Harti (Somali: Harti) is a Somali clan that traces its lineage back to Saleh Abdi Harti. They are a sub-clan of the larger Darod clan.[1] Notable sub-clans within Harti include the Majeerteen, Warsengeli, Dishishe, and the Dhulbahante.[2][3][4] They predominantly reside in the apex of the Horn of Africa and its surrounding regions.[5] Furthermore, in the southern territories, the clan's settlements span both sides of the Kenya-Somalia border.[6][7][8]
The Majeerteen Sultanate (Migiurtinia) was founded in the mid-18th century. It rose to prominence the following century, under the reign of the resourceful Boqor (King) Osman Mahamuud.[9] Centred in Aluula, it controlled much of northern and central Somalia in the 19th and early 20th centuries. The polity maintained a robust trading network, entered into treaties with foreign powers, and exerted strong centralized authority on the domestic front.[10][11]
With the gradual extension of European colonial rule into northern Somalia, all three sultanates were annexed to Italian Somaliland and British Somaliland in the early 20th century.
Darawiish sultanate-emirate-chieftainship
(Abdi) Nur Hedik (white shirt), wearing the emblematic Kuuk Darawiish prayer bead on his left wrist and the emblematic Darawiish duubcad turban on his head; Hedik was the commander of Dooxato (Darawiish cavalry) who had a Shiikhyaale division named after him, was of the western Ugaadhyahan clan.
The Darawiish, mostly hailed from the Dhulbahante and drew the majority of its followers from this clan; the four major Darawiish administrative divisions, i.e. Dooxato, Shiikhyaale, Golaweyne and Miinanle were near exclusively Dhulbahante.[12][13][14] The Dhulbahante in Buuhodle were particularly the first and most persistent supporters of the Dervish chieftainship-emirate-sultanate.[15] The Dervish chieftainship-sultanate resisted colonial occupation, especially the British who were aided by other Somali clans.[16]
Foundation of Puntland
In 1998, the Harti community convened at Garowe to discuss their political future. The conference lasted for a period of three months. Attended by the area's political elite, traditional elders (Issims), members of the business community, intellectuals and other civil society representatives, the autonomous Puntland State of Somalia was established to deliver services to the population, offer security, facilitate trade, and interact with domestic and international partners.[17]Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed served as the fledgling state's founding president.[18]
There is no clear agreement on the clan and sub-clan structures and many lineages are omitted. The following listing is taken from the World Bank's Conflict in Somalia: Drivers and Dynamics from 2005 and the United Kingdom's Home Office publication, Somalia Assessment 2001.[19][20]
Mohamed Geedeeye, first mayor-representative of Caynabo for Garad Ali's USP party
Ibrahim Eid, first mayor-representative of Xudun for Garad Ali's USP party
Said Mohamed Rage, Founder of Puntland counter-piracy & maritime crimes authority
Enterprisers
The last residents of the Silsilad fort were Haji Yusuf Barre, the singlehanded defender of Taleh, Mohamud Hosh (pictured), the last castellan of Taleh and Jama Biixi Kidin, an abandoned Darawiish child prisoner.Ministero delle Colonie depicts that Illig treaty cedes Boocame district, Taleh district, Xudun district, Las Anod district, Bookh district (of Ethiopia) and Nugaal province territories to Darawiish.
Aadan Carab, poet who documented the Dhulbahante genocide at the hands of European colonialists during the Darawiish era
Afqarshe Ismail, former Darawiish spokesman-poet; and first person to die in an airstrike in Africa
Iman (Zara Mohamed Abdulmajid), a Somali-American fashion model, actress and entrepreneur. A pioneer in the ethnic-cosmetics market, she is also noted for her philanthropic work. She is the widow of English rock musician David Bowie.
Abdulqawi Yusuf, lawyer and judge at the International Court of Justice.
Ali A. Abdi, sociologist and educationist, professor of education and international development, the University of British Columbia.
Abdullahi (Daan) Saleh Yusuf, notable businessman from the geesaguule sub-clan of harti
Osman Mahamuud, King of the Majeerteen Sultanate (mid-1800s – early 1900s)
Politicians
Ismaaciil, son of darawiish peace-time prime minister Xaashi Suni Fooyaan.Aadan Carab reported on the Dhulbahante genocide at the hands of European colonialists during the Darawiish era in his poem Diidda ama Yeella.The scout of Darawiish head of intelligence, Serar Shawe.1903 drawing by Melton Prior depicting the Battle of Cagaarweyne commanded by Suleiman Aden Galaydh, Maxamuud Dheri and Diiriye Guure
Abdirizak Jurile, Veteran Politician, Former Minister of Planning and In't Cooperations of Somalia. Former Minister of Postal cooperation of Somalia. Diplomat, Head of numerous UN organizations and professor.
Abdullahi Bile Noor, longest served Somali MP, State-Minister of Education and Higher learning of Somalia Government
Hassan Abshir Farah, former Mogadishu mayor, Somalia ambassador to Japan and later to Germany, interior minister of Puntland
Omar Fateh, first Somali and Muslim State Senator in Minnesota
Hassan Ali Mire, first Minister of Education of the Somali Democratic Republic; former Chairman of the Somali Salvation Democratic Front (SSDF).
Hirsi Magan Isse, scholar and revolutionary leader with the Somali Salvation Democratic Front (SSDF).
Ilhan Omar, a Somali-American politician, currently a member of the Minnesota House of Representatives representing the 60B district. On November 6, 2018, Omar was elected to the United States House of Representatives for Minnesota's 5th congressional district. She was the first Somali member of congress and the second female Muslim to be elected (the first is Rashida Tlaib who will represent Michigan's 13th congressional district) She will be officially sworn into office on January 3, 2019.
Jama Ali Jama, Colonel in the Somali military and former President of Puntland
↑ De Vries, Lotje; Englebert, Pierre; Schomerus, Schomerus (21 September 2018). Secessionism in African Politics: Aspiration, Grievance, Performance, Disenchantment. Springer. p.96.
↑ Feyissa, Dereje; Höhne, Markus V. (2010). Borders & Borderlands as Resources in the Horn of Africa. Boydell and Brewer. p.114.
↑ Hoehne, Markus V. (2006). "Political identity, emerging state structures and conflict in northern Somalia". Journal of Modern African Studies. 44 (4): 405.
↑ Spearce, Walter (August 1903). Somali Campaign. The third leader is Deeria Goori, of the Dolbahanta tribe, who was badly wounded at the Battle of Gunrburru ... These men are the heads of their respective tribes, and are all wealthy and powerful.
↑ Osman Omar, Mohamed (2001). The Scramble in the Horn of Africa; History of Somalia (1827-1977)(PDF). Indiana University. p.333. Archived from the original(PDF) on 2018-07-13. . This letter is sent by all the Dervishes, the Amir, and all the Dolbahanta to the Ruler of Berbera ... We are a Government, we have a Sultan, an Amir, and Chiefs, and subjects ... In his last letter the Mullah pretends to speak in the name of the Dervishes, their Amir (himself), and the Dolbahanta tribes. This letter shows his object is to establish himself as the Ruler of the Dolbahanta, and it has a Mahdist look
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