Carol A. Johnston

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Carol Arlene Johnston is a Professor Emeritus in the Department of Natural Resource Management at South Dakota State University. [1] Johnston is known for her research on beaver ecology and wetlands. [2]

Contents

Education

Johnston earned a Bachelor of Science in Natural Resources from Cornell University. She then went on to earn a Master of Science in Land Resources and Soil Science, both degrees from the University of Wisconsin-Madison. Johnston also received her PhD in Soil Science from University of Wisconsin-Madison. [1] [2]

Career and research

Johnston began her career in wetland science as an aerial photo interpreter for the New York City wetlands inventory. [2] Johnston is currently a Professor Emeritus in the Department of Natural Resources Management at South Dakota State University. [1] While at SDSU, Johnston has served as the director of the Center for Biocomplexity studies. [1] Johnston became the first female president of the Society of Wetland Scientists in 1992, before serving on the EPA Science Advisory Board as a member of the Ecological Processes and Effects Committee. [1] [2] She sat as a member of the National Research Council's Committee on Wetland Delineation and Mitigation in 1995 and 2001. [2] In 2000, Johnston became the Chair of the Wetland Soils Division of the Soil Science Society of America. [1] [2]

Johnston's research interests focus on the use of plants as indicators of ecological health, the effects of wetlands on water quality, beaver ecology, and remote sensing of wetlands and watersheds. [1] One of Johnston's major contributions is her book Beavers: Boreal Ecosystem Engineers which focuses on landscape and ecosystem alterations by beavers. [3] Johnston collaborated with researchers across the country to prepare a brief in support of Clean Water Rule. [4]

Awards and honors

Selected publications

Johnston, C. A. (2017). Beavers: Boreal Ecosystem Engineers. Springer, New York. [3]

Johnston, C.A. (1991). Sediment and nutrient retention by freshwater wetlands: effects on surface water quality. Critical Reviews in Environmental Control, 21 (5/6), 491-565. [8]

Johnston, C.A., Detenbeck, N. E., and Niemi, G. J. (1990). The cumulative effect of wetlands on stream water quality and quantity: a landscape approach. Biogeochemistry,10, 105-141. [9]

Johnston, C.A. et al. (2004). Carbon cycling in soil. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, 2, 522-528. [10]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Soil science</span> Study of soil as a natural resource on the surface of Earth

Soil science is the study of soil as a natural resource on the surface of the Earth including soil formation, classification and mapping; physical, chemical, biological, and fertility properties of soils; and these properties in relation to the use and management of soils.

Freshwater ecosystems are a subset of Earth's aquatic ecosystems. They include lakes, ponds, rivers, streams, springs, bogs, and wetlands. They can be contrasted with marine ecosystems, which have a larger salt content. Freshwater habitats can be classified by different factors, including temperature, light penetration, nutrients, and vegetation. There are three basic types of freshwater ecosystems: Lentic, lotic and wetlands. Freshwater ecosystems contain 41% of the world's known fish species.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Biogeochemistry</span> Study of chemical cycles of the earth that are either driven by or influence biological activity

Biogeochemistry is the scientific discipline that involves the study of the chemical, physical, geological, and biological processes and reactions that govern the composition of the natural environment. In particular, biogeochemistry is the study of biogeochemical cycles, the cycles of chemical elements such as carbon and nitrogen, and their interactions with and incorporation into living things transported through earth scale biological systems in space and time. The field focuses on chemical cycles which are either driven by or influence biological activity. Particular emphasis is placed on the study of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, iron, and phosphorus cycles. Biogeochemistry is a systems science closely related to systems ecology.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ecosystem ecology</span> Study of living and non-living components of ecosystems and their interactions

Ecosystem ecology is the integrated study of living (biotic) and non-living (abiotic) components of ecosystems and their interactions within an ecosystem framework. This science examines how ecosystems work and relates this to their components such as chemicals, bedrock, soil, plants, and animals.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Aquatic ecosystem</span> Ecosystem in a body of water

An aquatic ecosystem is an ecosystem found in and around a body of water, in contrast to land-based terrestrial ecosystems. Aquatic ecosystems contain communities of organisms—aquatic life—that are dependent on each other and on their environment. The two main types of aquatic ecosystems are marine ecosystems and freshwater ecosystems. Freshwater ecosystems may be lentic ; lotic ; and wetlands.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Boreal ecosystem</span> Subarctic terrestrial ecozone

