Cabinet of Joe Biden

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Biden Cabinet
Flag of the United States.svg
Cabinet of the United States
2021–present
Cabinet members of Joe Biden.jpg
Cabinet of President Joe Biden in July 2021
Date formedJanuary 20, 2021 (2021-01-20)
People and organizations
President Joe Biden
President's history U.S. Vice President
(2009–2017)
U.S. Senator from Delaware
(1973–2009)
New Castle County Councilman (1971–1973)
Vice President Kamala Harris
Total no. of members25 (incl. Cabinet-level members)
Member party  Democratic Party
Status in legislature Majority government (2021–2023)
Divided government (2023–present)
Opposition party  Republican Party
History
Election 2020 presidential election
Legislature terms 117th Congress
118th Congress
119th Congress (17 days)
Budgets 2021 budget
2022 budget
2023 budget
2024 budget
Advice and consent United States Senate
Predecessor First Trump Cabinet
Successor Second Trump Cabinet

Joe Biden assumed office as the 46th president of the United States on January 20, 2021. The president has the authority to nominate members of his Cabinet to the United States Senate for confirmation under the Appointments Clause of the United States Constitution.

Contents

Before confirmation and during congressional hearings, a high-level career member of an executive department heads this pre-confirmed cabinet on an acting basis. The Cabinet's creation was part of the transition of power following the 2020 presidential election.

In addition to the 15 heads of executive departments, there are 10 Cabinet-level officials. Biden altered his cabinet structure, elevating the chair of the Council of Economic Advisers, [1] director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy [2] and ambassador to the United Nations as Cabinet-level positions. [3] Biden initially removed the director of the Central Intelligence Agency from his Cabinet, but reversed the move in July 2023. [4] [5]

Confirmations had occurred at the slowest pace of any presidential cabinet in modern history that resulted from delays in facilitating an orderly transition of power and passing the organizing resolution for governing an evenly split Senate following the 2020–2021 United States Senate runoff elections in Georgia; and the second impeachment of Donald Trump. [6] By March 2021, a pick-up in the first half of the month brought confirmations close to pace. [7] Biden is the first president since Ronald Reagan in 1981 to have all of his original Cabinet secretary nominees confirmed to their posts. [8]

This article documents the nomination and confirmation process for any successful or unsuccessful Cabinet nominees of the Biden administration. They are listed in order of creation of the Cabinet position (also used as the basis for the United States presidential line of succession).

Cabinet

All permanent members of the Cabinet of the United States as heads of executive departments require the advice and consent of the United States Senate following appointment by the president before taking office. The vice presidency is exceptional in that the position requires an election to office pursuant to the United States Constitution. The president may also designate heads of other agencies and non-Senate-confirmed members of the Executive Office of the President as Cabinet-level members of the Cabinet. The Cabinet meets with the president in the Cabinet Room, a room adjacent to the Oval Office.

The following have been named as Cabinet appointees by the president of the United States. [9]

    Cabinet of President Joe Biden
      Elected to office all other cabinet members serve at the pleasure of the president
      Yet to be confirmed by the Senate
      Serving in an acting capacity (two at present)
      No Senate consent needed
    Office
    Date announced/confirmed
    DesigneeOffice
    Date announced/confirmed
    Designee
    Seal of the Vice President of the United States.svg

    Vice President
    Announced August 11, 2020
    Elected November 3, 2020
    Assumed office January 20, 2021

    Kamala Harris Vice Presidential Portrait (cropped).jpg
    Former U.S. Senator
    Kamala Harris
    from California
    Seal of the United States Secretary of State.svg

    Secretary of State
    Announced November 23, 2020
    Assumed office January 26, 2021

    Secretary Blinken's Official Department Photo (cropped).jpg
    Former Deputy Secretary
    Antony Blinken
    from New York
    US-DeptOfTheTreasury-Seal.svg

    Secretary of the Treasury
    Announced November 30, 2020
    Assumed office January 26, 2021

    Secretary Janet Yellen portrait (cropped).jpg
    Former Federal Reserve Chair
    Janet Yellen
    from California
    US Department of Defense seal.svg

    Secretary of Defense
    Announced December 8, 2020
    Assumed office January 22, 2021

    Secretary of Defense Lloyd Austin, official portrait, 2023 (cropped).jpg
    Former Commander of USCENTCOM
    Lloyd Austin
    from Georgia
    US-DeptOfJustice-Seal.svg

    Attorney General
    Announced January 7, 2021
    Assumed office March 11, 2021

    Attorney General Merrick Garland (cropped).jpg
    Former Circuit Judge
    Merrick Garland
    from Maryland
    US-DeptOfTheInterior-Seal.svg

    Secretary of the Interior
    Announced December 17, 2020
    Assumed office March 16, 2021

    Secretary Deb Haaland, official headshot.jpg
    Former U.S. Representative
    Deb Haaland
    from New Mexico
    US Department of Agriculture seal.svg

    Secretary of Agriculture
    Announced December 10, 2020
    Assumed office February 24, 2021

    20210427-OSEC-TEW-001 Agriculture Secretary Tom Vilsack (51148817903) (cropped).jpg
    Former Governor
    Tom Vilsack
    of Iowa
    US-DeptOfCommerce-Seal.svg

    Secretary of Commerce
    Announced January 7, 2021
    Assumed office March 3, 2021

    Gina Raimondo (cropped 2).jpg
    Former Governor
    Gina Raimondo
    of Rhode Island
    US-DeptOfLabor-Seal.svg

    Secretary of Labor
    Announced February 28, 2023
    Assumed acting office: March 11, 2023

    Julie Su Portrait (cropped).jpg
    Deputy Secretary
    Julie Su
    of California
    US Department of Health and Human Services seal.svg

    Secretary of Health and Human Services
    Announced December 7, 2020
    Assumed office March 19, 2021

    HHS Xavier Becerra (cropped).jpg
    Former State Attorney General
    Xavier Becerra
    of California
    US-DeptOfHUD-Seal.svg

    Secretary of Housing and Urban Development
    Assumed acting office: March 22, 2024

    Adrianne Todman.jpg
    Deputy Secretary
    Adrianne Todman
    from the U.S. Virgin Islands
    Seal of the United States Department of Transportation - Alternate Version.svg

    Secretary of Transportation
    Announced December 15, 2020
    Assumed office February 3, 2021

    Pete Buttigieg, Secretary of Transportation (cropped).jpg
    Former Mayor
    Pete Buttigieg
    from Indiana
    Seal of the United States Department of Energy.svg

    Secretary of Energy
    Announced December 17, 2020
    Assumed office February 25, 2021

    Secretary Jennifer Granholm (cropped).jpg
    Former Governor
    Jennifer Granholm
    of Michigan
    US-DeptOfEducation-Seal.svg

    Secretary of Education
    Announced December 22, 2020
    Assumed office March 2, 2021

    Secretary of Education Miguel Cardona, official portrait (cropped).jpg
    Former State Education Commissioner
    Miguel Cardona
    of Connecticut
    Seal of the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs.svg

    Secretary of Veterans Affairs
    Announced December 10, 2020
    Assumed office February 9, 2021

    Secretary McDonough, official photo (cropped).jpg
    Former White House Chief of Staff
    Denis McDonough
    from Maryland
    Seal of the United States Department of Homeland Security.svg

    Secretary of Homeland Security
    Announced November 23, 2020
    Assumed office February 2, 2021

    Secretary Mayorkas Official Photo (cropped).jpg
    Former Deputy Secretary
    Alejandro Mayorkas
    from the District of Columbia

    Cabinet-level officials

    Office
    Date announced/confirmed
    DesigneeOffice
    Date announced/confirmed
    Designee
    US-WhiteHouse-Logo.svg

    White House Chief of Staff
    Announced January 22, 2023
    Assumed office February 8, 2023

    Jeff Zients, WHCOS (crop).jpg
    Former Counselor to the President
    Jeff Zients
    from the District of Columbia
    Environmental Protection Agency logo.svg

    Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency
    Announced December 17, 2020
    Assumed office March 11, 2021

    Michael S. Regan official photo (cropped).jpg
    Former State Secretary of Environmental Quality
    Michael S. Regan
    of North Carolina
    US-OfficeOfManagementAndBudget-Seal.svg

    Director of the Office of Management and Budget
    Announced March 2, 2021 (acting as deputy)
    Assumed office March 24, 2021 (acting as deputy)
    Announced November 24, 2021 (director)
    Assumed office March 17, 2022 (director)

    Shalanda Young, OMB Deputy Director.jpg
    Former Deputy Director
    Shalanda Young
    from Louisiana
    The Office of the Director of National Intelligence.svg

