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Campo de Calatrava is a comarca in the province of Ciudad Real, Castilla-La Mancha, Spain. Ciudad Real, the provincial capital, belongs to the Campo de Calatrava.
A Denominación de Origen for olive oil takes its name from the comarca. There are olive groves in sixteen of the municipios, mainly containing a cultivar called cornicabra. [1] Vineyards and crops of barley are also common to the area. [2] Saffron is another crop cultivated in the area. [3]
The relief consists of sedimentary plains interspersed by small Appalachian folds, likewise distinctly featuring remains of volcanic activity. [4]
Historically, the area is connected to the Order of Calatrava, founded in 1158 to defend the fortress of Calatrava. [5] Calatrava had past to Christian control about a decade earlier, in 1147. [6] The Calatravan order lost their stronghold and the entire Campo de Calatrava to Almohads after the 1195 battle of Alarcos. [7] The Campo de Calatrava (with the exception of the fortresses of Dueñas and Salvatierra) was seized by a Christian army on its way south in 1212 in the context of the Battle of Navas de Tolosa. [8] Calatrava was ensuingly returned to the Order of Calatrava, [9] who nonetheless transferred their seat to Calatrava la Nueva towards 1214. [10]
Castilla–La Mancha is an autonomous community of Spain. Comprising the provinces of Albacete, Ciudad Real, Cuenca, Guadalajara and Toledo, it was created in 1982. The government headquarters are in Toledo, which is the capital de facto.
The province of Ciudad Real is a province in the southwestern part of the autonomous community of Castile-La Mancha, Spain. It is bordered by the provinces of Cuenca, Albacete, Jaén, Córdoba, Badajoz, and Toledo. It is partly located in the old natural region of La Mancha. Its capital is Ciudad Real. It is the third largest province by area in all of Spain, after Cáceres and Badajoz. The historic comarca Campo de Calatrava is located in the center of the province.
Ciudad Real is a municipality of Spain located in the autonomous community of Castile–La Mancha, capital of the province of Ciudad Real. It is the 5th most populated municipality in the region.
La Mancha is a natural and historical region in the Spanish provinces of Albacete, Cuenca, Ciudad Real, and Toledo. It is an arid but fertile plateau that stretches from the mountains of Toledo to the western spurs of the Cuenca hills, bordered to the south by the Sierra Morena and to the north by Alcarria. The La Mancha historical comarca constitutes the southern portion of Castilla-La Mancha autonomous community and makes up most of the present-day administrative region.
Alcázar de San Juan is a city and municipality of Spain located in the province of Ciudad Real, autonomous community of Castilla–La Mancha. It lies on the plain of La Mancha. From the 13th to the 19th century the history of Alcázar is strongly linked to the Grand Priory of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem. The city became a railway hub in the 19th century.
Almodóvar del Campo is a municipality of Spain, located in the province of Ciudad Real, autonomous community of Castilla–La Mancha. Featuring a total area of 1.208,25 km2, it is the largest municipality in the region and one of the largest municipalities in Spain. As of 1 January 2020, it had a population of 5,983.
Puertollano is a municipality of Spain located in the province of Ciudad Real, Castile-La Mancha. The city has a population of 47,035 (2019). Contrasting to the largely rural character of the region, Puertollano stands out for the importance of industry, with a past linked to industrial and mining activities. It lies on the AVE high-speed train line linking Madrid and Seville.
Calzada de Calatrava is a municipality of Spain located in the province of Ciudad Real, autonomous community of Castilla–La Mancha. It belongs to the Campo de Calatrava traditional comarca. It has a population of 4,568.
Montiel is a municipality of Spain located in the province of Ciudad Real, Castilla–La Mancha. The municipality spans across a total area of 271.22 km2 and, as of 1 January 2020, it has a registered population of 1,294.
Puerto Lápice is a municipality of Spain located in the province of Ciudad Real, Castilla–La Mancha. The municipality spans across a total area of 54.84 km2 and, as of 1 January 2020, it has a registered population of 891.
Villanueva de los Infantes is a municipality in the province of Ciudad Real, Castilla–La Mancha, Spain. It has a population of 5727 people.
Villarrubia de los Ojos is a municipality of Spain located in the province of Ciudad Real, Castilla–La Mancha. The municipality spans across a total area of 281.86 km2 and, as of 1 January 2020, it has a registered population of 9,762.
The Order of Monfragüe was a Spanish military order founded at the castle of Monfragüe near Plasencia on the Tagus in 1196. The order was founded by the knights of the Order of Mountjoy who dissented from a merger with the Knights Templar. The order never prospered and on 23 May 1221, by order of Ferdinand III of Castile, it was merged into the Order of Calatrava.
Pedro Fernández de Castro "the Castilian" was a Castilian nobleman, son of Fernando Rodríguez de Castro and Estefanía Alfonso la Desdichada. He inherited the Infantazgo of León from his parents and was mayordomo mayor of Fernando II and his son Alfonso IX of León.
Tierra de Campos is a large historical and natural region or greater comarca that straddles the provinces of León, Zamora, Valladolid and Palencia, in Castile and León, Spain. It is a vast, desolate plain with practically no relief, except for some wide undulations of the terrain.
Diego García de Padilla was a Spanish nobleman who became Master of the Order of Calatrava. His sister María de Padilla was the wife of King Peter of Castile, the Cruel. Padilla fought for Peter of Castile in the wars against Aragon and Granada. In the Castilian Civil War (1366–69) he went over to the side of Henry of Trastámara.
Juan Núñez de Prado, illegitimate son of Infanta Blanche of Portugal and a Portuguese nobleman named Pedro Nunes Carpinteyro, was a nobleman in the 14th century who became Master of the Order of Calatrava in 1325 after leading a revolt against the former Master. There was a prolonged dispute before his position was recognized. After he fell out of favor with King Peter of Castile he was removed from office and murdered.
Salvatierra Castle is a fortification near Calzada de Calatrava in the south of the province of Ciudad Real, Castilla-La Mancha, Spain. It is located on a small hillock at the foot of the volcanic Mount Atalaya, about 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) from Calzada de Calatrava.
The Campo de San Juan was the seigneurial lordship of the Order of St. John in the lands of La Mancha. It was the most important possession of the Grand Priory of the langue of Castile and León. It spanned across territory of the current Spanish provinces of Toledo and Ciudad Real. The most important urban centres were Consuegra and Alcázar de San Juan.