Callaway Plantation

Last updated
Arnold-Callaway Plantation
Arnold-Callaway Plantation.JPG
USA Georgia location map.svg
Red pog.svg
Usa edcp location map.svg
Red pog.svg
LocationNW of Washington on U.S. 78, Georgia, U.S.
Coordinates 33°46′27″N82°48′46″W / 33.774167°N 82.812778°W / 33.774167; -82.812778 Coordinates: 33°46′27″N82°48′46″W / 33.774167°N 82.812778°W / 33.774167; -82.812778
Architectural style Greek Revival
NRHP reference No. 72000402 [1]
Added to NRHPApril 11, 1972

The Callaway Plantation, also known as the Arnold-Callaway Plantation, [2] [3] is a set of historical buildings, and an open-air museum located in Washington, Georgia. The site was formerly a working cotton plantation with enslaved African Americans. [4] The site was owned by the Callaway family between 1785 until 1977; however, the family still owns a considerable amount of acreage surrounding the Callaway Plantation. When The plantation was active, it was large in size and owned several hundred slaves.

Contents

The museum site is a 56-acre (230,000 m2) area containing the main houses that was donated by the family to the city of Washington in 1977. Additional buildings were moved to the site to represent typical plantation buildings. The museum is operated by the city of Washington, Georgia. The site is considered notable and historical by the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) because the main manor house it is a rare example of the Greek Revival architecture used as a plantation house, and is an example of classicism in Reconstruction-era Georgia. [2] It has been on the National Register of Historic Places list since April 11, 1972. [2]

Callaway family history

The Callaway family of Georgia is descent of Peter Callaway (1640–1715) an immigrant who came to the United States from England. Fuller Earle Callaway, and Cason Jewell Callaway (1894–1961) were part of this same family; and their branch of the family had migrated to west Georgia (to the cities of Columbus and LaGrange). [2]

1700s

In 1783, Thomas Edward Callaway and his family moved to the state of Georgia from Halifax County, Virginia (by way of North Carolina). [2] In 1785, John Callaway (1746–1821), one of the four sons of Thomas Edward Callaway, was granted 200 acres of land by the state of Georgia, located 9 miles West from Washington, Georgia. [2] [5] John Callaway built a one room log cabin on the property (which is no longer standing, but was located near the Callaway family cemetery). [5] John Callaway and his son Enoch Callaway held many African American slaves, and the plantation grew cotton for export. [4] The slaves lived in log cabins near the homestead. [4]

1800s

When John Callaway died in 1821, he bequeathed 25 African American slaves to his children and his body was buried in the Callaway family cemetery. [4] The cemetery had existed prior to John's burial, filled with former neighbors in graves that were unmarked or poorly marked with stones. [4] John's son Enoch Callaway died in 1859, and passed on a remaining 8 African American slaves in his will. [4] When slaves died they were buried in a separate burial ground only for African American (which was abandoned in 1910, and is no longer standing). [4]

Jobe Callaway, married and moved to Chambers County, Alabama but later returned to Callaway Plantation. [2] Jobe Callaway died at the plantation and left in his will to his son Jacob, "558 acres, where he lives". [2] Jacob Callaway (1760–1855) built his homestead in 1817, most of his wealth came before the American Civil War, he helped raised cotton and sold it to England. [5]

Jacob Callaway's son Parker inherited 100 acres near the "Fishing Creek" by 1855, and he started amassing and buying tracts of land nearby from his relatives, and by the time he had died he had 3060+ acres. [2] Jacob Callaway's money from the last shipment of cotton accrued interest in the Bank of England, which he could not access until after the Civil War ended in 1865 (after Jacob's death). [5] The Callaway family made a large profit from the interest and was able to take that money to fund the building of the brick manor house by 1869 under his grandson Aristide's leadership. [5]

1900s

Parker Callaway's son Aristides sold the majority of the 3060+ acres property to W. R. Callaway, Enoch Jones, and Lucy A. Jones. [2] When Aristides Callaway died, he left 400+ acres to two of his children. Aristides granddaughter, Katie Mae Arnold Hardin (1888–1977) donated her portion of the Callaway property to the city of Washington, Georgia. [2]

Architecture

There are many structures on the property, however the notable buildings include the Parker Callaway homestead (built c. 1817), [2] and Aristides Callaway's Greek Revival brick plantation manor house (built c. 1869; and nicknamed by NRHP as "the brickhouse"). [2] Other structures include the Jacob Callaway's Grey House (built 1790), a log cabin (c. 1785), a one-room schoolhouse (built 1891), the Dally Slave Cabin (built 1840), and a general store (built 1930), all moved to the site from elsewhere in Georgia in order to create the museum. [6] [7] There is also a corn crib, a house for making bricks, and a smoke house.

