The United States National Security Council (NSC) is the national security council used by the president of the United States for consideration of national security,military,and foreign policy matters. Based in the White House,it is part of the Executive Office of the President of the United States,and composed of senior national security advisors and Cabinet officials.
The School of International and Public Affairs (SIPA) is the international affairs and public policy school of Columbia University,a private Ivy League university located in Morningside Heights,Manhattan,New York City. SIPA offers Master of International Affairs (MIA) and Master of Public Administration (MPA) degrees in a range of fields,as well as the Executive MPA and PhD program in Sustainable Development.
C. Fred Bergsten is an American economist,author,think tank entrepreneur,and policy adviser. He has served as assistant for international economic affairs to Henry Kissinger within the National Security Council and as assistant secretary for international affairs at the U.S. Department of the Treasury. He was the founding director of the Peterson Institute for International Economics,until 2006 the Institute for International Economics,which he established in 1981 and led through 2012. In addition to his academic work,he has been an influential public commentator and advisor to the American and global economic policy community,writing for influential periodicals such as Foreign Affairs magazine and by writing numerous books.
Karen Kornbluh served as U.S. Ambassador to the OECD under President Barack Obama and as a senior official at the U.S. Department of the Treasury and Federal Communications Commission under President Bill Clinton. She is an expert on communications policy,international trade and issues affecting working families. Her profile in The New York Times focused on her efforts “Fighting for Economic Equality.” She is now Director of the Digital Innovation and Democracy Initiative at the German Marshall Fund of the United States,a think tank dedicated to promoting transatlantic cooperation,where she is also a Senior Fellow. She also currently serves as the Chairperson of the board of the Open Technology Fund. She was previously Executive Vice President of External Affairs at Nielsen,Senior Fellow for Digital Policy at the Council on Foreign Relations,and a presidentially-appointed member of the Broadcasting Board of Governors. She was a senior adviser to Barack Obama from the beginning of his Senate tenure throughout his 2008 presidential campaign.
Lael Brainard is an American economist who served as the 14th director of the National Economic Council from 2023 to 2025. She previously served as the 22nd vice chair of the Federal Reserve between May 2022 and February 2023. Prior to her term as vice chair,Brainard served as a member of the Federal Reserve Board of Governors,taking office in 2014. Before her appointment to the Federal Reserve,she served as the under secretary of the treasury for international affairs from 2010 to 2013.
Bobby J. Pittman Jr. is an American economist who served as the Special Assistant to President George W. Bush and Senior Director for African Affairs at White House from 2006 to 2009. In that capacity,he was the lead advisor to National Security Advisor Stephen Hadley and President Bush on Africa issues. He also served as the President's Africa Personal Representative (APR) to the G8. During his tenure,Pittman was part of a White House team which oversaw the design and execution of key initiatives such as the Africa Financial Sector Initiative,President's Malaria Initiative (PMI),President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR),Africa Education Initiative,and Millennium Challenge Account (MCA).
Michael Braverman Goodman Froman is an American lawyer who is the current president of the Council on Foreign Relations. Froman served as the U.S. Trade Representative from 2013 to 2017. He was Assistant to the President of the United States and Deputy National Security Advisor for International Economic Affairs,a position held jointly at the National Security Council and the National Economic Council. In that position he served as the United States sherpa to the G7,G8,and G20 summits of economic powers. On May 2,2013,President Barack Obama nominated him to succeed Ambassador Ron Kirk as the U.S. Trade Representative. He was confirmed on June 19,2013.
Brad W. Setser is an American economist. He is a former staff economist at the United States Department of the Treasury,worked at Roubini Global Economics Monitor as Director of Global Research where he co-authored the book "Bailouts or Bail-ins?" with Nouriel Roubini,as a fellow for international economics at the Council on Foreign Relations,for the United States National Economic Council as Director of International Economics,for the United States Department of the Treasury,and as Deputy Assistant Secretary for International Economic Analysis as senior fellow for international economics at the Council on Foreign Relations.
