Mike Froman | |
---|---|
President of the Council on Foreign Relations | |
Assumed office June 30, 2023 | |
Preceded by | Richard N. Haass |
17th United States Trade Representative | |
In office June 21,2013 –January 20,2017 | |
President | Barack Obama |
Deputy | Miriam Sapiro Robert Holleyman |
Preceded by | Ron Kirk |
Succeeded by | Robert Lighthizer |
United States Deputy National Security Advisor for International Economic Affairs | |
In office January 20,1993 –December 31,1995 | |
President | Bill Clinton |
Preceded by | Position established |
Succeeded by | Position abolished |
Personal details | |
Born | San Rafael,California,U.S. | August 20,1962
Political party | Democratic |
Spouse | Nancy Goodman |
Children | 3 |
Education | Princeton University (BA) St Antony's College,Oxford (MA,DPhil) Harvard University (JD) |
Michael Braverman Goodman Froman (born August 20,1962)[ citation needed ] is an American lawyer who is the current president of the Council on Foreign Relations. Froman served as the U.S. Trade Representative from 2013 to 2017. He was Assistant to the President of the United States and Deputy National Security Advisor for International Economic Affairs,a position held jointly at the National Security Council and the National Economic Council. In that position he served as the United States sherpa to the G7,G8,and G20 summits of economic powers. [1] On May 2,2013,President Barack Obama nominated him to succeed Ambassador Ron Kirk as the U.S. Trade Representative. [2] [3] He was confirmed on June 19,2013. [4]
Froman grew up in a Jewish family [5] in San Rafael and graduated from the Branson School. [6] As a teen,Froman was active in the B'nai B'rith Youth Organization,serving as the 56th International President in 1980. [7] He later spoke at the BBYO International Convention in Washington,D.C.,in February 2013. [8] Froman received a B.A. in Public and International Affairs from the Woodrow Wilson School of Princeton University with a senior thesis entitled Negotiating from Strength:The Principle of Power in US-Soviet Arms Control [9] in 1985,a DPhil in International Relations entitled The development of the idea of detente in American political discourse,1952-1985,supervised by Sir Michael Howard, [9] from St Antony's College,Oxford,in 1988 and a J.D. from Harvard Law School where he was a classmate of Barack Obama, [1] [10] and also where he was an associate of Obama on the Harvard Law Review . [11]
Froman served as liaison of the American Bar Association's Central and East European Law Initiative (CEELI) legal assistance program in Albania. He was also a member of the Forward Studies Unit of the European Commission in Brussels. [1]
Froman served as a White House Fellow in 1992-93 and worked in the White House Office of Economic &Domestic Policy.
Between January 1993 and December 1995,Froman was Deputy National Security Advisor for International Economic Affairs on the United States National Economic Council,a position held jointly at the National Security Council and the National Economic Council. [1] He was Deputy Assistant Secretary for Eurasia and the Middle East,where his work was related to economic policy towards the former Soviet Union,Central and Eastern Europe,as well as economic components of the Dayton Accords. [1] He was a Senior Fellow at the Council of Foreign Relations and a Resident Fellow at the German Marshall Fund.
Froman spent much of his career within the United States Department of the Treasury [1] where he rose to Chief of Staff under Robert Rubin in January 1997 and served until July 1999.
After the end of the Clinton administration in 2001,Froman followed Robert Rubin from the Treasury Department to Citigroup. [11] He was President and Chief Executive Officer of CitiInsurance and head of Emerging Markets Strategy at Citigroup,managing infrastructure and sustainable development investments. [1] He received more than $7.4 million from January 2008 to 2009 alone. [12]
Froman and Obama were not in touch after their time at Harvard until Obama's 2004 Senate campaign,when Froman volunteered to advise Obama on policy;he introduced Obama to Robert Rubin. [11] In 2008 Froman served on a 12-member advisory board of the Obama campaign's transition team, [1] [13] and joined the White House for a second run in 2009. He went back to the position he held during the Clinton years,as deputy assistant to the president and deputy national security adviser for international economic affairs,at the National Security Council and the National Economic Council until 2013.[ citation needed ]
On May 2,2013,Froman was nominated to serve as U.S. Trade Representative. Financial documents provided to the Senate Finance Committee showed he had nearly $500,000 in an offshore fund at Ugland House on the Cayman Islands,which Obama had once described as "the biggest tax scam in the world." [14] In 2013 congressional testimony,Rep. Kevin Brady,Republican from Texas,criticized the EU low carbon fuel standard,where oil from tar-sands is classified by itself due to its higher carbon polluting impact compared to regular oil as a "discriminatory,environmentally unjustified" trade barrier,to which Froman responded,"I share your concerns," followed by a description of his work to "press the Commission to take the views of . . . U.S. refiners under consideration." Froman's role as in the drafting of classified trade deals (made public by WikiLeaks) is under scrutiny by lawyers and politicians alike. [15] The U.S. Senate confirmed Froman in a 93-4 vote on June 19,2013. [16] One of the four dissenting senators was Massachusetts Democrat Elizabeth Warren,who faulted Froman for "refusing to commit to [...] standards of transparency in trade talks set by the George W. Bush administration". [15] Environmental groups have criticized Froman for negotiating the Trans Pacific Partnership trade agreement in secret and that he "took care of his friends on Wall Street and in corporate board rooms at the expense of sound environmental and climate policy." [17]
From 2013-2017,Froman served as the lead negotiator on the U.S. side for a bilateral investment treaty with China. [18] : 312 The negotiations had been on-going since 2008. [18] : 312 On taking office,the Trump administration stopped negotiations. [18] : 312 According to Froman,the effort to reach an agreement was "more than 90 percent complete." [18] : 312
In 2017,Froman joined the Council on Foreign Relations as a distinguished fellow in the Washington,D.C.,office.