The main manor house (built by Aristides Callaway) was built in a "monumental scale", during the Reconstruction-era after the American Civil War, which indicates the family had much wealth. [2] Bricks were not a common material during that time period or in that location. [2]

The Grey House was built in 1790 by Jacob Callaway and still stands on the site, a two-story house in Federal Plain style architecture. [7] The Grey House features period furnishings and decorations.

Museum

The site is currently located across from the Washington-Wilkes airport, but otherwise appears from photographs to represent a rural plantation. A small admission fee is charged. Tourist items are sold at the general store, which also serves as the information center. The buildings feature furniture, tools, and other items characteristic of the old times.

Controversy

On 25 March 2021, a photo was taken of Georgia state governor, Brian Kemp as he signed into law the Election Integrity Act of 2021, and in the backdrop of the photo is a painting of the Callaway Plantation's brick manor house. [8] [9] [10] This caused controversy since the Callaway Plantation held enslaved people, though the house itself was built years after the Civil War, and the Election Integrity Act of 2021 is considered by opponents to specifically target the voting rights of African Americans in Georgia. The juxtaposition of the plantation image above the Governor with the perception of racism in the bill made this headline news on national and international networks. [11] [12] [13] On 28 March 2021 the NAACP and ACLU were among groups that filed court challenges against the Election Integrity Act of 2021. [14] [15]

See also

Related Research Articles

Poplar Forest Plantation and plantation house in Forest, Bedford County, VA, US

Poplar Forest is a plantation and plantation house in Forest, Bedford County, Virginia. Thomas Jefferson designed the plantation and used the property as a private retreat and a revenue-generating plantation. Jefferson inherited the property in 1773 and began designing and working on the plantation in 1806. While Jefferson is the most famous individual associated with the property, it had several owners before being purchased for restoration, preservation, and exhibition in 1984.

Doughoregan Manor United States historic place

Doughoregan Manor is a plantation house and estate located on Manor Lane west of Ellicott City, Maryland, United States. Established in the early 18th century as the seat of Maryland's prominent Carroll family, it was home to Charles Carroll, a signer of the United States Declaration of Independence, during the late 18th century. A portion of the estate, including the main house, was designated a National Historic Landmark on November 11, 1971. It remains in the Carroll family and is not open to the public.

Charles Pinckney National Historic Site

The Charles Pinckney National Historic Site is a unit of the United States National Park Service, preserving a portion of Charles Pinckney's Snee Farm plantation and country retreat. The site is located at 1254 Long Point Road, Mount Pleasant, South Carolina. Pinckney (1757-1824) was a member of a prominent political family in South Carolina. He fought in the American Revolutionary War, was held for a period as prisoner in the North, and returned to the state in 1783. Pinckney served as a delegate to the constitutional convention where he contributed to drafting the United States Constitution.

Boone Hall United States historic place

Boone Hall Plantation is a historic district located in Mount Pleasant, Charleston County, South Carolina, United States and listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The most important historic structures in the district are the brick slave cabins located along Slave Street which date between 1790 and 1810. The plantation, which used enslaved labor until the American Civil War, is one of America's oldest plantations still in operation. It has continually produced agricultural crops for over 320 years and is open for public tours.

Laura Plantation United States historic place

Laura Plantation is a restored historic Louisiana Creole plantation on the west bank of the Mississippi River near Vacherie, Louisiana, (U.S.), open for guided tours. Formerly known as Duparc Plantation, it is significant for its early 19th-century Créole-style raised big house and several surviving outbuildings, including two slave cabins. It is one of only 15 plantation complexes in Louisiana with this many complete structures. Because of its historical importance, the plantation is on the National Register of Historic Places. The site, in St. James Parish, Louisiana, is also included on the Louisiana African American Heritage Trail.

