Vice presidency of Joe Biden

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Joe Biden official portrait 2013.jpg
Official portrait, 2013
Vice Presidency of Joe Biden
January 20, 2009 –January 20, 2017
President

The vice presidency of Joe Biden began with his inauguration on January 20, 2009, alongside President Barack Obama. Biden, a member of the Democratic Party who previously served as a U.S. senator representing Delaware from 1973 to 2009, and sought the 2008 Democratic presidential nomination in 2007, but withdrew from the race during the primaries, was selected as Obama's running mate and took office after their victory in the 2008 presidential election over Republican nominees, John McCain and Sarah Palin. Biden was the first Roman Catholic vice president in the history of the United States. He is seen as the second-most powerful vice president in U.S. history, after his predecessor Dick Cheney. Four years later, in the 2012 presidential election, they defeated Republican nominees Mitt Romney and Paul Ryan, to win re-election. The 2012 election was notable for Biden and then Obama supporting the legalization of same-sex marriage in the United States.

Contents

During Biden's first two years in office, the Democratic Party held their majorities in the House of Representatives under Speaker Nancy Pelosi and the Senate under Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid during the 111th U.S. Congress. Biden was more influential than most vice presidents due to his long Senate career and relationships with both members of Congress and politicians abroad. His relationship with Republican Senate leader Mitch McConnell was particularly important after the Republicans regained control of Congress in the 2010 and 2014 elections, and the two were instrumental in ending the 2011 and 2013 debt-ceiling crises.

Biden was succeeded in office by Mike Pence on January 20, 2017. After his vice presidency, Biden would go on to become the second Catholic president following his victory in the 2020 presidential election. Biden and his running mate Kamala Harris defeated Republican incumbent president and vice president, Donald Trump and Pence, making Biden the first president to serve with a woman vice president, Black American vice president, and Asian American vice president.

2008 presidential election

Presidential campaign

Biden campaigns at a house party in Creston, Iowa, July 2007. Sen. Joe Biden attends a Creston house party.jpg
Biden campaigns at a house party in Creston, Iowa, July 2007.

After exploring running in several previous cycles, in January 2007, Biden declared his candidacy in the 2008 elections. [1] [2] [3] Biden focused on the Iraq War, his record as chairman of major Senate committees, and his foreign-policy experience. [4] Biden was noted for his one-liners during the campaign; in one debate he said of Republican candidate Rudy Giuliani, "There's only three things he mentions in a sentence: a noun, and a verb and 9/11." [5]

Biden had difficulty raising funds, struggled to draw people to his rallies, and failed to gain traction against the high-profile candidacies of Obama and Hillary Clinton. [6] He never rose above single digits in national polls of the Democratic candidates. In the first contest on January 3, 2008, Biden placed fifth in the Iowa caucuses, garnering slightly less than one percent of the state delegates. [7] He withdrew from the race that evening. [8]

Despite its lack of success, Biden's 2008 campaign raised his stature in the political world. [9] : 336  In particular, it changed the relationship between Biden and Obama. Although they had served together on the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, they had not been close: Biden resented Obama's quick rise to political stardom, [10] [11] while Obama viewed Biden as garrulous and patronizing. [9] : 28, 337–338  Having gotten to know each other during 2007, Obama appreciated Biden's campaign style and appeal to working-class voters, and Biden said he became convinced Obama was "the real deal". [11] [9] : 28, 337–338 

Vice presidential campaign

Biden speaks at the August 23, 2008, vice presidential announcement at the Old State Capitol in Springfield, Illinois. Biden Obama 3b.jpg
Biden speaks at the August 23, 2008, vice presidential announcement at the Old State Capitol in Springfield, Illinois.

In August 2008, Obama and Biden met in secret to discuss the possibility of a place for Biden in the Obama administration, [12] and developed a strong personal rapport. [11] On August 22, 2008, Obama announced that Biden would be his running mate. [13] The New York Times reported that the choice reflected a desire for someone with foreign policy and national security experience. [14] Others pointed out Biden's appeal to middle-class and blue-collar voters. [15] [16] Biden was officially nominated for vice president on August 27 at the 2008 Democratic National Convention in Denver. [17]

Biden's vice-presidential campaigning gained little media attention, as the press devoted far more coverage to the Republican nominee, Alaska governor Sarah Palin. [18] [19] Under instructions from the campaign, Biden kept his speeches succinct and tried to avoid offhand remarks. [20] [21] Privately, Biden's remarks frustrated Obama. "How many times is Biden gonna say something stupid?", he asked. [9] : 411–414, 419  Obama campaign staffers called Biden's blunders "Joe bombs" and kept Biden uninformed about strategy discussions, which irked Biden. [22] Relations between the two campaigns became strained for a month, until Biden apologized to Obama and the two built a stronger partnership. [9] : 411–414 

