Callionymus is a genus of dragonets found mostly in the Indian and Pacific oceans with a few species occurring in the Atlantic Ocean.
Callionymus amboina, the Ambon darter dragonet, is a species of dragonet native to the Pacific waters around Indonesia where it occurs at depths of from 8 to 50 metres.
Callionymus annulatus, the Big-head dragonet, is a species of dragonet native to the Pacific waters off of southern Indonesia where it occurs at depths of from 8 to 26 metres. This species grows to a length of 6.5 centimetres (2.6 in) TL.
Callionymus bairdi, the Lancer dragonet, Baird's dragonet, coral dragonet or St Helena dragonet, is a species of dragonet native to the warmer waters of the Atlantic Ocean where it occurs at depths of from 1 to 91 metres. In the western Atlantic it occurs from Cape Hatteras southwards along the east coast of North America. including Bermuda and the Bahamas, into the Gulf of Mexico and throughout the Caribbean Sea. It has also been recorded from Ilha da Trindade off Brazil. In the eastern Atlantic it has been recorded from the Cape Verde Islands, Ascension Island, St. Helena, and Sao Tome e Principe in the Gulf of Guinea. This species grows to a length of 11.4 centimetres (4.5 in) TL.
Callionymus bentuviaiBen-Tuvia's deepwater dragonet, is a species of dragonet endemic to the Red Sea. This species grows to a length of 6.3 centimetres (2.5 in) SL.
Callionymus bleekeri, Bleeker's deepwater dragonet, is a species of dragonet endemic to the Pacific Ocean waters around Indonesia. The specific name honours the Dutch ichthyologist and surgeon Pieter Bleeker (1819-1878).
Callionymus enneactis, the mangrove dragonet or common dragonet, is a species of dragonet native to the western Pacific Ocean at depths down to 15 metres (49 ft). At shallower depths it occurs in areas of mangroves, being found on coral reefs at deeper depths. This species grows to a length of 8 centimetres (3.1 in) TL.
Callionymus leucobranchialis, the Whitegill dragonet, is a species of dragonet found in the Pacific waters around the Philippines at a depth of about 82 metres (269 ft).
The common dragonet is a species of dragonet which is widely distributed in the eastern North Atlantic where it is common near Europe from Norway and Iceland southwards. It is a demersal species that occurs over sand bottoms. It lives to a maximum age of around seven years. It is caught in bycatch by fisheries and is used in the aquarium trade.
Callionymus mortenseni is a species of dragonet native to the waters around Indonesia where it occurs at depths of around 290 metres (950 ft). The specific name honours Ole Theodor Jensen Mortensen (1868-1952), a Danish professor of zoology.
Callionymus neptunius, the Long-tail dragon, is a species of dragonet native to the Pacific waters around Papua New Guinea, Indonesia and the Philippines where it occurs at depths of from 3 to 6 metres. Males of this species grows to a length of 13 centimetres (5.1 in) TL while the females are smaller.
Callionymus obscurus is a species of dragonet native to the Pacific waters off of Indonesia where it is found at depths down to 40 metres (130 ft).
Callionymus pusillus, the Sailfin dragonet, is a species of dragonet common in the Eastern Atlantic, where it occurs on the Portuguese coast to as far north as Lisbon and south to Morroco, and also in the northern Mediterranean including the Adriatic, Aegean and Black seas as well as the coastsLebanon and Israel. It occurs on the southern Mediterranean shore as far east as Tunisia Males of this species grows to a length of 14 centimetres (5.5 in) TL while females reach a length of 10 centimetres (3.9 in) TL. In the areas of the Mediterranean where it occurs it is one of the commonest dragonet species, as it is the only species that has been recorded within many protected areas. It is a benthic species which occurs in shallow waters and prefers sandy bottoms down to 100 metres (330 ft). The males are territorial, aggressively defend their territories from other males and like other dragonets this species undergoes complex breeding behaviour which has 4 phases. This starts with courtship, the male and female then form a pair before ascending to the surface where they release eggs and milt. The spawning season runs from May to August in the Mediterranean and the eggs and larvae are pelagic. This species feeds mainly on small benthic invertebrates such as worms and small crustaceans.
Callionymus risso, Risso's dragonet, is a species of dragonet native to the Mediterranean Sea as well as the Black Sea and rarely found off of Portugal in the Atlantic Ocean. This species can be found at depths of from 15 to 150 metres. Males of this species grows to a length of 11 centimetres (4.3 in) TL while females reach a length of 6.5 centimetres (2.6 in).
Arrow dragonet, also known as the arrow-headed darter dragonet, is a species of dragonet widespread in the Indo-West Pacific from Arabian Peninsula to the Philippines. Occurs in the Mekong delta of Viet Nam and probably also in Cambodia. This species grows to a length of 11 centimetres (4.3 in) TL. The arrow dragonet is a demersal species, which occurs on sandy substrates along coastlines, in estuaries, and in the lower courses of rivers where it feeds on worms, zooplankton and phytoplankton.
Callionymus semeiophor, the Nusa Tenggara deepwater dragonet, is a species of dragonet native to the Pacific Ocean around Indonesia. This species grows to a length of 11.3 centimetres (4.4 in) SL.
Callionymus tethys, the Tethys dragonet, is a species of dragonet native to the Pacific waters around New Caledonia.
Callionymus whiteheadi, Whitehead’s deepwater dragonet, is a species of dragonet found in the Pacific waters around Indonesia. The specific name honours the ichthyologist Peter James Palmer Whitehead (1930-1992).
Callionymus brevianalis, the Small ruddertail dragonet, is a species of dragonet native to the coastal waters of Indonesia where it can be found at depths of from 0 to 6 metres. This species grows to a length of 2.1 centimetres (0.83 in) standard length.
