CMRF35-like molecule 1, also known as CD300lf, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CD300LF gene. [5] [6] CD300lf belongs to the protein family of CD300. CD300lf is a membrane glycoprotein that contains an immunoglobulin domain and is expressed by myeloid and mast cells [7] of humans and other mammals. The protein functions in immunoregulation [8] but might also have a role in norovirus infections.
CD300lf has been shown to function as the primary receptor for murine norovirus in mice, [9] [10] Human norovirus does not use the same receptor in viral entry. [11] Human and murine CD300lf proteins have about 59% identity in their immunoglobulin domains, with most of that variation occurring in parts of the protein called CDR3 and the CC’loop. [12] Murine norovirus binds to a cleft between these domains. The differences between murine and human CD300lf contribute to murine norovirus host species restriction, as incorporating murine CD300lf into human cells makes them susceptible to infection by the murine virus. [10]
The Cluster of differentiation 80 is a B7, type I membrane protein in the immunoglobulin superfamily, with an extracellular immunoglobulin constant-like domain and a variable-like domain required for receptor binding. It is closely related to CD86, another B7 protein (B7-2), and often works in tandem. Both CD80 and CD86 interact with costimulatory receptors CD28, CTLA-4 (CD152) and the p75 neurotrophin receptor.
Killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs), are a family of type I transmembrane glycoproteins expressed on the plasma membrane of natural killer (NK) cells and a minority of T cells. At least 15 genes and 2 pseudogenes encoding KIR map in a 150-kb region of the leukocyte receptor complex (LRC) on human chromosome 19q13.4.
CD94, also known as killer cell lectin-like receptor subfamily D, member 1 (KLRD1) is a human gene.
Leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor subfamily B member 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LILRB1 gene.
Leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor subfamily B member 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LILRB2 gene.
Leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor subfamily B member 4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LILRB4 gene.
Killer cell lectin-like receptor subfamily B, member 1, also known as KLRB1, NKR-P1A or CD161, is a human gene.
Fc fragment of IgG receptor IIb is a low affinity inhibitory receptor for the Fc region of immunoglobulin gamma (IgG). FCGR2B participates in the phagocytosis of immune complexes and in the regulation of antibody production by B lymphocytes.
Leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor subfamily B member 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LILRB3 gene.
Cell surface transmembrane glycoprotein CD200 receptor 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CD200R1 gene. CD200R1 is expressed on the surface of myeloid cells and CD4+ T cells. It interacts with CD200 transmembrane glycoprotein that can be expressed on variety of cells including neurons, epithelial cells, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and lymphoid cells.
Leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor subfamily A member 3 (LILR-A3) also known as CD85 antigen-like family member E (CD85e), immunoglobulin-like transcript 6 (ILT-6), and leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor 4 (LIR-4) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LILRA3 gene located within the leukocyte receptor complex on chromosome 19q13.4. Unlike many of its family, LILRA3 lacks a transmembrane domain. The function of LILRA3 is currently unknown; however, it is highly homologous to other LILR genes, and can bind human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I. Therefore, if secreted, the LILRA3 might impair interactions of membrane-bound LILRs with their HLA ligands, thus modulating immune reactions and influencing susceptibility to disease.
Leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor subfamily A member 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LILRA2 gene.
Sialic acid-binding Ig-like lectin 10 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SIGLEC10 gene. Siglec-G is often referred to as the murine paralog of human Siglec-10
High affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc receptor I is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FCGR1A gene.
Fc fragment of IgA receptor (FCAR) is a human gene that codes for the transmembrane receptor FcαRI, also known as CD89. FcαRI binds the heavy-chain constant region of Immunoglobulin A (IgA) antibodies. FcαRI is present on the cell surface of myeloid lineage cells, including neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, and eosinophils, though it is notably absent from intestinal macrophages and does not appear on mast cells. FcαRI plays a role in both pro- and anti-inflammatory responses depending on the state of IgA bound. Inside-out signaling primes FcαRI in order for it to bind its ligand, while outside-in signaling caused by ligand binding depends on FcαRI association with the Fc receptor gamma chain.
CD300A is a human gene.
C-type lectin domain family 12 member A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CLEC12A gene.
Murine norovirus (MNV) is a species of norovirus affecting mice. It was first identified in 2003. MNV is commonly used in research to model Human norovirus because the latter is difficult to grow in the laboratory. Standardized cell cultures are used in MNV propagation and the virus naturally infects mice, which allows studies in animal systems.
CD300 molecule like family member b is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CD300LB gene.
Paired receptors are pairs or clusters of receptor proteins that bind to extracellular ligands but have opposing activating and inhibitory signaling effects. Traditionally, paired receptors are defined as homologous pairs with similar extracellular domains and different cytoplasmic regions, whose genes are located together in the genome as part of the same gene cluster and which evolved through gene duplication. Homologous paired receptors often, but not always, have a shared ligand in common. More broadly, pairs of receptors have been identified that exhibit paired functional behavior - responding to a shared ligand with opposing intracellular signals - but are not closely homologous or co-located in the genome. Paired receptors are highly expressed in the cells of the immune system, especially natural killer (NK) and myeloid cells, and are involved in immune regulation.
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