    Director of National Intelligence
    Announced November 23, 2020
    Assumed office January 21, 2021

    Avril-Haines (cropped).jpg
    Former Deputy National Security Advisor
    Avril Haines
    from New York
    Seal of the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency.svg

    Director of the Central Intelligence Agency
    Announced January 11, 2021
    Assumed office March 19, 2021
    Elevated July 21, 2023

    CIA Director Burns.jpg
    Former Deputy Secretary of State
    William J. Burns
    from North Carolina
    US-TradeRepresentative-Seal.svg

    United States Trade Representative
    Announced December 10, 2020
    Assumed office March 18, 2021

    Katherine Tai, official portrait.jpg
    Former Chief Trade Counsel of the House Ways and Means Committee
    Katherine Tai
    from the District of Columbia
    U.S. Department of State official seal.svg

    Ambassador to the United Nations
    Announced November 23, 2020
    Assumed office February 25, 2021

    Linda-Thomas-Greenfield-v1-8x10-1.jpg
    Former Assistant Secretary of State for African Affairs
    Linda Thomas-Greenfield
    from Louisiana
    Council of Economic Advisers.png

    Chair of the Council of Economic Advisers
    Announced February 14, 2023
    Assumed office July 10, 2023

    Jared Bernstein, CEA Member.jpg
    Former Member of the Council of Economic Advisers
    Jared Bernstein
    from Virginia
    US-SmallBusinessAdmin-Seal.svg

    Administrator of the Small Business Administration
    Announced January 7, 2021
    Assumed office March 17, 2021

    Isabella Casillas Guzman, SBA Administrator.png
    Former Director of the State Office of Small Business Advocate
    Isabel Guzman
    of California
    US-OfficeOfScienceAndTechnologyPolicy-Seal.svg

    Science Advisor to the President
    Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy
    Announced June 21, 2022
    Assumed office October 3, 2022

    Arati Prabhakar, OSTP Director.jpg
    Former Director of DARPA
    Arati Prabhakar
    from California
    Cabinet members of Joe Biden.jpg
    The Biden cabinet
    OfficeNameTerm
    President Joe Biden 2021present
    Vice President Kamala Harris 2021present
    Secretary of State Antony Blinken 2021present
    Secretary of the Treasury Janet Yellen 2021present
    Secretary of Defense Lloyd Austin 2021present
    Attorney General Merrick Garland 2021present
    Secretary of the Interior Deb Haaland 2021present
    Secretary of Agriculture Tom Vilsack 2021present
    Secretary of Commerce Gina Raimondo 2021present
    Secretary of Labor Marty Walsh 20212023
    Julie Su (acting)2023present
    Secretary of Health and
    Human Services
    Xavier Becerra 2021present
    Secretary of Housing and
    Urban Development
    Marcia Fudge 20212024
    Adrianne Todman (acting)2024present
    Secretary of Transportation Pete Buttigieg 2021present
    Secretary of Energy Jennifer Granholm 2021present
    Secretary of Education Miguel Cardona 2021present
    Secretary of Veterans Affairs Denis McDonough 2021present
    Secretary of Homeland Security Alejandro Mayorkas 2021present
    Administrator of the
    Environmental Protection Agency
    Michael S. Regan 2021present
    Director of the Office of
    Management and Budget
    Shalanda Young 2021present
    Director of National Intelligence Avril Haines 2021present
    Director of the
    Central Intelligence Agency
    William J. Burns*2021present
    United States Trade Representative Katherine Tai 2021present
    Ambassador to the United Nations Linda Thomas-Greenfield 2021present
    Chair of the
    Council of Economic Advisers
    Cecilia Rouse 20212023
    Jared Bernstein 2023present
    Administrator of the
    Small Business Administration
    Isabel Guzman 2021present
    Director of the Office of
    Science and Technology Policy
    Eric Lander 20212022
    Arati Prabhakar 2022present
    Chief of Staff Ron Klain 20212023
    Jeff Zients 2023present
    *Elevated to cabinet-level in July 2023

    Confirmation process

    Below is a list of confirmations for Cabinet positions, Cabinet-level positions, and other significant positions that were approved through the Senate from January 2021 onwards, by a recorded roll-call vote, rather than by a voice vote.

    Arati PrabhakarEric LanderIsabel GuzmanJared BernsteinCecilia RouseLinda Thomas-GreenfieldKatherine TaiAvril HainesShalanda YoungNeera TandenMichael S. ReganAlejandro MayorkasDenis McDonoughMiguel CardonaJennifer GranholmPete ButtigiegMarcia FudgeXavier BecerraJulie SuMarty WalshGina RaimondoTom VilsackDeb HaalandMerrick GarlandLloyd AustinJanet YellenAntony BlinkenCabinet of Joe Biden

    Confirmation votes

    Senate confirmation votes of President Joe Biden's cabinet
    StateSenatorPartyJan 20, 2021
    Avril-Haines.jpg
    Avril
    Haines

    Intelligence
    84–10
    Jan 22, 2021
    Secretary of Defense Lloyd Austin, official portrait, 2023 (cropped).jpg
    Lloyd
    Austin

    Defense
    93–2
    Jan 25, 2021
    Secretary Janet Yellen portrait (cropped).jpg
    Janet
    Yellen

    Treasury
    84–15
    Jan 26, 2021
    Secretary Blinken's Official Department Photo (cropped).jpg
    Antony
    Blinken

    State
    78–22
    Feb 2, 2021
    Pete Buttigieg, Secretary of Transportation (cropped).jpg
    Pete
    Buttigieg

    Transport
    86–13
    Feb 2, 2021
    Secretary Mayorkas Official Photo (cropped).jpg
    Alejandro
    Mayorkas

    Homeland
    56–43
    Feb 8, 2021
    Secretary McDonough, official photo (cropped).jpg
    Denis
    McDonough

    Veterans
    87–7
    Feb 23, 2021
    Linda-Thomas-Greenfield-v1-8x10-1.jpg
    Linda Thomas-
    Greenfield

