2021 United States federal budget

Last updated

2021 (2021) Budget of the United States federal government
Submitted by Donald Trump
Submitted to 116th Congress
Total revenue$4.046 trillion (actual) [1]
18.1% of GDP [1]
Total expenditures$6.818 trillion (actual) [1]
30.5% of GDP [1]
Deficit $2.772 trillion (actual) [1]
12.4% of GDP [1]
Website BUDGET OF THE U.S. GOVERNMENT
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Federal Revenue and Spending

The United States federal budget for fiscal year 2021 ran from October 1, 2020 to September 30, 2021. The government was initially funded through a series of five temporary continuing resolutions. The final funding package was passed as a consolidated spending bill on December 27, 2020, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021. The American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 was passed as the budget reconciliation bill for FY2021.

Contents

Budget proposal

The FY2021 budget is subject to the spending caps of the Budget Control Act of 2011, as modified by the Bipartisan Budget Act of 2019.

The Trump administration budget proposal was released in February 2020. [2] [3] [4] [5] [6]

Appropriations legislation

The drafting of appropriations bills was delayed due to the COVID-19 pandemic. [7] [8] The House began consideration of appropriations bills on July 6. [9] As of July 22, the House had completed markup of all 12 bills, while the Senate had yet to begin. [10] The House passed the first consolidated appropriations bill (H.R. 7608) containing four of the 12 bills on July 24. [11] The House passed the second consolidated appropriations bill (H.R. 7617) containing an additional six bills on July 31. The remaining two bills for Homeland Security and the Legislative Branch were not expected to be voted upon soon after. [12]

A continuing resolution lasting until December 11, 2020 was passed by the House on September 29, and by the Senate on September 30. However, the bill was not signed by President Trump until shortly after the midnight deadline, as he was returning from a campaign rally in Duluth, Minnesota late at night, causing a short funding gap of less than an hour. [13] [14] [15]

The Senate released drafts of its appropriations legislation on November 10, 2020, starting the legislative process in that house and allowing negotiations to begin. [16] [17] [18]

A series of four short-term continuing resolutions were passed during the final stages of negotiation on an omnibus appropriations bill which included supplementary relief funding for the COVID-19 pandemic. The first extended funding for one week through December 18, 2020, [19] the second extended it by another two days through December 20, [20] a third by one day through December 21, [21] and a final one by seven days until December 28. [22] The final bill is the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021.

Reconciliation legislation

A budget resolution for the 2021 fiscal year began to be considered by the 117th United States Congress in February 2021. As appropriations for the fiscal year had already been approved, the budget resolution's main purpose was to begin the budget reconciliation process to allow a COVID-19 pandemic relief bill to be passed without the possibility of being blocked by a filibuster. [23] [24] The American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 was signed on March 11, 2021.

Related Research Articles

The United States budget process is the framework used by Congress and the President of the United States to formulate and create the United States federal budget. The process was established by the Budget and Accounting Act of 1921, the Congressional Budget and Impoundment Control Act of 1974, and additional budget legislation.

An omnibus spending bill is a type of bill in the United States that packages many of the smaller ordinary appropriations bills into one larger single bill that can be passed with only one vote in each house of Congress. There are twelve different ordinary appropriations bills that need to be passed each year to fund the federal government and avoid a government shutdown. An omnibus spending bill combines two or more of those bills into a single bill.

In the United States, a continuing resolution is a type of appropriations legislation. An appropriations bill is a bill that appropriates money to specific federal government departments, agencies, and programs. The money provides funding for operations, personnel, equipment, and activities. Regular appropriations bills are passed annually, with the funding they provide covering one fiscal year. The fiscal year is the accounting period of the federal government, which runs from October 1 to September 30 of the following year. When Congress and the president fail to agree on and pass one or more of the regular appropriations bills, a continuing resolution can be passed instead. A continuing resolution continues the pre-existing appropriations at the same levels as the previous fiscal year for a set amount of time. Continuing resolutions typically provide funding at a rate or formula based on the previous year's funding. The funding extends until a specific date or regular appropriations bills are passed, whichever comes first. There can be some changes to some of the accounts in a continuing resolution. The continuing resolution takes the form of a joint resolution, and may provide bridging funding for existing federal programs at current, reduced, or expanded levels.

In the United States, government shutdowns occur when there is a failure to enact funding legislation to finance the government for its next fiscal year or a temporary funding measure. Ever since a 1980 interpretation of the 1884 Antideficiency Act, a "lapse of appropriation" due to a political impasse on proposed appropriation bills requires that the US federal government curtail agency activities and services, close down non-essential operations, furlough non-essential workers, and only retain essential employees in departments covering the safety of human life or protection of property. Voluntary services may only be accepted when required for the safety of life or property. Shutdowns can also occur within and disrupt state, territorial, and local levels of government.