The Levi Jordan Plantation is a historical site and building, located on Farm to Market Road 521, 4 miles (6.4 km) southwest of the city of Brazoria, in the U.S. state of Texas. Founded as a forced-labor farm worked by enslaved Black people, it was one of the largest sugar and cotton producing plantations in Texas during the mid-19th century, as well as a local center of human trafficking.

The Garrett White House, sometimes referred to as the Garrett-White House, is a historic structure in Colerain, Bertie County, North Carolina. The house is listed in the National Register of Historic Places as constructed in 1785, though some other sources give the date of construction as 1780.

Reynolds Homestead United States historic place

The Reynolds Homestead, also known as Rock Spring Plantation, is a slave plantation turned historical site on Homestead Lane in Critz, Virginia. First developed in 1814 by slaveowner Abraham Reynolds, it was the primary home of R. J. Reynolds (1850-1918), slaveowner, founder of the R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company, and the first major marketer of the cigarette. Upon liberation of the plantation in 1863, 88 people were freed from captivity and enslavement. It was later designated a National Historic Landmark in 1977. The homestead is currently an outreach facility of Virginia Tech, serving as a regional cultural center. The house is open for tours.

Court Manor

Court Manor is an early Greek Revival plantation house and estate in Rockingham County, Virginia, located 4 miles (6.4 km) south of the town of New Market. With its stately manor house and prime location in the heart of the Shenandoah Valley, Court Manor has long been regarded as "one of the finest estates in the Valley of Virginia." The estate is situated on U.S. Route 11, which follows the route of the historic Great Wagon Road, a colonial thoroughfare connecting Philadelphia, Pennsylvania to Savannah, Georgia. The estate's landholdings include some 2,000 acres of land, extending from the base of the Massanutten Mountain Ridge to about one-half mile (0.80 km) west of U.S. Route 11. The manor house, with its impressive Greek Revival portico, can be easily seen from the tree-lined stretch of U.S. Route 11 that passes through the heart of the estate.

Rose Hill Manor United States historic place

Rose Hill Manor, now known as Rose Hill Manor Park & Children's Museum, is a historic home located at Frederick, Frederick County, Maryland. It is a 2+1⁄2-story brick house. A notable feature is the large two-story pedimented portico supported by fluted Doric columns on the first floor and Ionic columns on the balustraded second floor. It was the retirement home of Thomas Johnson (1732–1819), the first elected governor of the State of Maryland and Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court. It was built in the mid-1790s by his daughter and son-in-law.

Appomattox Court House National Historical Park ruins United States historic place

The Appomattox Court House National Historical Park ruins are part of the Appomattox Court House National Historical Park, Virginia, which was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on October 15, 1966.

Raspberry Plain Human settlement in Virginia, United States of America

Raspberry Plain is a historic property and former plantation in Loudoun County, Virginia, near Leesburg. Raspberry Plain became one of the principal Mason family estates of Northern Virginia, and was rebuilt in the early 20th century. It currently operates as an event site, hosting weddings and other special events year round.

Washington Historic District (Washington, Kentucky) United States historic place

The Washington Historic District in Washington, Kentucky was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1970, and its borders were increased in 1976. The buildings of Washington range from simple log cabins to late Georgian and early Federal styles constructed of home burned brick laid in Flemish Bond. Many houses have double doors at the entrance and a reeded roll length wise under a four light transom.

Black Walnut (Clover, Virginia) United States historic place

Black Walnut is a historic plantation house and farm located near Clover, Halifax County, Virginia. The main house was built in at least three sections beginning about 1774 to 1790. In the 1840s and 1850s, a substantial two-story frame addition was built in two stages parallel to the existing house, along with a connecting hyphen, altogether giving the house an H-shape. The interior features Greek Revival style details.