A boreal ecosystem is an ecosystem with a subarctic climate located in the Northern Hemisphere, approximately between 50° and 70°N latitude. These ecosystems are commonly known as taiga and are located in parts of North America, Europe, and Asia. The ecosystems that lie immediately to the south of boreal zones are often called hemiboreal. There are a variety of processes and species that occur in these areas as well.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Beaver dam</span> Dam constructed by beavers

A beaver dam or beaver impoundment is a dam built by beavers; it creates a pond which protects against predators such as coyotes, wolves and bears, and holds their food during winter. These structures modify the natural environment in such a way that the overall ecosystem builds upon the change, making beavers a keystone species and ecosystem engineers. They build prolifically at night, carrying mud with their forepaws and timber between their teeth.

William H. Schlesinger is a biogeochemist and the retired president of the Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies, an independent not-for-profit environmental research organization in Millbrook, New York. He assumed that position after 27 years on the faculty of Duke University, where he served as the Dean of the Nicholas School of the Environment and Earth Sciences and James B. Duke Professor of Biogeochemistry.

Landscape limnology is the spatially explicit study of lakes, streams, and wetlands as they interact with freshwater, terrestrial, and human landscapes to determine the effects of pattern on ecosystem processes across temporal and spatial scales. Limnology is the study of inland water bodies inclusive of rivers, lakes, and wetlands; landscape limnology seeks to integrate all of these ecosystem types.

Katherine Carter Ewel is a Professor Emeritus at the University of Florida's School of Forest Resources and Conservation. She is an ecosystem, forest, and wetlands ecologist who has worked in Florida for much of her career, focusing much of it on cypress swamps, pine plantations, and mangrove forests in the Pacific. Ewel served as the vice-president of the Society of Wetland Scientists in 2003, becoming president in 2004 and now since 2005, a past president. She has now retired and lives near Gainesville, Florida.

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tana Wood</span> US biogeochemist and ecosystem scientist

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Brian Branfireun</span> Canadian environmental scientist

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References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "Carol Johnston". South Dakota State University. Retrieved 2021-03-15.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Carol Johnston | ELI National Wetlands Awards". elinwa.org. Retrieved 2021-03-25.
  3. 1 2 Johnston, Carol (2017). Beavers: Boreal Ecosystem Engineers. Springer International Publishing. ISBN   978-3-319-61532-5.
  4. ↑ Gardner, Royal C.; Okuno, Erin; Tai, Steph; Fennessy, M. Siobhan; Johnston, Carol A.; Otte, Marinus L.; Palmer, Margaret; Perry, James E.; Simenstad, Charles; Tanner, Benjamin R.; Tufford, Dan (2019-06-01). "Advocating for Science: Amici Curiae Brief of Wetland and Water Scientists in Support of the Clean Water Rule". Wetlands. 39 (3): 403–414. doi: 10.1007/s13157-019-01160-z . ISSN   1943-6246. S2CID   181793598.
  5. ↑ "Society Awards". Society of Wetland Scientists. Retrieved 2021-06-28.
  6. ↑ "Carol Johnston | ELI National Wetlands Awards". elinwa.org. Retrieved 2021-05-12.
  7. ↑ "Past Presidents". SOCIETY OF WETLAND SCIENTISTS. Retrieved 2021-05-12.
  8. ↑ Ph.D, Carol A. Johnston (1991-01-01). "Sediment and nutrient retention by freshwater wetlands: Effects on surface water quality". Critical Reviews in Environmental Control. 21 (5–6): 491–565. doi:10.1080/10643389109388425. ISSN   1040-838X.
  9. ↑ Johnston, Carol A.; Detenbeck, Naomi E.; Niemi, Gerald J. (1990-07-01). "The cumulative effect of wetlands on stream water quality and quantity. A landscape approach". Biogeochemistry. 10 (2): 105–141. doi:10.1007/BF00002226. ISSN   1573-515X. S2CID   98747908.
  10. ↑ Johnston, Carol A.; Groffman, Peter; Breshears, David D.; Cardon, Zoe G.; Currie, William; Emanuel, William; Gaudinski, Julia; Jackson, Robert B.; Lajtha, Kate; Nadelhoffer, Knute; Nelson, David (2004). "Carbon cycling in soil". Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment. 2 (10): 522–528. doi:10.1890/1540-9295(2004)002[0522:CCIS]2.0.CO;2. hdl: 2027.42/117106 . ISSN   1540-9309.
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