    UN
    78–20
    Alabama Richard Shelby RYeaYeaNayNayNayNayYeaNay
    Alabama Tommy Tuberville RYeaYeaNayNayNayNayYeaNay
    Alaska Lisa Murkowski RYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYea
    Alaska Dan Sullivan RYeaYeaNayYeaYeaYeaYeaYea
    Arizona Kyrsten Sinema DYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYea
    Arizona Mark Kelly DYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYea
    Arkansas John Boozman RYeaYeaNayNayYeaNayYeaYea
    Arkansas Tom Cotton RYeaYeaNayNayNayNayNayNay
    California Dianne Feinstein DYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYea
    California Alex Padilla DYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYea
    Colorado Michael Bennet DYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYea
    Colorado John Hickenlooper DYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYea
    Connecticut Richard Blumenthal DYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYea
    Connecticut Chris Murphy DYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYea
    Delaware Tom Carper DYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYea
    Delaware Chris Coons DYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYea
    Florida Marco Rubio RYeaYeaNo voteYeaNayNayYeaNay
    Florida Rick Scott RYeaYeaNayNayNayNayNayNay
    Georgia Jon Ossoff DYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYea
    Georgia Raphael Warnock DYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYea
    Hawaii Brian Schatz DYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYea
    Hawaii Mazie Hirono DYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYea
    Idaho Mike Crapo RNo voteYeaYeaYeaYeaNayYeaYea
    Idaho Jim Risch RNayYeaNayYeaYeaNayYeaYea
    Illinois Dick Durbin DYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYea
    Illinois Tammy Duckworth DYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYea
    Indiana Todd Young RYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaNayYeaYea
    Indiana Mike Braun RNayYeaYeaNayYeaNayYeaNay
    Iowa Chuck Grassley RYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaNayYeaNay
    Iowa Joni Ernst RNayYeaYeaNayYeaNayNayNay
    Kansas Jerry Moran RYeaNo voteYeaYeaYeaNayNo voteYea
    Kansas Roger Marshall RNayYeaYeaNayNayNayNayNay
    Kentucky Mitch McConnell RYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaNayYeaYea
    Kentucky Rand Paul RNayYeaNayNayYeaNayNo voteNo vote
    Louisiana Bill Cassidy RYeaYeaYeaNayNayNayYeaYea
    Louisiana John Kennedy RYeaYeaYeaNayYeaNayYeaYea
    Maine Susan Collins RYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYea
    Maine Angus King I-DYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYea
    Maryland Ben Cardin DYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYea
    Maryland Chris Van Hollen DYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYea
    Massachusetts Elizabeth Warren DYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYea
    Massachusetts Ed Markey DYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYea
    Michigan Debbie Stabenow DYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYea
    Michigan Gary Peters DYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYea
    Minnesota Amy Klobuchar DYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYea
    Minnesota Tina Smith DYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYea
    Mississippi Roger Wicker RYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaNayYeaYea
    Mississippi Cindy Hyde-Smith RYeaNo voteYeaYeaYeaNayYeaYea
    Missouri Roy Blunt RYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaNayYeaYea
    Missouri Josh Hawley RNayNayNayNayNayNayNayNay
    Montana Jon Tester DYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYea
    Montana Steve Daines RYeaYeaYeaNayYeaNayYeaNay
    Nebraska Deb Fischer RYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaNayYeaYea
    Nebraska Ben Sasse RYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaNayYeaNay
    Nevada Catherine Cortez Masto DYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYea
    Nevada Jacky Rosen DYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYea
    New Hampshire Jeanne Shaheen DYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYea
    New Hampshire Maggie Hassan DYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYea
    New Jersey Bob Menendez DYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYea
    New Jersey Cory Booker DYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYea
    New Mexico Martin Heinrich DYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYea
    New Mexico Ben Ray Luján DYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYea
    New York Chuck Schumer DYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYea
    New York Kirsten Gillibrand DYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYea
    North Carolina Richard Burr RYeaNo voteYeaYeaYeaNayNo voteYea
    North Carolina Thom Tillis RNo voteNo voteYeaYeaYeaNayYeaYea
    North Dakota John Hoeven RYeaYeaNayNayYeaNayYeaNay
    North Dakota Kevin Cramer RYeaYeaNayNayYeaNayYeaNay
    Ohio Sherrod Brown DNo voteYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYea
    Ohio Rob Portman RYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYea
    Oklahoma Jim Inhofe RYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaNayNo voteYea
    Oklahoma James Lankford RYeaYeaYeaNayNayNayYeaNay
    Oregon Ron Wyden DYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYea
    Oregon Jeff Merkley DYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYea
    Pennsylvania Bob Casey Jr. DYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYea
    Pennsylvania Pat Toomey RNo voteYeaYeaYeaNo voteNo voteNo voteNo vote
    Rhode Island Jack Reed DYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYea
    Rhode Island Sheldon Whitehouse DNo voteYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYea
    South Carolina Lindsey Graham RYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaNayYeaYea
    South Carolina Tim Scott RNo voteYeaYeaNayNayNayYeaNay
    South Dakota John Thune RYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaNayYeaYea
    South Dakota Mike Rounds RYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaNayYeaYea
    Tennessee Marsha Blackburn RNayYeaNayNayNayNayYeaNay
    Tennessee Bill Hagerty RNayYeaYeaYeaNayNayNayNay
    Texas John Cornyn RYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaNayYeaYea
    Texas Ted Cruz RNayYeaNayNayNayNayNayNay
    Utah Mike Lee RNayNayNayNayYeaNayYeaYea
    Utah Mitt Romney RYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYea
    Vermont Patrick Leahy DYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYea
    Vermont Bernie Sanders I-DYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYea
    Virginia Mark Warner DYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYea
    Virginia Tim Kaine DYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYea
    Washington Patty Murray DYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYea
    Washington Maria Cantwell DYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYea
    West Virginia Joe Manchin DYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYea
    West Virginia Shelley Moore Capito RYeaNo voteYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYea
    Wisconsin Ron Johnson RYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaNayYeaYea
    Wisconsin Tammy Baldwin DYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYea
    Wyoming John Barrasso RYeaYeaNayNayYeaNayNo voteNay
    Wyoming Cynthia Lummis RYeaYeaYeaNayYeaNayYeaYea
    StateSenatorPartyFeb 23, 2021
    20210427-OSEC-TEW-001 Agriculture Secretary Tom Vilsack (51148817903) (cropped).jpg
    Tom
    Vilsack

    Agriculture
    92–7
    Feb 25, 2021
    Secretary Jennifer Granholm (cropped).jpg
    Jennifer
    Granholm

    Energy
    64–35
    Mar 1, 2021
    Secretary of Education Miguel Cardona, official portrait (cropped).jpg
    Miguel
    Cardona

    Education
    64–33
    Mar 2, 2021
    Gina Raimondo (cropped 2).jpg
    Gina
    Raimondo

    Commerce
    84–15
    Mar 2, 2021
    Cecilia Rouse, CEA Chair (thumbnail).png
    Cecilia
    Rouse

    CEA
    95–4
    Mar 10, 2021
    Secretary Fudge official photo (cropped).png
    Marcia
    Fudge

    HUD
    66–34
    Mar 10, 2021
    Attorney General Merrick Garland (cropped).jpg
    Merrick
    Garland

    Justice
    70–30
    Mar 10, 2021
    Michael S. Regan official photo (cropped).jpg
    Michael
    Regan

    EPA
    66–34
    Alabama Richard Shelby RYeaNayNayNayYeaNayNayNay
    Alabama Tommy Tuberville RYeaNayNayNayNayNayNayNay
    Alaska Lisa Murkowski RYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYea
    Alaska Dan Sullivan RNayNo voteNayYeaYeaYeaNayNay
    Arizona Kyrsten Sinema DYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYea
    Arizona Mark Kelly DYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYea
    Arkansas John Boozman RYeaNayNayYeaYeaNayNayNay
    Arkansas Tom Cotton RYeaNayNayNayNayNayNayNay
    California Dianne Feinstein DYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYea
    California Alex Padilla DYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYea
    Colorado Michael Bennet DYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYea
    Colorado John Hickenlooper DYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYea
    Connecticut Richard Blumenthal DYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYea
    Connecticut Chris Murphy DYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYea
    Delaware Tom Carper DYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYea
    Delaware Chris Coons DYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYea
    Florida Marco Rubio RNayNayYeaNayYeaNayNayYea
    Florida Rick Scott RNayNayNayNayNayNayNayNay
    Georgia Jon Ossoff DYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYea
    Georgia Raphael Warnock DYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYea
    Hawaii Brian Schatz DYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYea
    Hawaii Mazie Hirono DYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYea
    Idaho Mike Crapo RYeaYeaNayYeaYeaNayNayNay
    Idaho Jim Risch RYeaYeaNayYeaYeaNayNayNay
    Illinois Dick Durbin DYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYea
    Illinois Tammy Duckworth DYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYea
    Indiana Todd Young RYeaYeaNayYeaYeaYeaNayNay
    Indiana Mike Braun RYeaNayNayYeaYeaNayNayYea
    Iowa Chuck Grassley RYeaNayYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYea
    Iowa Joni Ernst RYeaNayNayYeaYeaNayYeaNay
    Kansas Jerry Moran RYeaNayNo voteYeaYeaYeaYeaNay
    Kansas Roger Marshall RYeaNayNayYeaYeaNayNayNay
    Kentucky Mitch McConnell RYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaNay
    Kentucky Rand Paul RNayNayNayYeaNayNayNayNay
    Louisiana Bill Cassidy RYeaNayYeaYeaYeaNayYeaNay
    Louisiana John Kennedy RYeaNayNayNayYeaNayNayNay
    Maine Susan Collins RYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYea
    Maine Angus King I-DYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYea
    Maryland Ben Cardin DYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYea
    Maryland Chris Van Hollen DYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYea
    Massachusetts Elizabeth Warren DYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYea
    Massachusetts Ed Markey DYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYea
    Michigan Debbie Stabenow DYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYea
    Michigan Gary Peters DYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYea
    Minnesota Amy Klobuchar DYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYea
    Minnesota Tina Smith DYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYea
    Mississippi Roger Wicker RYeaNayNayYeaYeaNayNayYea
    Mississippi Cindy Hyde-Smith RYeaNayNayYeaYeaNayNayYea
    Missouri Roy Blunt RYeaNayNo voteYeaYeaYeaYeaNay
    Missouri Josh Hawley RNayNayNayNayYeaNayNayNay
    Montana Jon Tester DYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYea
    Montana Steve Daines RYeaYeaNayYeaYeaNayNayNay
    Nebraska Deb Fischer RYeaNayYeaYeaYeaNayNayYea
    Nebraska Ben Sasse RYeaNayNayNayYeaNayNayNay
    Nevada Catherine Cortez Masto DYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYea
    Nevada Jacky Rosen DYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYea
    New Hampshire Jeanne Shaheen DNo voteYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYea
    New Hampshire Maggie Hassan DYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYea
    New Jersey Bob Menendez DYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYea
    New Jersey Cory Booker DYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYea
    New Mexico Martin Heinrich DYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYea
    New Mexico Ben Ray Luján DYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYea
    New York Chuck Schumer DYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYea
    New York Kirsten Gillibrand DYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYea
    North Carolina Richard Burr RYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaNayYeaYea
    North Carolina Thom Tillis RYeaNayYeaYeaYeaNayYeaYea
    North Dakota John Hoeven RYeaYeaNayNayYeaYeaNayNay
    North Dakota Kevin Cramer RYeaYeaNayNayYeaYeaNayYea
    Ohio Sherrod Brown DYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYea
    Ohio Rob Portman RYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYea
    Oklahoma Jim Inhofe RYeaNayNayYeaYeaNayYeaNay
    Oklahoma James Lankford RYeaNayNayYeaYeaNayYeaNay
    Oregon Ron Wyden DYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYea
    Oregon Jeff Merkley DYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYea
    Pennsylvania Bob Casey Jr. DYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYea
    Pennsylvania Pat Toomey RYeaNayNayYeaYeaNayNayNay
    Rhode Island Jack Reed DYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYea
    Rhode Island Sheldon Whitehouse DYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYea
    South Carolina Lindsey Graham RYeaNayNayYeaYeaYeaYeaYea
    South Carolina Tim Scott RYeaNayNayNayYeaYeaNayNay
    South Dakota John Thune RYeaNayNayYeaYeaNayYeaNay
    South Dakota Mike Rounds RYeaYeaNayYeaYeaYeaYeaYea
    Tennessee Marsha Blackburn RYeaNayNo voteNo voteNo voteNayNayNay
    Tennessee Bill Hagerty RYeaNayNayNayYeaNayNayNay
    Texas John Cornyn RYeaNayYeaYeaYeaNayYeaNay
    Texas Ted Cruz RNayNayNayNayYeaNayNayNay
    Utah Mike Lee RYeaNayNayYeaYeaNayNayYea
    Utah Mitt Romney RYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYea
    Vermont Patrick Leahy DYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYea
    Vermont Bernie Sanders I-DNayYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYea
    Virginia Mark Warner DYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYea
    Virginia Tim Kaine DYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYea
    Washington Patty Murray DYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYea
    Washington Maria Cantwell DYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYea
    West Virginia Joe Manchin DYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYea
    West Virginia Shelley Moore Capito RYeaNayYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaNay
    Wisconsin Ron Johnson RYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaNayYeaNay
    Wisconsin Tammy Baldwin DYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaYea
    Wyoming John Barrasso RYeaNayNayNayYeaNayNayNay
    Wyoming Cynthia Lummis RYeaNayNayNayYeaNayNayNay
    StateSenatorPartyMar 15, 2021
    Secretary Deb Haaland, official headshot.jpg
    Deb
    Haaland