Oakland Manor

Oakland or Oakland Manor is a Federal style stone manor house commissioned in 1810 by Charles Sterrett Ridgely in the Howard District of Anne Arundel County Maryland. The lands that became Oakland Manor were patented by John Dorsey as "Dorsey's Adventure" in 1688 which was willed to his grandson Edward Dorsey. In 1785, Luther Martin purchased properties named "Dorsey's Adventure", "Dorsey's Inheritance", "Good for Little", "Chew's Vineyard", and "Adam the First" to make the 2300 acre "Luther Martin's Elkridge Farm".

Birmingham Manor was a historic slave plantation home located in Anne Arundel County, Maryland

Rackliffe House (Assateague State Park) Historic house museum in Assateague Island, Maryland

Rackliffe House is a restored 18th-century coastal plantation house overlooking Sinepuxent Bay. The house is located at 11700 Tom Patton Lane, Berlin, Maryland, 21811, within walking distance of the Assateague Island Visitor Center at Assateague State Park, Maryland. Built of Flemish bond brick with random glazed headers, the house would have been "one of the most impressive gentry dwellings in the region" in the 18th century. The plantation house is one of a small number of remaining tidewater dwellings from colonial times, and may be the only one of its kind and vintage in the Mid-Atlantic region that is open to the public.

The Kemp-Shepard House is a historic house on Highbridge Road in Georgia, Vermont. The main block of the brick house, built about 1830, is an important early work of a regional master builder, and it is attached to an older wood-frame ell. It was built on land that was among the first to be settled in the eastern part of the town. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1997.

References

  1. ↑ "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places . National Park Service. March 13, 2009.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 "Form 10-300 Arnold-Callaway Plantation #72000402". U.S. Department of Interior. January 18, 1972. Archived from the original on 2020-09-29. Retrieved 2021-05-17.
  3. ↑ "NPGallery Asset Detail, Arnold-Callaway Plantation". NPGallery Digital Asset Management System, National Park System, U.S. Department of Interior . Archived from the original on 2020-09-23. Retrieved 2021-05-17.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Callaway, Brantly Mercer (1983). An account of the John Callaway family and home in Wilkes County, Georgia. Columbus, Georgia: Elizabeth Richardson Callaway, Callaway Family Association. pp. 47–48.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 The New Georgia Guide. University of Georgia Press. 1996. pp. 334–335. ISBN   978-0-8203-1798-4.
  6. ↑ "Callaway Plantation". Historic Washington Georgia. Retrieved 2021-05-17.
  7. 1 2 "About Callaway Plantation". Mule Day Southern Heritage Festival - Washington-Wilkes, Georgia. Archived from the original on 2020-08-13. Retrieved 2021-05-17.
  8. ↑ ""I was proud to sign S.B. 202 to ensure elections in Georgia are secure, fair, and accessible. I appreciate the hard work of members of the General Assembly to make it easy to vote and hard to cheat."". Twitter, Governor Brian P. Kemp @GovKemp. March 26, 2021. Archived from the original on 2021-03-25. Retrieved 2021-03-26.
  9. ↑ "SB 202". Georgia Legislative Navigator, Atlanta Journal-Constitution. February 17, 2021. Retrieved 2021-03-26.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  10. ↑ "SB 202 - Georgia Senate (2021_22) - Open States". openstates.org. Retrieved 2021-05-17.
  11. ↑ Dorman, John L. (March 27, 2021). "Gov. Brian Kemp signs restrictive Georgia voting bill into law in front of painting of former plantation grounds". Business Insider. Archived from the original on 2021-03-27. Retrieved 2021-05-17.
  12. ↑ Chen, Natasha; Waldrop, Theresa (28 March 2021). "Black voter says a painting at Georgia governor's voter bill signing shows the plantation where her family worked for generations". FOX Carolina. CNN. Retrieved 2021-05-17.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  13. ↑ "Georgia's governor signed 'Jim Crow' voting bill under painting of a slave plantation". the Guardian. 2021-03-27. Retrieved 2021-05-17.
  14. ↑ Durkee, Alison (March 30, 2021). "Civil Rights Groups Including ACLU, NAACP Sue Georgia Over Voting Law". Forbes. Archived from the original on 2021-03-30.
  15. ↑ "NAACP Georgia State Conference Sues Georgia Secretary of State and State Election Board to Prevent Enforcement of SB 202". NAACP. March 29, 2021. Archived from the original on 2021-03-29.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.