As the 2007–2008 financial crisis reached a peak in September 2008, and the proposed Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008 became a major factor in the campaign, Biden voted for the $700 billion Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008, which passed in the Senate. [23] On October 2, he participated in the vice-presidential debate with Palin at Washington University in St. Louis. Post-debate polls found that while Palin exceeded many voters' expectations, Biden had still won the debate overall. [24] On November 4, Obama and Biden were elected. [25] [26] [27]

As Biden was running for vice president, he was also running for reelection to the Senate, [28] as permitted by Delaware law. [1] Having been reelected to the Senate as well as the vice presidency, [29] Biden made a point of not resigning from the Senate before he was sworn in for his seventh term in January 2009. [30] He resigned from the Senate on January 15. [31] [32]

First term (2009–2013)

Biden being sworn in as vice president by Supreme Court Justice John Paul Stevens on January 20, 2009 Joe Biden sworn in 1-20-09 hires 090120-N-0696M-204a.jpg
Biden being sworn in as vice president by Supreme Court Justice John Paul Stevens on January 20, 2009

Biden's vice presidency succeeded the Vice presidency of Dick Cheney, which was controversial. Biden said he intended to eliminate some explicit roles assumed by George W. Bush's vice president, Dick Cheney, and did not intend to emulate any previous vice presidency. [33] He was sworn in on January 20, 2009. [34] He was the first vice president from Delaware [35] and the first Roman Catholic vice president. [36] [37] Members of the Obama administration said Biden's role in the White House was to be a contrarian and force others to defend their positions. [38] Rahm Emanuel, White House chief of staff, said that Biden helped counter groupthink. [39] The Bidens maintained a relaxed atmosphere at their official residence in Washington, often entertaining their grandchildren, and regularly returned to their home in Delaware. [40]

Biden visited Kosovo in May and affirmed the U.S. position that its "independence is irreversible". [41] Biden lost an internal debate to Secretary of State Hillary Clinton about sending 21,000 new troops to Afghanistan, [42] [43] but his skepticism was valued, [44] and in 2009, Biden's views gained more influence as Obama reconsidered his Afghanistan strategy. [45] Biden visited Iraq about every two months, becoming the administration's point man in delivering messages to Iraqi leadership about expected progress there. [44] More generally, overseeing Iraq policy became Biden's responsibility. [46] By 2012, Biden had made eight trips there, but his oversight of U.S. policy in Iraq receded with the exit of U.S. troops in 2011. [47]

Biden oversaw infrastructure spending from the Obama stimulus package intended to help counteract the ongoing recession. [48] When he completed that role in February 2011, he said the number of fraud incidents with stimulus monies had been less than one percent. [49]

Biden's off-message response to a question in April 2009, during the beginning of the swine flu outbreak, led to a swift retraction by the White House. [50] The remark revived Biden's reputation for gaffes. [51] [45] [52] Confronted with rising unemployment through July 2009, Biden acknowledged that the administration had "misread how bad the economy was", but maintained confidence the stimulus package would create many more jobs once the pace of expenditures picked up. [53] A hot mic picked up Biden telling Obama that his signing the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act was "a big fucking deal" on March 23, 2010. Despite their different personalities, Obama and Biden formed a friendship, partly based around Obama's daughter Sasha and Biden's granddaughter Maisy, who attended Sidwell Friends School together. [22]

President Obama congratulates Biden for his role in shaping the debt ceiling deal which led to the Budget Control Act of 2011. President Barack Obama and Vice President Joe Biden shake hands in the Oval Office following a phone call with House Speaker John Boehner securing a bipartisan deal to reduce the nation's deficit and avoid default.jpg
President Obama congratulates Biden for his role in shaping the debt ceiling deal which led to the Budget Control Act of 2011.

Due to the large Democratic majority in Congress, Biden became the first vice president since Dan Quayle to cast zero tie-breaking votes as President of the Senate. Biden campaigned heavily for Democrats in the 2010 midterm elections, maintaining an attitude of optimism in the face of predictions of large-scale losses for the party. [54] Following big Republican gains in the elections and the departure of Emanuel, Biden's past relationships with Republicans in Congress became more important. [55] [56] He led the successful administration effort to gain Senate approval for the New START treaty. [55] [56] In December 2010, Biden's advocacy for a middle ground, followed by his negotiations with Senate minority leader Mitch McConnell, were instrumental in producing the administration's compromise tax package that included a temporary extension of the Bush tax cuts. [56] [57] The package passed as the Tax Relief, Unemployment Insurance Reauthorization, and Job Creation Act of 2010.