    Interior
    51–40
    Mar 16, 2021
    Isabella Casillas Guzman, SBA Administrator.png
    Isabel
    Guzman

    SBA
    81–17
    Mar 17, 2021
    Katherine Tai, official portrait.jpg
    Katherine
    Tai

    Trade
    98–0
    Mar 18, 2021
    HHS Xavier Becerra (cropped).jpg
    Xavier
    Becerra

    Health
    50–49
    Mar 22, 2021
    Secretary Marty Walsh (cropped).jpg
    Marty
    Walsh

    Labor
    68–29
    May 28, 2021
    Eric Lander July 2021.jpg
    Eric
    Lander

    OSTP
    Voice vote
    Mar 15, 2022
    Shalanda Young, OMB Deputy Director.jpg
    Shalanda
    Young

    OMB
    61–36
    Sep 22, 2022
    Arati Prabhakar by christopher michel 5-9-23.jpg
    Arati
    Prabhakar

    OSTP
    56–40
    Summary
    of votes
    cast by
    senators
    YeaDid not
    vote
    Nay
    Alabama Richard Shelby RNayYeaYeaNayNayNo voteYeaNay8115
    Alabama Tommy Tuberville RNayNayYeaNayYeaNo voteNayNay6117
    Alaska Lisa Murkowski RYeaYeaYeaNayNo voteNo voteYeaYea2121
    Alaska Dan Sullivan RYeaYeaYeaNayYeaNo voteYeaNay1527
    Arizona Kyrsten Sinema DYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaNo voteYeaYea2310
    Arizona Mark Kelly DYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaNo voteYeaYea2310
    Arkansas John Boozman RNayNayYeaNayNayNo voteNayNay9114
    Arkansas Tom Cotton RNayNayYeaNayNayNo voteNayNay4119
    California Dianne Feinstein DYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaNo voteNo voteYea2220
    California Alex Padilla DYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaNo voteYeaYea2310
    Colorado Michael Bennet DNo voteYeaYeaYeaYeaNo voteYeaYea2220
    Colorado John Hickenlooper DNo voteYeaYeaYeaYeaNo voteYeaYea2220
    Connecticut Richard Blumenthal DYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaNo voteYeaYea2310
    Connecticut Chris Murphy DYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaNo voteYeaYea2310
    Delaware Tom Carper DYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaNo voteYeaYea2310
    Delaware Chris Coons DYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaNo voteYeaYea2310
    Florida Marco Rubio RNo voteNayYeaNayNayNo voteNayNay8313
    Florida Rick Scott RNayNayYeaNayNayNo voteNayNay3120
    Georgia Jon Ossoff DYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaNo voteYeaYea2310
    Georgia Raphael Warnock DYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaNo voteYeaYea2310
    Hawaii Brian Schatz DYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaNo voteYeaYea2310
    Hawaii Mazie Hirono DNo voteNo voteNo voteNo voteYeaNo voteYeaYea1950
    Idaho Mike Crapo RNayNayYeaNayNayNo voteNayNo vote11310
    Idaho Jim Risch RNayNayYeaNayNayNo voteNayNay10113
    Illinois Dick Durbin DYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaNo voteYeaYea2310
    Illinois Tammy Duckworth DYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaNo voteNo voteYea2220
    Indiana Todd Young RNayYeaYeaNayNayNo voteNayNay1419
    Indiana Mike Braun RNayNayYeaNayNayNo voteNayNay9114
    Iowa Chuck Grassley RNayYeaYeaNayYeaNo voteYeaNay1716
    Iowa Joni Ernst RNayYeaYeaNayNayNo voteNayNay9114
    Kansas Jerry Moran RNayYeaYeaNayNayNo voteNayYea1347
    Kansas Roger Marshall RNo voteYeaYeaNayYeaNo voteNayNay8214
    Kentucky Mitch McConnell RNayYeaYeaNayNayNo voteNayNay1617
    Kentucky Rand Paul RNayYeaYeaNayNayNo voteNayNay5316
    Louisiana Bill Cassidy RNayYeaYeaNayYeaNo voteYeaYea1518
    Louisiana John Kennedy RNayNayYeaNayNayNo voteYeaNay10113
    Maine Susan Collins RYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaNo voteYeaYea2310
    Maine Angus King I-DYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaNo voteYeaYea2310
    Maryland Ben Cardin DYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaNo voteYeaYea2310
    Maryland Chris Van Hollen DYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaNo voteYeaYea2310
    Massachusetts Elizabeth Warren DYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaNo voteYeaYea2310
    Massachusetts Ed Markey DYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaNo voteYeaYea2310
    Michigan Debbie Stabenow DYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaNo voteYeaYea2310
    Michigan Gary Peters DYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaNo voteYeaYea2310
    Minnesota Amy Klobuchar DYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaNo voteYeaYea2310
    Minnesota Tina Smith DYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaNo voteYeaYea2310
    Mississippi Roger Wicker RNayYeaYeaNayNayNo voteYeaNay1419
    Mississippi Cindy Hyde-Smith RNayYeaYeaNayNayNo voteYeaNay1329
    Missouri Roy Blunt RNayYeaYeaNayYeaNo voteYeaYea1725
    Missouri Josh Hawley RNayNayYeaNayNayNo voteNayNay2121
    Montana Jon Tester DYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaNo voteYeaYea2310
    Montana Steve Daines RNayNayYeaNayNayNo voteNayNay10113
    Nebraska Deb Fischer RNayYeaYeaNayYeaNo voteNayNay1518
    Nebraska Ben Sasse RNayNayYeaNayNayNo voteNayNay9114
    Nevada Catherine Cortez Masto DYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaNo voteYeaYea2310
    Nevada Jacky Rosen DYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaNo voteYeaYea2310
    New Hampshire Jeanne Shaheen DYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaNo voteNo voteYea2130
    New Hampshire Maggie Hassan DYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaNo voteYeaYea2310
    New Jersey Bob Menendez DYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaNo voteYeaYea2310
    New Jersey Cory Booker DYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaNo voteYeaYea2310
    New Mexico Martin Heinrich DYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaNo voteYeaNo vote2220
    New Mexico Ben Ray Luján DYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaNo voteYeaYea2310
    New York Chuck Schumer DYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaNo voteYeaYea2310
    New York Kirsten Gillibrand DYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaNo voteYeaYea2310
    North Carolina Richard Burr RNayYeaYeaNayYeaNo voteYeaYea1734
    North Carolina Thom Tillis RNayYeaYeaNayYeaNo voteNayYea1536
    North Dakota John Hoeven RNayYeaYeaNayYeaNo voteYeaNay12111
    North Dakota Kevin Cramer RNayYeaYeaNayYeaNo voteYeaNay13110
    Ohio Sherrod Brown DYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaNo voteYeaYea2220
    Ohio Rob Portman RNayYeaYeaNayYeaNo voteNayYea2013
    Oklahoma Jim Inhofe RNayYeaYeaNayNayNo voteNayNay12210
    Oklahoma James Lankford RNayYeaYeaNayNayNo voteNayNay10113
    Oregon Ron Wyden DYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaNo voteYeaYea2310
    Oregon Jeff Merkley DYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaNo voteYeaYea2310
    Pennsylvania Bob Casey Jr. DYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaNo voteYeaYea2310
    Pennsylvania Pat Toomey RNo voteYeaYeaNayNo voteNo voteNayNay879
    Rhode Island Jack Reed DYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaNo voteYeaYea2310
    Rhode Island Sheldon Whitehouse DYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaNo voteYeaYea2220
    South Carolina Lindsey Graham RYeaYeaYeaNayYeaNo voteYeaNay1815
    South Carolina Tim Scott RNayNayYeaNayNayNo voteNayNay7215
    South Dakota John Thune RNayYeaYeaNayNayNo voteNayNay13110
    South Dakota Mike Rounds RNayYeaYeaNayNayNo voteNayYea1716
    Tennessee Marsha Blackburn RNayNayYeaNayNo voteNo voteNayNay4515
    Tennessee Bill Hagerty RNo voteNayYeaNayNayNo voteNayNay6216
    Texas John Cornyn RNayYeaYeaNayYeaNo voteNayNay1518
    Texas Ted Cruz RNayNayYeaNayNayNo voteNayNay3120
    Utah Mike Lee RNayNayYeaNayYeaNo voteNayNay9114
    Utah Mitt Romney RNayYeaYeaNayYeaNo voteNayNay1914
    Vermont Patrick Leahy DYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaNo voteYeaYea2310
    Vermont Bernie Sanders I-DYeaYeaNo voteYeaYeaNo voteYeaYea2121
    Virginia Mark Warner DYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaNo voteYeaYea2310
    Virginia Tim Kaine DYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaNo voteYeaYea2310
    Washington Patty Murray DYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaNo voteYeaNo vote2220
    Washington Maria Cantwell DYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaNo voteYeaYea2310
    West Virginia Joe Manchin DYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaNo voteYeaNay2211
    West Virginia Shelley Moore Capito RNayYeaYeaNayYeaNo voteNayNay1626
    Wisconsin Ron Johnson RNayYeaYeaNayNayNo voteNayNay1518
    Wisconsin Tammy Baldwin DYeaYeaYeaYeaYeaNo voteYeaNo vote2220
    Wyoming John Barrasso RNo voteYeaYeaNayNayNo voteNayNay7314
    Wyoming Cynthia Lummis RNo voteNo voteYeaNayNayNo voteNayYea10311

