Cannone da 75/27 modello 06 | |
---|---|
Type | Field gun |
Place of origin | German Empire |
Service history | |
In service | 1906?–1945 |
Used by | Italy Nazi Germany |
Wars | World War I World War II |
Production history | |
Designer | Krupp |
No. built | 2000+ [1] |
Variants | Cannone da 75/27 modello 12 |
Specifications | |
Mass | 1,080 kg (2,380 lb) |
Barrel length | 2.25 m (7 ft 5 in) L/30 |
Shell | Fixed QF 75 x 185mm R [2] |
Shell weight | 6.3 kg (14 lb) |
Caliber | 75 mm (2.95 in) |
Breech | horizontal sliding-block |
Recoil | hydro spring |
Carriage | Pole trail |
Elevation | -10° to +16° |
Traverse | 7° |
Rate of fire | 4-6 rpm |
Muzzle velocity | 502 m/s (1,647 ft/s) |
Maximum firing range | Horizontal: 6.8 km (4.2 mi) Vertical: 4 km (13,000 ft) |
The Cannone da 75/27 modello 06 was a field gun used by Italy during World War I and World War II. It was a license-built copy of the Krupp Kanone M 1906 gun. [3] It had seats for two crewmen attached to the gunshield as was common practice for the period. Captured weapons were designated by the Wehrmacht during World War II as the 7.5 cm Feldkanone 237(i). [4]
Special fortress versions were produced as the Cannone da 75/27 modello 06 in Casmatta and Caverna. These had different carriages suitable for static use. [5]
The Cannone da 75/27 A.V. was mounted on a high-angle pedestal mount for anti-aircraft use was produced, and these were assigned to coastal defense and second line units during World War II. [6]
In 1915, the anti-aircraft version formed the basis of Italy's first truck mounted artillery, called the Autocannone da 75/27 CK. Eventually, twenty-seven batteries of five guns were formed during World War I. [7]
Between the wars, many guns were modernized for tractor-towing with pressed-steel wheels and rubber rims. [8] These weighed some 65 kg (143 lb) more than the original version with spoked wooden wheels. The modernized guns went on to serve in World War II. [9]
The Cannone da 75/27 modello 12 was a modello 06 modified for greater elevation (-12° to +18° 30') and lighter weight (only 900 kg (2,000 lb)). Only small numbers were produced for the cavalry divisions of the Royal Italian Army. The Germans designated captured guns as the 7.5 cm Feldkanone 245(i).
The Bundeswehr Museum of German Defense Technology in Koblenz has one of these cannons in its collection.
The cannone da 65/17 modello 13 was an artillery piece developed by Italy for use with its mountain and infantry units. The designation means 65 mm calibre gun, barrel length 17 calibres, which entered service in 1913. The designation is often shortened to cannone da 65/17.
The Cannone da 75/27 modello 11 was a French-designed field gun produced in Italy prior to World War I. It was introduced in 1912, designed by Joseph-Albert Deport. It was taken into service by Italy for use with its Alpine and cavalry troops going into World War I, and was built there in large numbers. The gun was designed with two notable features. It was the first artillery piece to introduce the split trail, as well as the last to utilize its novel dual-recoil system. The former became a very popular feature on artillery pieces through to the modern day. The later, while functional, did not get repeated. The dual-recoil system consisted of a small tubular recoil under the barrel which in turn traveled in a traditional rectangular cradle. This lessened heat transfer from the gun barrel to the recoil mechanism effectively, but was not necessary for the added complexity.
The Cannone da 90/53 was an Italian-designed cannon used both in an anti-aircraft role and as an anti-tank gun during World War II. It was one of the most successful anti-aircraft guns to see service during the conflict. The naval version of the gun was mounted on Italian battleships of the Littorio-class and the Andrea Doria-class.
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The 15 cm Autokanone M. 15/16 was a heavy field gun used by Austria-Hungary in World War I. Guns turned over to Italy as reparations after World War I were taken into Italian service as the Cannone da 152/37. Austrian and Czech guns were taken into Wehrmacht service after the Anschluss and the occupation of Czechoslovakia as the 15.2 cm K 15/16(t). Italian guns captured after the surrender of Italy in 1943 were known by the Wehrmacht as the 15.2 cm K 410(i). Due to their unique ammunition, the Germans did not use them that much, and generally served on coast-defense duties during World War II.
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The Cannone da 152/45 modello 1911 was an Italian naval gun built by the Ansaldo company. It formed the secondary armament of the two Andrea Doria-class dreadnought battleships built during World War I. A number of guns were also converted to siege artillery and coastal artillery roles and served during both world wars.
The Cannone da 149/40 was a heavy gun which served with Italy during World War II. It was intended to replace the obsolete Cannone da 149/35 A, but the small numbers produced prevented that. By 1940 orders had been placed for 590, but only 51 were in service at the end of September 1941. Weapons captured by the Germans after the Italian surrender in 1943 were put into service as the 15 cm K 408(i). Ansaldo produced a batch of twelve for the Germans in April 1944.
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The 7.5 cm kanon PL vz. 37 was a Czech anti-aircraft gun used in World War II. Those weapons captured after the German occupation of Czechoslovakia in March 1939 were taken into Wehrmacht service as the 7.5 cm Flak M 37(t) or Flak Skoda. The Germans sold many of them to Italy where they were designated as the Cannone da 75/49 or 75/50. Surviving guns were taken back into German service after Italy's surrender in 1943. Twenty were sold to the Finns in November 1940. Twelve were in Luftwaffe service between April and September 1944.
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The Cannone da 75/27 A.V. was an anti-aircraft gun developed in Italy during the First World War that also saw service during the Second World War.