Biden, Obama and the national security team gathered in the White House Situation Room to monitor the progress of the May 2011 mission to kill Osama bin Laden. Obama and Biden await updates on bin Laden.jpg
Biden, Obama and the national security team gathered in the White House Situation Room to monitor the progress of the May 2011 mission to kill Osama bin Laden.

Obama delegated Biden to lead negotiations with Congress in March 2011 to resolve federal spending levels and avoid a government shutdown. [58] The U.S. debt ceiling crisis developed over the next few months, but Biden's relationship with McConnell again proved key in bringing about a deal to resolve it, in the form of the Budget Control Act of 2011. [59] [60] [61] Some reports suggest that Biden opposed proceeding with the May 2011 U.S. mission to kill Osama bin Laden, [62] lest failure adversely affect Obama's reelection prospects. [63] [64]

Obama named Biden to head the Gun Violence Task Force, created to address the causes of school shootings and consider possible gun control measures in the aftermath of the Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting, in December 2012. [65] Later that month, during the final days before the United States fell off the "fiscal cliff", Biden's relationship with McConnell again proved important as the two negotiated a deal that led to the American Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012 being passed at the start of 2013. [66] [67]

2012 presidential election

In a May 2012 Meet the Press interview, Vice President Biden reversed his previous position and publicly supported same-sex marriage, saying he was "absolutely comfortable with the fact that men marrying men, women marrying women, and heterosexual men and women marrying another are entitled to the same exact rights, all the civil rights, all the civil liberties. And quite frankly, I don't see much of a distinction beyond that." [68] Prior to Biden's statement on Meet the Press, the Obama administration endorsed civil unions, but not same-sex marriage. [69] Biden's decision reportedly forced Obama's hand, pressuring Obama to accelerate his own public shift to support same-sex marriage. [70] [71] In 2013, Section 3 of DOMA was ruled unconstitutional and partially struck down in United States v. Windsor . The Obama Administration did not defend the law and congratulated Windsor. [72]

Second term (2013–2017)

Biden was inaugurated to a second term on January 20, 2013, at a small ceremony at Number One Observatory Circle, his official residence, with Justice Sonia Sotomayor presiding (a public ceremony took place on January 21). [73] He played little part in discussions that led to the October 2013 passage of the Continuing Appropriations Act, 2014, which resolved the federal government shutdown of 2013 and the debt-ceiling crisis of 2013. Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid and other Democratic leaders cut him out of direct talks with Congress, feeling Biden had given too much away during previous negotiations. [74] [75] [76]

Biden in Morocco, November 2014 Joe and Jill Biden arrive in Morocco - 2014-11-20.jpg
Biden in Morocco, November 2014

Biden's Violence Against Women Act was reauthorized again in 2013. The act led to related developments, such as the White House Council on Women and Girls, begun in the first term, as well as the White House Task Force to Protect Students from Sexual Assault, begun in January 2014 with Biden and Valerie Jarrett as co-chairs. [77] [78] He talked about sexual violence while introducing Lady Gaga at the 88th Academy Awards in 2016, receiving a standing ovation from the audience. [79]

Biden with Israeli prime minister Benjamin Netanyahu in Jerusalem, March 9, 2016 Vice President Joe Biden visit to Israel March 2016 (25554709411).jpg
Biden with Israeli prime minister Benjamin Netanyahu in Jerusalem, March 9, 2016

Biden favored arming Syria's rebel fighters. [80] As the ISIL insurgency in Iraq intensified in 2014, renewed attention was paid to the Biden-Gelb Iraqi federalization plan of 2006, with some observers suggesting Biden had been right all along. [81] [82] He had close relationships with several Latin American leaders and visited the region 16 times during his vice presidency, the most of any president or vice president. [83] In August 2016, Biden visited Serbia, where he met with the Serbian Prime Minister Aleksandar Vučić and expressed condolences for civilian victims of the bombing campaign during the Kosovo War. [84] Biden never cast a tie-breaking vote in the Senate, making him the longest-serving vice president with this distinction. [85]

Biden supported the U.S. Supreme Court's 5–4 ruling in Obergefell v. Hodges (2015), which held that same-sex couples have a federal constitutional right to marry. Biden issued a statement saying that the ruling reflected a principle that "all people should be treated with respect and dignity – and that all marriages, at their root, are defined by unconditional love." [86] In an event with the group Freedom to Marry, Biden described the decision as "the civil rights movement of our generation" and as consequential as Brown v. Board of Education . [87] Jim Obergefell, the lead plaintiff in the case, endorsed Biden's 2020 presidential run, as did other LGBT leaders. [88]