    Affiliation: D denotes Democratic, R denotes Republican, and I-D denotes an independent who caucuses with Democrats.

    Committee process

    OfficeNomineeStateAnnouncedCommitteeHearing date(s)Committee vote resultCommittee vote dateCloture vote resultCloture vote dateFloor vote resultFloor vote dateAssumed office
    Secretary of State Antony Blinken NY November 23, 2020 Foreign Relations January 19, 202115–3January 25, 2021N/AN/A78–22January 26, 2021January 26, 2021
    Secretary of the Treasury Janet Yellen CA November 30, 2020 Finance January 19, 2021UnanimousJanuary 22, 2021N/AN/A84–15January 25, 2021January 26, 2021
    Secretary of Defense Lloyd Austin GA December 8, 2020 Armed Services (House)
    Waiver
    January 21, 2021UnanimousJanuary 21, 2021N/AN/A326–78January 21, 2021January 22, 2021
    Armed Services (Senate)
    Waiver
    January 21, 2021UnanimousJanuary 21, 202169–27January 21, 2021 [a]
    Armed Services
    Confirmation
    January 19, 2021UnanimousJanuary 21, 202193–2January 22, 2021
    Attorney General Merrick Garland MD January 7, 2021 Judiciary February 22, 2021
    February 23, 2021
    15–7March 1, 202170–29March 9, 202170–30March 10, 2021March 11, 2021
    Secretary of the Interior Deb Haaland NM December 17, 2020 Energy and Natural Resources February 23, 202111–9March 4, 202154–42March 11, 202151–40March 15, 2021March 16, 2021
    Secretary of Agriculture Tom Vilsack IA December 10, 2020 Agriculture, Nutrition and Forestry February 2, 2021UnanimousFebruary 2, 2021N/AN/A92–7February 23, 2021February 24, 2021
    Secretary of Commerce Gina Raimondo RI January 7, 2021 Commerce, Science and Transportation January 26, 202121–3February 3, 202184–15March 1, 202184–15March 2, 2021March 3, 2021
    Secretary of Labor Marty Walsh MA January 7, 2021 Health, Education, Labor and Pensions February 4, 202118–4February 11, 202168–30March 18, 202168–29March 22, 2021March 23, 2021
    Julie Su CA February 28, 2023 Health, Education, Labor and Pensions April 20, 202311–10April 26, 2023N/AN/AExpiredN/ATBD
    N/A11–10February 27, 2024TBDTBDPendingTBD
    Secretary of Health and Human Services Xavier Becerra CA December 7, 2020 Health, Education, Labor and Pensions February 23, 2021ConsultativeN/A50–49March 17, 202150–49March 18, 2021March 19, 2021
    Finance February 24, 202114–14 [b] March 3, 2021
    Secretary of Housing and Urban Development Marcia Fudge OH December 10, 2020 Banking, Housing and Urban Affairs January 28, 202117–7February 4, 202169–30March 9, 202166–34March 10, 2021March 10, 2021
    TBDTBDTBD Banking, Housing and Urban Affairs TBDPendingTBDTBDTBDPendingTBDTBD
    Secretary of Transportation Pete Buttigieg IN December 15, 2020 Commerce, Science and Transportation January 21, 202121–3January 27, 2021N/AN/A86–13February 2, 2021February 3, 2021
    Secretary of Energy Jennifer Granholm MI December 17, 2020 Energy and Natural Resources January 27, 202113–4February 3, 202167–32February 24, 202164–35February 25, 2021February 25, 2021
    Secretary of Education Miguel Cardona CT December 22, 2020 Health, Education, Labor and Pensions February 3, 202117–5February 11, 202166–32February 25, 202164–33March 1, 2021March 2, 2021
    Secretary of Veterans Affairs Denis McDonough MD December 10, 2020 Veterans' Affairs January 27, 2021UnanimousFebruary 2, 2021N/AN/A87–7February 8, 2021February 9, 2021
    Secretary of Homeland Security Alejandro Mayorkas DC November 23, 2020 Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs January 19, 20217–4January 26, 202155–42January 28, 202156–43February 2, 2021February 2, 2021
    Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency Michael Regan NC December 17, 2020 Environment and Public Works February 3, 202114–6February 9, 202165–35March 10, 202166–34March 10, 2021March 11, 2021
    Director of the Office of Management and Budget Neera Tanden MA November 30, 2020 Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs February 9, 2021Withdrawal announced March 2, 2021, officially submitted on March 25, 2021 [c]
    Budget February 10, 2021
    Shalanda Young LA November 24, 2021 Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs February 1, 20228–6February 9, 202253–31March 14, 202261–36March 15, 2022March 17, 2022
    Budget February 1, 202215–6February 9, 2022
    Director of National Intelligence Avril Haines NY November 23, 2020 Intelligence January 19, 2021UnanimousJanuary 20, 2021N/AN/A84–10January 20, 2021January 21, 2021
    Trade Representative Katherine Tai DC December 10, 2020 Finance February 25, 2021UnanimousMarch 3, 202198–0March 16, 202198–0March 17, 2021March 18, 2021
    Ambassador to the United Nations Linda Thomas-
    Greenfield
    LA November 23, 2020 Foreign Relations January 27, 202118–4February 4, 202175–20February 22, 202178–20February 23, 2021February 25, 2021
    Chair of the Council of Economic Advisers Cecilia Rouse NJ November 30, 2020 Banking, Housing and Urban Affairs January 28, 2021UnanimousFebruary 4, 202194–5March 2, 202195–4March 2, 2021March 12, 2021
    Jared Bernstein VA February 14, 2023 Banking, Housing and Urban Affairs April 18, 202312–11May 11, 202350–49June 13, 202350–49June 13, 2023July 10, 2023
    Administrator of the Small Business Administration Isabel Guzman CA January 7, 2021 Small Business and Entrepreneurship February 3, 202115–5February 24, 202180–18March 16, 202181–17March 16, 2021March 17, 2021
    Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy Eric Lander MA January 15, 2021 Commerce, Science and Transportation April 29, 202122–6May 20, 2021N/AN/AUnanimousMay 28, 2021June 2, 2021
    Arati Prabhakar CA June 21, 2022July 20, 202215–13July 27, 202258–38September 21, 202256–40September 22, 2022October 3, 2022
    Director of the Central Intelligence Agency William Burns [d] MD January 11, 2021 Intelligence February 24, 2021UnanimousMarch 2, 2021N/AN/AUnanimousMarch 18, 2021March 19, 2021

