo, Somali tribesmen, and the Khedivate of Egypt from 1874 to 1885. In 1874, the Egyptians invaded Eastern Ethiopia namely Hararghe and western section of Somaliland and ruled it for 11 years.
Dakkar, also known as Dakar, or Deker, was a historical Muslim town located in present-day eastern Ethiopia. It served as the first capital of the Adal Sultanate after its founding in the early 15th century by Sabr ad-Din III.
The Geri Koombe is a sub-clan of Darod, The Geri are a Somali clan and one of the most ancient clans in the Somali civilization with the earliest records of Garadship. It belongs to the largest Somali groups, the Darod. The Geri live in the Ethiopian region of Somali between Harar and Jigjiga, in Wardheer zone, in Bale, Bay and Kismayo regions and in Northern Frontier District of Kenya.
Ahmed Girri Bin Hussein(Soomali: Axmed Girri Bin Xussein Arabic أحمد جرئ بن حسين الصومالي) was a Somali military commander and Adalite general that served the Adal Sultanate. He was the right-hand man of Imam Ahmed ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi and played a very prominent role in the campaigns against the Abyssinians by bringing one of the largest armies to aid the imam. Ahmed Girri Bin hussein hailed from the Yabarray clan. He was also the chieftain of Habr Maqdi which was a confederation of Yabarray and Bartirre. He was regarded as one of the most capable generals along with Garaad Matan.
The Habr Maqdi (Arabic:هبرمقدي) was a historical Somali confederation that composed of multiple clans such as the Bartire and Yabarre who are considered now apart of the Jidwaaq and come under the Absame Darod branch. The Habr Maqdi are well known for their conquests in Abyssinia as they had played a very prominent role in Ethiopian-Adal War. They are famous for bringing the largest army and were very loyal to Imam Ahmed. Richard Burton documented the Berteri branch of Habr Maqdi to have long been connected with the emirs of Harar. Both sub-clans of Habr Maqdi are mentioned explicitly in Futuh al-Habesh
bursuk%20somali.