2016 presidential campaign

During his second term, Biden was often said to be preparing for a bid for the 2016 Democratic presidential nomination. [89] With his family, friends, and donors encouraging him in mid-2015 to enter the race, and with Hillary Clinton's favorability ratings in decline at that time, Biden was reported to be seriously considering the prospect and a "Draft Biden 2016" PAC was established. [89] [90] [91]

By late 2015, Biden was still uncertain about running. He felt his son Beau's recent death had largely drained his emotional energy, and said, "nobody has a right... to seek that office unless they're willing to give it 110% of who they are." [92] On October 21, Biden announced his decision not to run for president in 2016. [93] [94] [95]

The friendly relationship between Obama and Biden shaped Biden's public image. Official portrait of President Obama and Vice President Biden 2012.jpg
The friendly relationship between Obama and Biden shaped Biden's public image.

The Onion parody of Biden

Between 2009 and 2019, satirical online newspaper The Onion consistently portrayed Biden as an outrageous character who shared almost nothing in common with his namesake besides the title of vice president of the United States. [96] [97] The character was also known as "Diamond Joe". [98] The publication portrayed Biden as a blue-collar "average Joe", an affable "goofy uncle", a muscle car driver, an avid fan of 1980s hair metal, a raucous party animal, a shameless womanizer, a recidivist petty criminal, and a drug-dealing outlaw. [99] [100] Biden's character became one of The Onion's most popular features during the Obama presidency, garnering critical acclaim and a large readership. [99] [101] Despite the extreme differences between the fictional character and the real politician, The Onion was regarded as having a significant, mostly positive influence on Biden's public image. [96] [101] Commentators noted that the character likely reinforced public perceptions of Biden as a political figure with populist working-class appeal and a good-natured, easy-going disposition. [96] [97]

Television

Jason Sudeikis portrayed Biden during the 2008 United States Presidential election and has since returned to the role numerous times. [102] In 2016, Greg Kinnear portrayed then Senator Biden in the HBO television film Confirmation about the controversial Clarence Thomas Supreme Court nomination hearings. Kerry Washington portrayed Anita Hill and Wendell Pierce played Clarence Thomas. Kinnear said he took the role because, "[Biden] is an interesting character, I understood his predicament, I understood the situation that he was in and I felt like that would be a great part to play." [103] Brian Lowry of Variety described his performance as "uncanny". [104] Emma Brockes of The Guardian described Kinnear as "particularly excellent". [105] Joe McGovern of Entertainment Weekly cited his performance as being "fantastic", adding "Kinnear nails the duality of Biden’s position, attempting on one hand to maintain comity among his colleagues in the Senate while also trying, often fecklessly, to be sensitive to Hill". [106]

Legacy

Biden's Vice President Kamala Harris (2021-2025) Kamala Harris Vice Presidential Portrait.jpg
Biden's Vice President Kamala Harris (2021–2025)

In January 2017, Barack Obama called Biden “the best Vice President America has ever had”. Biden's high level of influence and effectiveness as vice president was seen by observers as the second most powerful in the history of the United States, after the vice presidency of Dick Cheney. [107] [108]

After leaving the vice presidency, Biden became an honorary professor at the University of Pennsylvania, developing the Penn Biden Center for Diplomacy and Global Engagement. Biden remained in that position into 2019. [109] [110] In 2019, Biden launched his 2020 presidential campaign. Biden won the 2020 United States presidential election, becoming the first former vice president to be elected since Richard Nixon in 1968. President Donald Trump refused to concede the election and attempted to overturn it in the January 6, 2021 United States Capitol attack.

Biden was sworn in on January 20, 2021. Building off the Obama-Biden foreign policy, under Biden's foreign policy the U.S. reentered the Paris Agreement negotiated by Obama, and withdrew all U.S. troops from the war in Afghanistan, leading to the Taliban retaking control of Afghanistan. Biden endorsed his vice president Kamala Harris in the 2024 United States presidential election.

See also

References

Citations

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  44. 1 2 Cummings, Jeanne (September 16, 2009). "Joe Biden, 'the skunk at the family picnic'". The Politico . Retrieved September 17, 2009.
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  55. 1 2 Lee, Carol E.; Bresnahan, John (December 9, 2010). "Joe Biden expands role as White House link to Congress". Politico . Archived from the original on October 16, 2015. Retrieved December 10, 2010.
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