    Notes

    1. After final passage, Austin's waiver to serve as Secretary of Defense was signed into law by President Biden on January 22, 2021.
    2. Due to the tied vote in committee, a discharge petition was required to bring Becerra's nomination to the floor, which passed 51–48 on March 11, 2021.
    3. Committee votes scheduled for February 24, 2021, were cancelled that day, prior to withdrawal.
    4. Burns was elevated to the Cabinet on July 21, 2023. [10]

    Elected officials

    President

    Biden defeated the incumbent president, Donald Trump, in the 2020 presidential election, receiving 306 electoral votes compared to Trump's 232 electoral votes. The formal certification of the results took place on January 6, 2021. He assumed office on January 20, 2021.

    President of the United States
    PortraitNameDate of birthStateBackgroundReference
    Joe Biden presidential portrait (cropped).jpg Joe Biden November 20, 1942
    (age 81)
    Flag of Delaware.svg  Delaware [11]

    Vice President

    The vice president is the only cabinet member to be elected to the position who does not require Senate confirmation, and the vice president does not serve at the pleasure of the president. There were dozens of potential running mates for Biden who received media speculation. Biden's eventual pick of Senator Kamala Harris of California was officially announced on August 11, 2020, and confirmed by acclamation via parliamentary procedure amongst delegates to the 2020 Democratic National Convention on August 19, 2020.

    Senator Kamala Harris (D-CA) was elected vice president of the United States, receiving 306 electoral votes, compared to the incumbent vice president, Mike Pence, who received 232 electoral votes. The formal certification of the results took place on January 6, 2021. She assumed office on January 20, 2021.

    She is the first female vice president of the United States as well as the first African American and Asian American to hold the second-highest office.

    Vice President of the United States
    PortraitNameDate of birthStateBackgroundReference
    Kamala Harris Vice Presidential Portrait (cropped).jpg Kamala Harris October 20, 1964
    (age 60)
    Flag of California.svg  California [12]

    Nominated candidates for Cabinet positions

    The following cabinet positions are listed in order of their creation (also used as the basis for the United States presidential line of succession).

    Secretary of State

    A nomination for Secretary of State is reviewed during hearings held by the members of the Foreign Relations Committee, then presented to the full Senate for a vote.

    Secretary of State
    PortraitNameDate of birthStateBackgroundReference
    Secretary Blinken's Official Department Photo (cropped).jpg Antony Blinken April 16, 1962
    (age 62)
    Flag of New York.svg  New York [14]

    Secretary of the Treasury

    A nomination for Secretary of the Treasury is reviewed during hearings held by the members of the Finance Committee, then presented to the full Senate for a vote.

    Secretary of the Treasury
    PortraitNameDate of birthStateBackgroundReference
    Secretary Janet Yellen portrait (cropped).jpg Janet Yellen August 13, 1946
    (age 78)
    Flag of California.svg  California [16]

    Secretary of Defense

    A nomination for Secretary of Defense is reviewed during hearings held by the members of the Armed Services Committee, then presented to the full Senate for a vote. Biden's announced nominee, retired Gen. Lloyd Austin, required a congressional waiver to be granted under the National Security Act of 1947 before he was confirmed. [17]

    Waiver process:

    Confirmation process:

    Secretary of Defense
    PortraitNameDate of birthStateBackgroundReference
    Secretary of Defense Lloyd Austin, official portrait, 2023 (cropped).jpg Lloyd Austin August 8, 1953
    (age 71)
    Flag of Georgia (U.S. state).svg Georgia [20]

    Attorney General

    A nomination for Attorney General is reviewed during hearings held by the members of the Judiciary Committee, then presented to the full Senate for a vote.

    Attorney General
    PortraitNameDate of birthStateBackgroundReference
    Attorney General Merrick Garland (cropped).jpg Merrick Garland November 13, 1952
    (age 72)
    Flag of Maryland.svg  Maryland [22]

    Secretary of the Interior

    A nomination for Secretary of the Interior is reviewed during hearings held by the members of the Energy and Natural Resources Committee, then presented to the full Senate for a vote. Biden reportedly offered the position to Governor Michelle Lujan Grisham of New Mexico, but she turned it down. [23]

    Secretary of the Interior
    PortraitNameDate of birthStateBackgroundReference
    Secretary Deb Haaland, official headshot.jpg Deb Haaland December 2, 1960
    (age 63)
    Flag of New Mexico.svg  New Mexico [25]

    Secretary of Agriculture

    A nomination for Secretary of Agriculture is reviewed during hearings held by the members of the Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry Committee, then presented to the full Senate for a vote.

    Secretary of Agriculture
    PortraitNameDate of birthStateBackgroundReference
    20210427-OSEC-TEW-001 Agriculture Secretary Tom Vilsack (51148817903) (cropped).jpg Tom Vilsack December 13, 1950
    (age 73)
    Flag of Iowa.svg  Iowa [27]

    Secretary of Commerce

    A nomination for Secretary of Commerce is reviewed during hearings held by the members of the Commerce, Science, and Transportation Committee, then presented to the full Senate for a vote.

    Secretary of Commerce
    PortraitNameDate of birthStateBackgroundReference
    Gina Raimondo (cropped 2).jpg Gina Raimondo May 17, 1971
    (age 53)
    Flag of Rhode Island.svg  Rhode Island [29]

    Secretary of Labor

    A nomination for Secretary of Labor is reviewed during hearings held by the members of the Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions Committee, then presented to the full Senate for a vote.

    Marty Walsh

    Secretary of Labor
    PortraitNameDate of birthStateBackgroundReference
    Secretary Marty Walsh (cropped).jpg Marty Walsh April 10, 1967
    (age 57)
    Flag of Massachusetts.svg  Massachusetts [31]

    Julie Su

    On February 7, 2023, it was reported that Walsh would be resigning in the coming days in order to become President of the National Hockey League Players' Association. Walsh will be the second member of the presidential cabinet to resign, after Eric Lander, who resigned as Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy in early 2022. After pressure from the Congressional Asian Pacific American Caucus, Biden nominated Deputy Secretary Julie Su to the position. [32]

    Secretary of Labor
    PortraitNameDate of birthStateBackgroundReference
    Julie Su Portrait.jpg Julie Su February 19, 1969 (age 55)Flag of California.svg  California [34]

    Secretary of Health and Human Services

    Although historically the nominee also holds meetings with the Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions Committee, officially a nomination for Secretary of Health and Human Services is reviewed during hearings held by the members of the United States Senate Committee on Finance, then presented to the full Senate for a vote.

    Secretary of Health and Human Services
    PortraitNameDate of birthStateBackgroundReference
    HHS Xavier Becerra (cropped).jpg Xavier Becerra January 26, 1958
    (age 66)
    Flag of California.svg  California [14]

    Secretary of Housing and Urban Development

    A nomination for Secretary of Housing and Urban Development is reviewed during hearings held by the members of the Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs Committee, then presented to the full Senate for a vote.