In April 2018,he was hired by Mastercard Inc as Vice Chairman and President for Strategic Growth. [19]
In September 2018,he became a director of The Walt Disney Company. [20]
Since 2019,he has also been serving on the Transatlantic Task Force of the German Marshall Fund and the Bundeskanzler-Helmut-Schmidt-Stiftung (BKHS),co-chaired by Karen Donfried and Wolfgang Ischinger. [21]
In March 2023,he was chosen as the new president of the Council on Foreign Relations,succeeding Richard N. Haass,who led the organization for two decades. [22]
Froman lives in Washington,D.C.,with his wife,Nancy Goodman. [11] They have one son,Benjamin,and one daughter,Sarah. His older son,Jacob,died in 2009 at age ten from a medulloblastoma,a rare form of pediatric brain cancer. [23]
The Office of the United States Trade Representative (USTR) is an agency of the United States federal government responsible for developing and promoting American trade policy. Part of the Executive Office of the President,it is headed by the U.S. Trade Representative,a Cabinet-level position that serves as the U.S. President's primary advisor,negotiator,and spokesperson on trade matters. USTR has more than two hundred employees,with offices in Geneva,Switzerland,and Brussels,Belgium.
The Council on Foreign Relations (CFR) is an American think tank specializing in U.S. foreign policy and international relations. Founded in 1921,it is an independent and nonpartisan nonprofit organization. CFR is based in New York City,with an additional office in Washington,D.C. Its membership has included senior politicians,secretaries of state,CIA directors,bankers,lawyers,professors,corporate directors,CEOs,and prominent media figures.
The Grand Order of the Aleph Zadik Aleph is an international youth-led fraternal organization for Jewish teenagers. It was founded in 1924 as the male wing of BBYO Inc.,an independent non-profit organization. It is for teens starting in 8th grade,through 12th grade.
Robert Walker Holleyman II served as the United States Deputy Trade Representative,with the rank of ambassador,in the Office of the United States Trade Representative in September,2014 to January 2017. Previously he was the President &CEO of the Business Software Alliance (BSA),the trade consortium which represents the interests of major software houses globally.
Jacob Joseph Lew is an American attorney and diplomat serving as the United States ambassador to Israel. He was the seventy-sixth United States secretary of the treasury from 2013 to 2017. A member of the Democratic Party,he also served as the twenty-fifth White House chief of staff from 2012 to 2013 and as director of the Office of Management and Budget in both the Clinton administration and Obama administration.
Faryar Shirzad;born 1965 in London formerly served on the staff of the National Security Council at the White House from March 2003 through August 2006,first as a special assistant to the President for International Economic Affairs,and then as deputy assistant to the President and deputy national security advisor for International Economic Affairs. In those roles,Shirzad was responsible for advising the President,the National Security Advisor and the Director of the National Economic Council on all international economic policy matters,including trade,investment,finance,development,energy and environment. He also served as the President's personal representative to the G-8,and led the preparations for the President's participation in other international economic summits,such as the U.S.-E.U. Summit,the Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation Forum and the Summit of the Americas.
Kurt Michael Campbell is an American diplomat and businessman serving as the United States deputy secretary of state since 2024. He previously served as National Security Council coordinator for the Indo-Pacific from 2021 to 2024. In this capacity,Campbell had been referred to as the Biden administration's "Asia coordinator" or "Asia czar"—chief architect of Joe Biden's Asia strategy.
Lael Brainard is an American economist serving as the 14th director of the National Economic Council since February 21,2023. She previously served as the 22nd vice chair of the Federal Reserve between May 2022 and February 2023. Prior to her term as vice chair,Brainard served as a member of the Federal Reserve Board of Governors,taking office in 2014. Before her appointment to the Federal Reserve,she served as the under secretary of the treasury for international affairs from 2010 to 2013.
