| Carinopelta | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | † Helcionelloida |
| Order: | † Helcionelliformes |
| Family: | † Carinopeltidae Parkhaev, 2013 [1] |
| Genus: | † Carinopelta Parkhaev, 2013 |
| Type species | |
| Trilobella levis | |
| Species | |
| |
| Synonyms | |
| |
Carinopelta is a genus within Carinopeltidae, an extinct family of Cambrian [1] molluscs of uncertain position. It is in the superfamily Scenelloidea.
The taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005 [3] categorizes Igarkiellidae in the superfamilia Scenelloidea within the Paleozoic molluscs of uncertain systematic position. This family has no subfamilies. According to P. Yu. Parkhaev in 2007, the family is within the superfamily Helcionelloidea Wenz, 1938 in the order Helcionelliformes Golikov & Starobogatov, 1975 within the subclass Archaeobranchia Parkhaev, 2001 in the class Helcionelloida Peel, 1991.
Carinopelta is one of six genera which was placed into the family, along with Protoconus , Rozanoviella , Gonamella , Mastakhella , and Squamiconus by P. Yu. Parkhaev in 2002. [4]
The type species was first described by N.I. Vassiljeva as "Trilobella" levis in 1990. The genus name was already preoccupied by "Trilobella" Woodward, 1924, itself a synonym of Triloba Vest, 1867 [5] making Trilobella Vassiljeva a homonym. In 1998 a new genus, Igarkiella was erected for the species to correct the homonym status and in 2001 a new family Igarkiellidae was named for the genus. [6] However the chosen genus name was again a homonym, already having been used by A.V. Rozova for the trilobite Igarkiella . In 2013 a new genus and family name were erected by Parkhaev to fully remove the homonym status of the species. Due to the family name Igarkiellidae being based on the invalid genus name, it too was invalid for use and the replacement family name Carinopeltidae was given. [1]
Parkhaev coined the genus name Carinopelta as a combination of the Latin word carina meaning "keel" and pelta a type of oval shield used in Thrace. [1]
Monoplacophora, meaning "bearing one plate", is a polyphyletic superclass of molluscs with a cap-like shell, inhabiting deep sea environments. Extant representatives were not recognized as such until 1952; previously they were known only from the fossil record, and were thought to have become extinct 375 million years ago.
The Bellerophontidae are an extinct family of specialized globose bellerophontids, Paleozoic and early Triassic mollusks of the class Gastropoda.
Latouchella is an extinct genus of marine invertebrate animal, that is considered to be a mollusk and which may be a sea snail, a gastropod. It is a helcionellid from the Tommotian epoch of what is now Siberia. Its tightly coiled, spiral shell contains a number of low "walls" running up the front surface of the interior; these would have directed water currents within its shell. Between these walls are a series of furrows, parallel to the shell's aperture, giving casts of the internal structure the appearance of a railway line, with sleepers tying together paired rails that run towards the apex of the shell.
Neritoidea is a taxonomic superfamily of mostly sea snails, nerites and their allies, marine gastropod mollusks in the order Cycloneritida.
Scenella is an extinct genus of fossil invertebrate animal which is generally considered to be a mollusc; at various times it has been suggested that this genus belongs with the gastropods, the monoplacophorans, or the helcionellids, although no firm association with any of these classes has been established. An affinity with the hydrozoa has been considered, although some authors oppose this hypothesis. A gastropod affinity is defended on the basis of six pairs of internal muscle scars, whilst the serially-repeated nature of these scars suggests to other authors a monoplacophoran affinity. However the specimens showing this scarring have not been convincingly shown to belong to the genus Scenella. A similarity to the Ediacaran Ovatoscutum has also been drawn.
Helcionellid or Helcionelliformes is an order of small fossil shells that are universally interpreted as molluscs, though no sources spell out why this taxonomic interpretation is preferred. These animals are first found about 540 to 530 million years ago in the late Nemakit-Daldynian age, which is the earliest part of the Cambrian period. A single species persisted to the Early Ordovician. These fossils are component of the small shelly fossils (SSF) assemblages.
Helcionelloida is an extinct group of ancient molluscs. These are the oldest known conchiferan molluscs, that is, they had a mineralised shell. Some members of this class were mistaken for Monoplacophorans. The class was erected by Peel in 1991.
Eucyclidae is a family of gastropods in the superfamily Seguenzioidea.
Dyakiidae is a family of air-breathing land snails terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Trochomorphoidea.
Bellerophontoidea, common name "bellerophonts", is a superfamily of extinct planospirally-coiled globose molluscs. This superfamily is generally included within the Gastropoda, but may instead be a group of monoplacophorans. The taxon first appeared late in the Cambrian and continued until late in the Triassic.
Coreospiridae is an extinct family of Paleozoic molluscs of uncertain position taxonomically. They might be snails (Gastropoda), Helcionelloida, or they might be Monoplacophora.
Khairkhaniidae is an extinct family of Paleozoic fossil molluscs of uncertain position. They are thought to belong to either the Gastropoda or Monoplacophora. They possess planispiral coiled shells with a columnar microstructure.
Pelagiellidae is an extinct family of Paleozoic fossil 'snails'. Some material assigned to this taxon represents gastropod molluscs, but some chaeta-bearing specimens first assigned to Pelagiella are perhaps better interpreted as tube-bearing annelid worms.
Trenella is the sole genus in the Trenellidae, an extinct family of paleozoic Yochelcionellids.
Stenothecidae is an extinct family of fossil univalved Cambrian molluscs which may be either gastropods or monoplacophorans.
Hermaeidae is a taxonomic family of sacoglossan sea slugs. These are marine opisthobranch gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Plakobranchoidea.
Moitessieriidae is a family of small freshwater snails, aquatic gastropod molluscs in the superfamily Truncatelloidea.
Yochelcionelloidea is an extinct superfamily of paleozoic molluscs of uncertain position. The earliest yochelcionellids are known from the Middle Tommotian, but they are most diverse from the Botomian through the early Middle Cambrian.
Tegulidae is a family of small to large sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the superfamily Trochoidea.
Aspellinae is a taxonomic subfamily of predatory sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks within the large family Muricidae, the murex snails and rock snails.
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