The Rohrabacher–Farr amendment is legislation first introduced by U.S. Rep. Maurice Hinchey in 2001, prohibiting the Justice Department from spending funds to interfere with the implementation of state medical cannabis laws. It passed the House in May 2014 after six previously failed attempts, becoming law in December 2014 as part of an omnibus spending bill. The passage of the amendment was the first time either chamber of Congress had voted to protect medical cannabis patients, and is viewed as a historic victory for cannabis reform advocates at the federal level. The amendment does not change the legal status of cannabis, however, and must be renewed each fiscal year in order to remain in effect.

The 2011 United States federal budget was the United States federal budget to fund government operations for the fiscal year 2011. The budget was the subject of a spending request by President Barack Obama. The actual appropriations for Fiscal Year 2011 had to be authorized by the full Congress before it could take effect, according to the U.S. budget process.

The 2012 United States federal budget was the budget to fund government operations for the fiscal year 2012, which lasted from October 1, 2011 through September 30, 2012. The original spending request was issued by President Barack Obama in February 2011. That April, the Republican-held House of Representatives announced a competing plan, The Path to Prosperity, emboldened by a major victory in the 2010 Congressional elections associated with the Tea Party movement. The budget plans were both intended to focus on deficit reduction, but differed in their changes to taxation, entitlement programs, defense spending, and research funding.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bipartisan Budget Act of 2013</span> United States Law

The Bipartisan Budget Act of 2013 is a federal statute concerning spending and the budget in the United States, that was signed into law by President Barack Obama on December 26, 2013. On December 10, 2013, pursuant to the provisions of the Continuing Appropriations Act, 2014 calling for a joint budget conference to work on possible compromises, Representative Paul Ryan and Senator Patty Murray announced a compromise that they had agreed to after extended discussions between them. The law raises the sequestration caps for fiscal years 2014 and 2015, in return for extending the imposition of the caps into 2022 and 2023, and miscellaneous savings elsewhere in the budget. Overall, the bill is projected to lower the deficit by $23 billion over the long term.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2014</span> United States bill

The Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2014 is an omnibus spending bill that packages several appropriation bills together in one larger bill. The 113th United States Congress failed to pass any of the twelve regular appropriations bills before the beginning of Fiscal Year 2014. The Continuing Appropriations Act, 2014 temporarily funded the government from October 1, 2013 to January 15, 2014. A second continuing resolution extended funding until January 18, 2014, giving both the House and the Senate enough time to vote on this bill.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Making further continuing appropriations for fiscal year 2014</span> Funding measure in the United States

The bill H.J.Res. 106 is a continuing resolution that was introduced into the United States House of Representatives during the 113th United States Congress and was signed into law on January 15, 2014 by President Barack Obama. The bill amended the Continuing Appropriations Act, 2014 to extend the time-period of funding provided by that continuing resolution from January 15, 2014 to January 18, 2014. The extension was intended to give Congress the extra time it needed to pass the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2014, which would provide the rest of the appropriations for fiscal year 2014. The fiscal year in the United States is the 12-month period beginning on October 1 and ending on September 30 of the next calendar year.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Appropriations bill (United States)</span> Bill which allocates government spending

In the United States Congress, an appropriations bill is legislation to appropriate federal funds to specific federal government departments, agencies and programs. The money provides funding for operations, personnel, equipment and activities. Regular appropriations bills are passed annually, with the funding they provide covering one fiscal year. The fiscal year is the accounting period of the federal government, which runs from October 1 to September 30 of the following year. Appropriations bills are under the jurisdiction of the United States House Committee on Appropriations and the United States Senate Committee on Appropriations. Both Committees have twelve matching subcommittees, each tasked with working on one of the twelve annual regular appropriations bills.

Every year, the United States Congress is responsible for writing, passing, reconciling, and submitting to the President of the United States a series of appropriations bills that appropriate money to specific federal government departments, agencies, and programs for their use to operate in the subsequent fiscal year. The money provides funding for operations, personnel, equipment, and activities. In 2014, Congress was responsible for passing the appropriations bills that would fund the federal government in fiscal year 2015, which runs from October 1, 2014 to September 30, 2015.

The United States Federal Budget for Fiscal Year 2016 began as a budget proposed by President Barack Obama to fund government operations for October 1, 2015 – September 30, 2016. The requested budget was submitted to the 114th Congress on February 2, 2015.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2016</span>

The Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2016, also known as the 2016 omnibus spending bill, is the United States appropriations legislation passed during the 114th Congress which provides spending permission to a number of federal agencies for the fiscal year of 2016. The bill authorizes $1.1 trillion in spending, as well as $700 billion in tax breaks. The bill provides funding to the federal government through September 30, 2016.

The 2017 United States federal budget is the United States federal budget for fiscal year 2017, which lasted from October 1, 2016 to September 30, 2017. President Barack Obama submitted a budget proposal to the 114th Congress on February 9, 2016. The 2017 fiscal year overlaps the end of the Obama administration and the beginning of the Trump administration.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Further Continuing and Security Assistance Appropriations Act, 2017</span>

The Further Continuing and Security Assistance Appropriations Act, 2017 is a continuing resolution that extended fiscal year 2017 funding for the United States federal government from December 9, 2016 until April 28, 2017. The bill contains a boost to defense spending as well as bipartisan health programs.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2018 United States federal budget</span>

The United States federal budget for fiscal year 2018, which ran from October 1, 2017, to September 30, 2018, was named America First: A Budget Blueprint to Make America Great Again. It was the first budget proposed by newly elected president Donald Trump, submitted to the 115th Congress on March 16, 2017.

