External links
 By-elections to the Russian State Duma | |
|---|---|
See also: Russian elections |
By-elections to the 4th State Duma of the Russian Federation were held to fill vacant seats in the State Duma between the 2003 election and the 2007 election.
| Constituency | Date | Former MP | Party | Cause | Winner | Party | Retained | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Verkh-Isetsky No.162, Sverdlovsk Oblast | 14 March 2004 | None | None | Nobody received enough votes in the general election | Yevgeny Zyablitsev | Independent | Yes | ||
| Ulyanovsk No.181, Ulyanovsk Oblast | 14 March 2004 | None | None | Nobody received enough votes in the general election | Vacant. By-election declared invalid due to against all line receiving most votes. | No | |||
| Eastern No.207, Saint Petersburg | 14 March 2004 | None | None | Nobody received enough votes in the general election | Aleksandr Morozov | Independent | No | ||
| Borzya No.187, Chita Oblast | 24 October 2004 | Yury Lossky | Independent | Death | Yevgeny Blokhin | Independent | Yes | ||
| Ulyanovsk No.181, Ulyanovsk Oblast | 5 December 2004 | None | None | Nobody received enough votes in the previous by-election | Yury Kogan | Liberal Democratic Party | No | ||
| Preobrazhensky No.199, Moscow | 5 December 2004 | Aleksandr Zhukov | United Russia | New post | Vacant. By-election declared invalid due to low turnout. | No | |||
| Belaya Kalitva No.142, Rostov Oblast | 19 December 2004 | Vladimir Averchenko | People's Party | New post | Fyodor Shvalev | United Russia | No | ||
| Bryansk No.66, Bryansk Oblast | 24 April 2005 | Nikolay Denin | United Russia | New post | Vacant. By-election declared invalid due to low turnout. | No | |||
| Kamensk-Shakhtinsky No.144, Rostov Oblast | 9 October 2005 | Vladimir Litvinov | United Russia | Death | Vadim Varshavsky | Independent | No | ||
| Preobrazhensky No.199, Moscow | 4 December 2005 | None | None | Nobody received enough votes in the previous by-election | Sergey Shavrin | United Russia | Yes | ||
| Universitetsky No.201, Moscow | 4 December 2005 | Mikhail Zadornov | Yabloko | New post | Stanislav Govorukhin | United Russia | No | ||
| Kalininsky No.183, Chelyabinsk Oblast | 25 December 2005 | Mikhail Yurevich | People's Party | New post | Dmitry Yeryomin | United Russia | No | ||
| Bryansk No.66, Bryansk Oblast | 12 March 2006 | None | None | Nobody received enough votes in the previous by-election | Viktor Malashenko | United Russia | Yes | ||
| Medvedkovo No.196, Moscow | 12 March 2006 | Georgy Boos | United Russia | New post | Leonid Govorov | United Russia | Yes | ||
| Sakhalin No.160, Sakhalin Oblast | 8 October 2006 | Ivan Zhdakayev | Communist Party | Death | Svetlana Ivanova | Communist Party | Yes | ||
| Ust-Orda Buryat No.220, Ust-Orda Buryat Autonomous Okrug | 8 October 2006 | Valery Kuzin | Independent | Death | Valery Maleyev | United Russia | No | ||
| By-elections to the Russian State Duma | |
|---|---|
See also: Russian elections |
The politics of Russia take place in the framework of the federal semi-presidential republic of Russia. According to the Constitution of Russia, the President of Russia is head of state, and of a multi-party system with executive power exercised by the government, headed by the Prime Minister, who is appointed by the President with the parliament's approval. Legislative power is vested in the two houses of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation, while the President and the government issue numerous legally binding by-laws. Since the collapse of the Soviet Union at the end of 1991, Russia has seen serious challenges in its efforts to forge a political system to follow nearly seventy-five years of Soviet governance. For instance, leading figures in the legislative and executive branches have put forth opposing views of Russia's political direction and the governmental instruments that should be used to follow it. That conflict reached a climax in September and October 1993, when President Boris Yeltsin used military force to dissolve the parliament and called for new legislative elections. This event marked the end of Russia's first constitutional period, which was defined by the much-amended constitution adopted by the Supreme Soviet of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic in 1978. A new constitution, creating a strong presidency, was approved by referendum in December 1993.
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