Emmett John Rice was an American economist,academic,bank executive,and member of the Federal Reserve Board of Governors. He served with the Tuskegee Airmen during World War II,taught at Cornell University during the 1950s,and was a noted expert in the monetary systems of developing countries. Susan Rice,former United States Ambassador to the United Nations and National Security Advisor to Barack Obama,is his daughter.
Neal Steven Wolin is an American lawyer. He is a vice chairman of the corporate advisory firm Brunswick Group,an equity partner of Data Collective,a board partner of Social Capital,and a limited partner advisor of Nyca Partners. He was the longest-serving Deputy Secretary of the U.S. Department of the Treasury and also served as Acting Secretary of the Treasury in early 2013.
The U.S.–China Strategic and Economic Dialogue (S&ED) was a high-level dialogue for the United States and China to discuss a wide range of regional and global strategic and economic issues between both countries. The establishment of the S&ED was announced on April 1,2009,by U.S. President Barack Obama and Chinese President Hu Jintao. The upgraded mechanism replaced the former Senior Dialogue and Strategic Economic Dialogue started under the George W. Bush administration. High-level representatives of both countries and their delegations will met annually at capitals alternating between the two countries.
The Summer Palace Dialogue (SPD) is an economic forum which brings together economists from both China and the United States to discuss economic cooperation between the two largest economies in the world. SPD is co-hosted by Chinese Economists 50 Forum and the Columbia Global Centers East Asia,and was formerly co-hosted by the Brookings Institution. It was founded in 2009 by former Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff and current Chairman of AEA Investors Admiral Bill Owens and Vice Minister Liu He of the Chinese Central Leading Group on Financial and Economic Affairs. The forum extends for two days. Participants spend the first day in private discussions and then convene a half-day public session to summarize their observations,analyses,and conclusions with the press and a broader audience. The Summer Palace Dialogue is scheduled annually in mid-September in Beijing,right before the Summer World Economic Forum in Dalian. The third annual Summer Palace Dialogue was held on September 12–13,2011.
Phillip Lee "Phill" Swagel is an American economist who is currently the director of the Congressional Budget Office. As Assistant Secretary of the Treasury for Economic Policy from 2006 to 2009,he played an important role in the Troubled Asset Relief Program that was part of the U.S. government's response to the financial crisis of 2007–08. He was recently a Professor in International Economics at the University of Maryland School of Public Policy,a non-resident scholar at the American Enterprise Institute,senior fellow at the Milken Institute,and co-chair of the Bipartisan Policy Center's Financial Regulatory Reform Initiative.
Samantha Erin Vinograd is a former American government official and presently a foreign policy commentator. She served as the Assistant Secretary for Counterterrorism,Threat Prevention,and Law Enforcement Policy at the Department of Homeland Security from July 2021 to December 2023.
Geoffrey William Seiji Okamoto is an American economist and government official who served as first deputy managing director of the International Monetary Fund. Okamoto previously served as the acting assistant secretary for international finance and development in the United States Department of the Treasury. He was nominated for this position on January 1,2019,by the White House and was never confirmed by the United States Congress. He previously served as acting assistant secretary for international markets and investment,for which he was also not confirmed.
David Lipton is an American economist who served as the Acting Managing Director of the International Monetary Fund from July 2,2019,following Christine Lagarde's nomination as President of the European Central Bank,until Kristalina Georgieva was appointed in the office on October 1,2019. Prior to this,Lipton had been serving as the IMF's First Deputy Managing Director since September 2011. Lipton has been featured in,and interviewed by,numerous publications including The Financial Times,Euromoney,Bloomberg News,and The Guardian.
Adewale O. "Wally" Adeyemo is an American attorney. He served as the United States deputy secretary of the treasury during the Presidency of Joe Biden. He was the first president of the Obama Foundation and served during the Obama administration as the deputy national security advisor for international economics from 2015 to 2016 and deputy director of the National Economic Council.
Daleep Singh is an American economist who serves as Deputy National Security Advisor for International Economics in the Biden administration. Having previously served in the same role in the Biden administration,he joined PGIM Fixed Income in June 2022 as chief global economist before returning to the administration in February 2024.
Michael Pyle is an American government official who served as the Deputy National Security Advisor for International Economics in the Biden administration.