    Secretary of Housing and Urban Development
    PortraitNameDate of birthStateBackgroundReference
    Secretary Fudge official photo (cropped).png Marcia Fudge October 29, 1952
    (age 72)
    Flag of Ohio.svg  Ohio [38]

    Secretary of Transportation

    A nomination for Secretary of Transportation is reviewed during hearings held by the members of the Commerce, Science, and Transportation Committee, then presented to the full Senate for a vote.

    Secretary of Transportation
    PortraitNameDate of birthStateBackgroundReference
    Pete Buttigieg, Secretary of Transportation (cropped).jpg Pete Buttigieg January 19, 1982
    (age 42)
    Flag of Indiana.svg  Indiana [41]

    Secretary of Energy

    The nomination of a secretary-designate is reviewed during hearings held by the members of the Energy and Natural Resources Committee, then presented to the full Senate for a vote.

    Secretary of Energy
    PortraitNameDate of birthStateBackgroundReference
    Secretary Jennifer Granholm (cropped).jpg Jennifer Granholm February 5, 1959
    (age 65)
    Flag of Michigan.svg  Michigan [43]

    Secretary of Education

    A nomination for Secretary of Education is reviewed during hearings held by the members of the Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions Committee, then presented to the full Senate for a vote.

    Secretary of Education
    PortraitNameDate of birthStateBackgroundReference
    Secretary of Education Miguel Cardona, official portrait (cropped).jpg Miguel Cardona July 11, 1975
    (age 49)
    Flag of Connecticut.svg  Connecticut [45]

    Secretary of Veterans Affairs

    A nomination for Secretary of Veterans Affairs is reviewed during hearings held by the members of the Veterans' Affairs Committee, then presented to the full Senate for a vote.

    Secretary of Veterans Affairs
    PortraitNameDate of birthStateBackgroundReference
    Secretary McDonough, official photo (cropped).jpg Denis McDonough December 2, 1969
    (age 54)
    Flag of Maryland.svg  Maryland [47]

    Secretary of Homeland Security

    A nomination for Secretary of Homeland Security is reviewed during hearings held by the members of the Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs Committee, then presented to the full Senate for a vote.

    Secretary of Homeland Security
    PortraitNameDate of birthStateBackgroundReference
    Secretary Mayorkas Official Photo (cropped).jpg Alejandro Mayorkas November 24, 1959
    (age 64)
    Flag of Washington, D.C.svg  District of Columbia [14]

    Nominated candidates for Cabinet-level positions

    Cabinet-level officials have positions that are considered to be of Cabinet level, but which are not heads of the executive departments. Which exact positions that are considered to be cabinet-level varies with each president. Biden has announced he will elevate three positions to Cabinet-level, while removing the director of the Central Intelligence Agency. [49]

    Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency

    Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency
    PortraitNameDate of birthStateBackgroundReference
    Michael S. Regan official photo (cropped).jpg Michael S. Regan August 6, 1976
    (age 48)
    Flag of North Carolina.svg  North Carolina [51]

    Director of the Office of Management and Budget

    Neera Tanden

    Director of the Office of Management and Budget
    PortraitNameDate of birthStateBackgroundReference
    Neera Tanden (47740355751) (cropped).jpg Neera Tanden September 10, 1970
    (age 54)
    Flag of Massachusetts.svg  Massachusetts [14]

    Shalanda Young

    Director of the Office of Management and Budget
    PortraitNameDate of birthStateBackgroundReference
    Shalanda Young, OMB Deputy Director.jpg Shalanda Young August 29, 1977
    (age 47)
    Flag of Louisiana.svg  Louisiana [14]

    Director of National Intelligence

    Director of National Intelligence
    PortraitNameDate of birthStateBackgroundReference
    Avril-Haines (cropped).jpg Avril Haines August 27, 1969
    (age 55)
    Flag of New York.svg  New York [14]

    Trade Representative

    The U.S. trade representative has been a Cabinet-level member since 1974, the beginning of Gerald Ford's presidency.

    U.S. Trade Representative
    PortraitNameDate of birthStateBackgroundReference
    Katherine Tai, official portrait.jpg Katherine Tai March 18, 1974 (age 50)Flag of Washington, D.C.svg  District of Columbia [14]

    Ambassador to the United Nations

    The UN ambassador was previously in the Cabinet from 1953 to 1989, 1993 to 2001, and 2009 to 2018.

    U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations
    PortraitNameDate of birthStateBackgroundReference
    Linda-Thomas-Greenfield-v1-8x10-1.jpg Linda Thomas-Greenfield November 22, 1952
    (age 71)
    Flag of Louisiana.svg  Louisiana [14] [58]

    Chair of the Council of Economic Advisers

    This position was previously in the Cabinet from 2009 to 2017.

    Cecilia Rouse

    Chair of the Council of Economic Advisers
    PortraitNameDate of birthStateBackgroundReference
    Cecilia Rouse, CEA Chair.png Cecilia Rouse December 18, 1963
    (age 60)
    Flag of New Jersey.svg  New Jersey [14]

    Jared Bernstein

    Chair of the Council of Economic Advisers
    PortraitNameDate of birthStateBackgroundReference
    Jared Bernstein, CEA Member.png Jared Bernstein 1955
    (age 68–69)
    Flag of Virginia.svg  Virginia [61] [62]

    Administrator of the Small Business Administration

    Administrator of the Small Business Administration
    PortraitNameDate of birthStateBackgroundReference
    Isabella Casillas Guzman, SBA Administrator.png Isabel Guzman 1971
    (age 52–53)
    Flag of California.svg  California [64] [65]

    Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy and Science Advisor to the President

    Biden elevated this position to the Cabinet for the first time, emphasizing the importance of science in the administration. [66]

    His staff role as Science Advisor to the President does not require Senate confirmation, and he began the role on January 25, 2021. [67]

    Eric Lander

    Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy
    PortraitNameDate of birthStateBackgroundReference
    Jobs-lander.jpg Eric Lander February 3, 1957
    (age 67)
    Flag of Massachusetts.svg  Massachusetts [66] [70]

    Arati Prabhakar

    Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy
    PortraitNameDate of birthStateBackgroundReference
    Arati Prabhakar by christopher michel 5-9-23.jpg Arati Prabhakar February 2, 1959
    (age 65)
    Flag of California.svg  California

    Director of the Central Intelligence Agency

    This position was previously in the Cabinet from 2017 to 2021.

    Director of the Central Intelligence Agency
    PortraitNameDate of birthStateBackgroundReference
    CIA Director Burns.jpg William Burns April 4, 1956
    (age 68)
    Flag of North Carolina.svg  North Carolina [73] [5]

    White House Chief of Staff

    The White House chief of staff has traditionally been the highest-ranking staff employee of the White House. The responsibilities of the chief of staff are both managerial and advisory over the president's official business. The chief of staff is appointed by and serves at the pleasure of the president; it does not require Senate confirmation. The first Cabinet or Cabinet-level position appointee announced by Biden was White House chief of staff Ron Klain. [74] He stepped down in February 2023, and he was succeeded by Jeff Zients. [75] [76] [77]

    White House Chief of Staff
    PortraitNameDate of birthStateYearsBackgroundReference
    Ron Klain, White House Chief of Staff.jpg Ron Klain August 8, 1961
    (age 63)
    Flag of Indiana.svg  Indiana January 20, 2021 –
    February 7, 2023
    [14]
    Jeff Zients, WHCOS (cropped).jpg Jeff Zients November 12, 1966
    (age 58)
    Flag of Washington, D.C.svg  District of Columbia February 8, 2023 -
    Present

    See also

    Notes

    1. Biden held the chairmanship from January 3 to January 20, then was succeeded by Jesse Helms until June 6, and thereafter held the position until 2003.