Kenneth Ian Juster is a veteran American diplomat,who served as the United States Ambassador to India from 2017 to 2021. He is currently senior counselor at the global law firm Freshfields Bruckhaus Deringer,senior adviser at the institutional investor CDPQ,strategic adviser at the software company Salesforce,and distinguished fellow at the Council on Foreign Relations.
Michael Bruce Donley is a United States government official who is the director of administration and management in the Office of the Secretary of Defense since May 2021,having served in the same position from 2005 to 2008. In the Bush and Obama administrations,Donley served as the 22nd secretary of the Air Force,amongst other positions. Donley has 30 years of experience in the national security community,including service on the staff of the United States Senate,White House and The Pentagon.
Jason Furman is an American economist and professor at Harvard University's John F. Kennedy School of Government and a nonresident senior fellow at the Peterson Institute for International Economics. On June 10,2013,Furman was named by President Barack Obama as chair of the Council of Economic Advisers (CEA). Furman has also served as the deputy director of the U.S. National Economic Council,which followed his role as an advisor for the Barack Obama 2008 presidential campaign.
Thomas Edward Donilon is an American lawyer,business executive,and former government official who served as the 22nd National Security Advisor in the Obama administration from 2010 to 2013. Donilon also worked in the Carter and Clinton administrations,including as chief of staff of the U.S. State Department. He is now Chairman of the BlackRock Investment Institute,the firm's global think tank.
Barack Obama assumed office as President of the United States on January 20,2009,and his term ended on January 20,2017. The president has the authority to nominate members of his Cabinet to the United States Senate for confirmation under the Appointments Clause of the United States Constitution.
The U.S.–China Strategic and Economic Dialogue (S&ED) was a high-level dialogue for the United States and China to discuss a wide range of regional and global strategic and economic issues between both countries. The establishment of the S&ED was announced on April 1,2009,by U.S. President Barack Obama and Chinese President Hu Jintao. The upgraded mechanism replaced the former Senior Dialogue and Strategic Economic Dialogue started under the George W. Bush administration. High-level representatives of both countries and their delegations will met annually at capitals alternating between the two countries.
Earl Anthony Wayne is an American diplomat. Formerly Assistant Secretary of State for Economic and Business Affairs,Ambassador to Argentina and Deputy Ambassador to Afghanistan,Wayne served nearly four years as Ambassador to Mexico. He was nominated by President Obama and confirmed by the Senate in August,2011. He departed Mexico City for Washington July 31,2015 and retired from the State Department on September 30,2015. Wayne attained the highest rank in the U.S. diplomatic service:Career Ambassador. He is currently a Professorial Lecturer and Distinguished Diplomat in Residence at American University's School of International Service where he teaches courses related to diplomacy and US foreign policy. Wayne also works with the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars,the Atlantic Council,the Center for Strategic and International Studies,. Wayne is co-chair of the Mexico Institute's Advisory Board at the Wilson Center. He is also on the board of the American Academy of Diplomacy and the Public Diplomacy Council of America. Wayne is an independent consultant,speaker and writer and works with several not-for-profit professional associations. He was an adviser for HSBC Latin America on improving management of financial crime risk from 2015 until 2019 and served on the board of the American Foreign Service Association from 2017 to 2019.
Robert David "Bob" Hormats is Vice Chairman of Kissinger Associates. Immediately prior he served as Under Secretary of State for Economic Growth,Energy,and the Environment from 2009 to 2013. Hormats was formerly Vice Chairman of Goldman Sachs (International),which he joined in 1982. He served as Senior Deputy Assistant Secretary,from 1977 to 1979,and Assistant Secretary of State,from 1981 to 1982,at the Bureau of Economic and Business Affairs. He was Ambassador and Deputy U.S. Trade Representative from 1979 to 1981. He served as a senior staff member for International Economic Affairs on the United States National Security Council from 1969 to 1977,where he was senior economic adviser to Henry Kissinger,General Brent Scowcroft and Zbigniew Brzezinski. He helped to manage the Nixon administration's opening of diplomatic relations with China's communist government. He was a recipient of the French Legion of Honor in 1982 and the Arthur S. Flemming Award in 1974.
Demetrios J. Marantis is an American lawyer,senior government official and executive. He served as the acting United States Trade Representative (USTR) from March 15,2013,until May 23,2013. He served as the Deputy Trade Representative for four years under Ron Kirk,and became the acting Trade Representative when Kirk resigned in March 2013.
Adewale O. "Wally" Adeyemo is an American government official serving as the United States deputy secretary of the treasury. He was the first president of the Obama Foundation and also served during the Obama administration as the deputy national security advisor for international economics from 2015 to 2016 and deputy director of the National Economic Council.
Caroline Atkinson,is an American economist,politician and former journalist. In 2013,she had been the Deputy Assistant to 44th US president,Barack Obama,and was his Deputy National Security Advisor for International Economic Affairs.