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      3. Falk, Pamela (November 20, 2020). "Will Biden tap a U.N. ambassador to "reclaim America's leading position"?". CBS News.
      4. Lee, Matthew (January 11, 2021). "Biden chooses veteran diplomat Burns as CIA director". Associated Press.
      5. 1 2 Merchant, Normaan (July 21, 2023). "Biden names CIA Director William Burns to his Cabinet". The Washington Post . Retrieved July 21, 2023.
      6. Jaffe, Alexandra (March 2, 2021). "Biden's Cabinet half-empty after slow start in confirmations". Associated Press . Retrieved March 2, 2021.
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      11. "Joe Biden: The President-Elect". President-Elect Joe Biden. Retrieved December 19, 2020.
      12. "Kamala Harris: The Vice President-Elect". President-Elect Joe Biden. Retrieved December 19, 2020.
      13. PN78-3 – Antony John Blinken – Department of State
      14. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 "The Cabinet". President-Elect Joe Biden. Archived from the original on March 19, 2021. Retrieved November 23, 2020.
      15. PN78-24 – Janet Louise Yellen – Department of the Treasury
      16. Franck, Thomas (November 30, 2020). "Biden announces economic team, confirms Janet Yellen as Treasury nominee". CNBC. Retrieved November 30, 2020.
      17. Foran, Clare (January 22, 2021). "Senate confirms Lloyd Austin to be first Black defense secretary". CNN. Retrieved January 22, 2021.
      18. H.R.335 – To provide for an exception to a limitation against appointment of persons as Secretary of Defense within seven years of relief from active duty as a regular commissioned officer of the Armed Forces.
      19. PN78-1 – Lloyd James Austin – Department of Defense
      20. Seligman, Lara; Pager, Tyler; O'Brien, Connor; Bertrand, Natasha (December 7, 2020). "Biden picks retired general Lloyd Austin to run Pentagon". POLITICO . Archived from the original on December 8, 2020. Retrieved December 8, 2020.
      21. PN78-7 – Merrick Brian Garland – Department of Justice
      22. "Biden to name Judge Merrick Garland as attorney general". AP NEWS. January 6, 2021. Retrieved January 7, 2021.
      23. Alonso-zaldivar, Ricardo (December 4, 2020). "Sources: Lujan Grisham offered, turned down Interior post". Albuquerque Journal. Retrieved December 9, 2020.
      24. PN78-11 – Debra Anne Haaland – Department of the Interior
      25. Eilperin, Juliet; Grandoni, Dino. "Biden picks Rep. Deb Haaland (D-N.M.) to be first Native American interior secretary". Washington Post. ISSN   0190-8286 . Retrieved December 17, 2020.
      26. PN78-22 – Thomas J. Vilsack – Department of Agriculture
      27. Nichols, Hans (December 8, 2020). "Biden to pick Vilsack for agriculture secretary, Fudge for HUD". Axios. Retrieved December 8, 2020.
      28. PN78-15 – Gina Marie Raimondo – Department of Commerce
      29. "Biden to nominate Rhode Island Governor Gina Raimondo to be commerce secretary". www.cbsnews.com. January 7, 2021. Retrieved January 7, 2021.
      30. PN78-23 – Martin Joseph Walsh – Department of Labor
      31. Conradis, Brandon (January 7, 2021). "Biden taps Boston Mayor Marty Walsh for Labor secretary: report". TheHill. Retrieved January 7, 2021.
      32. "CAPAC Endorses Julie Su as the Nation's Next Secretary of Labor | Congressional Asian Pacific American Caucus (CAPAC)". capac-chu.house.gov. Retrieved March 4, 2023.
      33. PN388 — Julie A. Su — Department of Labor
      34. Scheiber, Noam (February 28, 2023). "Biden Nominates Julie Su as U.S. Labor Secretary". The New York Times. ISSN   0362-4331 . Retrieved March 4, 2023.
      35. Cole, Devan (February 16, 2021). "Senate committee to hold confirmation hearing for Biden's HHS nominee next week". CNN . Retrieved February 17, 2021.
      36. PN78-2 – Xavier Becerra – Department of Health and Human Services
      37. PN78-6 – Marcia Louise Fudge – Department of Housing and Urban Development
      38. "Biden to tap Marcia Fudge to lead housing agency". POLITICO. December 8, 2020. Retrieved December 8, 2020.
      39. PN78-4 – Peter Paul Montgomery Buttigieg – Department of Transportation
      40. Easley, Jonathan (May 5, 2019). "Documents provide glimpse into Buttigieg's military service". TheHill. Retrieved December 15, 2020.
      41. Nick Niedzwiadek (December 16, 2020). "Biden points to 'precedent-busting appointments' as he rolls out Buttigieg pick". Politico . Retrieved December 16, 2020.
      42. PN78-8 – Jennifer Mulhern Granholm – Department of Energy
      43. "Biden to tap former Michigan Gov. Granholm to lead Energy Department". POLITICO. December 15, 2020. Retrieved December 15, 2020.
      44. PN78-5 – Miguel A. Cardona – Department of Education
      45. Meckler, Laura; Strauss, Valerie; Viser, Matt (December 22, 2020). "Biden picks Miguel Cardona, Connecticut schools chief, as education secretary". The Washington Post . Retrieved December 23, 2020.
      46. PN78-14 – Denis Richard McDonough – Department of Veterans Affairs
      47. "Denis McDonough, Secretary of Veterans Affairs". President-Elect Joe Biden. Retrieved December 19, 2020.
      48. PN78-13 – Alejandro Nicholas Mayorkas – Department of Homeland Security
      49. "Biden taps longtime diplomat William Burns for CIA director". www.cbsnews.com. January 11, 2021. Retrieved January 17, 2021.
      50. PN78-16 – Michael Stanley Regan – Environmental Protection Agency
      51. Dennis, Brady; Mufson, Steven; Eilperin, Juliet. "Biden picks top North Carolina environmental official to run EPA". Washington Post. ISSN   0190-8286 . Retrieved December 17, 2020.
      52. PN78-19 – Neera Tanden – Executive Office of the President
      53. Mattingly, Phil; Sullivan, Kate (March 2, 2021). "White House pulls Tanden nomination". CNN . Archived from the original on March 3, 2021. Retrieved March 3, 2021.
      54. PN1437 – Shalanda Young – Executive Office of the President
      55. PN78-10 – Avril Danica Haines – Office of the Director of National Intelligence
      56. PN78-18 – Katherine C. Tai – Executive Office of the President
      57. PN78-20 – Linda Thomas-Greenfield – Department of State
      58. Jakes, Lara; Crowley, Michael; Sanger, David E. (November 23, 2020). "Biden Chooses Antony Blinken, Defender of Global Alliances, as Secretary of State". The New York Times. Retrieved January 6, 2021.
      59. PN78-17 – Cecilia Elena Rouse – Executive Office of the President
      60. PN383 — Jared Bernstein — Executive Office of the President
      61. "Biden announces reshaped economic team, naming 2 new top advisers". CBS News. February 14, 2023. Retrieved February 14, 2023.
      62. "Biden appoints Lael Brainard, Jared Bernstein to key economic jobs". Axios. Retrieved February 14, 2023.
      63. PN78-9 – Isabella Casillas Guzman – Small Business Administration
      64. Collins, Andrew Restuccia and Eliza (January 8, 2021). "Biden Taps Boston Mayor, Rhode Island Governor for Cabinet Positions". Wall Street Journal. ISSN   0099-9660 . Retrieved January 8, 2021.
      65. "Isabel Guzman, Small Business Administrator". President-Elect Joe Biden. Retrieved January 8, 2021.
      66. 1 2 Kaplan, Sarah. "Biden will elevate White House science office to cabinet-level". Washington Post. ISSN   0190-8286 . Retrieved January 15, 2021.
      67. Facher, Lev (February 1, 2021). "Eric Lander Is Brilliant, Connected, and Controversial. Now Joe Biden Wants Him to 'Reinvigorate' American Science". Stat . Retrieved February 2, 2021.
      68. PN78-12 – Eric S. Lander – Executive Office of the President
      69. Sink, Justin. "Embattled Biden Science Adviser Eric Lander Resigns after Outcry". Bloomberg News. Archived from the original on February 8, 2022. Retrieved February 7, 2022.
      70. "President-elect Biden Announces Key Members of his White House Science Team". President-Elect Joe Biden. January 15, 2021. Retrieved January 15, 2021.
      71. PN2267 — Arati Prabhakar — Executive Office of the President
      72. PN82 — William Joseph Burns — Central Intelligence Agency
      73. "Statement from President Joe Biden on Director Bill Burns". The White House. July 21, 2023. Retrieved July 22, 2023.
      74. Schrer, Michael (November 11, 2020). "Biden's choice of Ron Klain to run White House signals rejection of Trump-era chaos". The Washington Post . Archived from the original on November 12, 2020. Retrieved November 11, 2020.
      75. Tyler Pager; Yasmeen Abutaleb (January 22, 2023). "Jeff Zients to be Biden's next chief of staff". Washington Post. Retrieved January 22, 2023.
      76. Phil Mattingly; Kaitlan Collins (January 22, 2023). "Jeff Zients to replace Ron Klain as White House chief of staff". CNN. Retrieved January 22, 2023.
      77. Anders Hagstrom; Brooke Singman; Greg Wehner (January 22, 2023). "Biden to tap former COVID czar Jeff Zients as new chief of staff". Fox News. Retrieved January 22, 2023.