The United States federal budget for fiscal year 2019 ran from October 1, 2018, to September 30, 2019. Five appropriation bills were passed in September 2018, the first time five bills had been enacted on time in 22 years, with the rest of the government being funded through a series of three continuing resolutions. A gap between the second and third of these led to the 2018–19 federal government shutdown. The remainder of government funding was enacted as an omnibus spending bill in February 2019.

The United States federal budget for fiscal year 2020 ran from October 1, 2019 to September 30, 2020. The government was initially funded through a series of two temporary continuing resolutions. The final funding package was passed as two consolidated spending bills in December 2019, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2020 and the Further Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2020. A series of supplemental appropriations bills was passed beginning in March 2020 in response to the COVID-19 pandemic.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021</span> Appropriations and pandemic relief bill

The Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021 is a $2.3 trillion spending bill that combines $900 billion in stimulus relief for the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States with a $1.4 trillion omnibus spending bill for the 2021 federal fiscal year and prevents a government shutdown. The bill is one of the largest spending measures ever enacted, surpassing the $2.2 trillion CARES Act, enacted in March 2020. The legislation is the first bill to address the pandemic since April 2020. According to the Senate Historical Office, at 5,593 pages, the legislation is the longest bill ever passed by Congress.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "JOINT STATEMENT OF JANET L. YELLEN, SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY, AND SHALANDA D. YOUNG, ACTING DIRECTOR OF THE OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT AND BUDGET, ON BUDGET RESULTS FOR FISCAL YEAR 2021". The New York Times. October 22, 2021. Retrieved November 15, 2021.
  2. ↑ "A BUDGET FOR AMERICA'S FUTURE" (PDF). www.whitehouse.gov. Office of Management and Budget. February 2020. Archived (PDF) from the original on January 20, 2021. Retrieved January 8, 2020.
  3. ↑ "Trump 2021 budget: Which department budgets would be cut". The Washington Post . Retrieved 2020-07-28.
  4. ↑ "What's in President Trump's Fiscal 2021 Budget?". The New York Times . 2020-02-10. ISSN   0362-4331. Archived from the original on 2020-12-23. Retrieved 2020-07-28.
  5. ↑ Ogrysko, Nicole (2020-02-17). "Ups, downs and other major highlights from Trump's 2021 budget request". Federal News Network . Archived from the original on 2020-09-13. Retrieved 2020-07-28.
  6. ↑ Katz, Eric. "11 Major Agency Reforms in Trump's 2021 Budget". govexec.com. Government Executive. Archived from the original on 2020-11-10. Retrieved 2020-07-28.
  7. ↑ "Redefined by COVID-19 and Shaped by Current Events: What's Ahead for US Federal Appropriations". The National Law Review. Retrieved 2020-07-24.
  8. ↑ Nam, Rafael (2020-06-17). "Fights over police reform, COVID-19 delay Senate appropriations markups". TheHill. Retrieved 2020-07-24.
  9. ↑ Nam, Rafael (2020-07-06). "Democrats take aim at Trump's policies on 2021 funding markups". TheHill. Retrieved 2020-07-24.
  10. ↑ "Rock, meet hard place: Senate appropriators' dilemma". Roll Call. Retrieved 2020-07-24.
  11. ↑ Swanson, Ian (2020-07-24). "House approves $259.5B spending package". The Hill. Retrieved 2020-07-25.
  12. ↑ Swanson, Ian (2020-07-31). "House approves $1.3 trillion spending package for 2021". TheHill. Retrieved 2020-07-31.
  13. ↑ Marcos, Cristina (2020-09-22). "House passes bill to avert shutdown". The Hill. Retrieved 2020-10-01.
  14. ↑ Emma, Caitlin (2020-09-30). "Senate passes stopgap spending measure to avert a shutdown". Politico. Retrieved 2020-10-01.
  15. ↑ Peterson, Kristina (2020-10-01). "President Trump Signs Spending Bill After Brief Lapse in Funding". The Wall Street Journal. ISSN   0099-9660 . Retrieved 2020-10-01.
  16. ↑ Shutt, Jennifer (2020-11-10). "Senate GOP lays out priorities as budget showdown looms". Roll Call. Retrieved 2020-11-12.
  17. ↑ Kheel, Rebecca (2020-11-10). "Senate panel proposes $696B Pentagon spending bill". The Hill. Retrieved 2020-11-12.
  18. ↑ Hellmann, Jessie (2020-11-10). "Senate panel recommends $96 billion for health department". The Hill. Retrieved 2020-11-12.
  19. ↑ DeBonis, Mike; Stein, Jeff; Kim, Seung Min. "Trump signs one-week spending bill to avert midnight shutdown". Washington Post. ISSN   0190-8286 . Retrieved 2020-12-21.
  20. ↑ Carney, Jordain (2020-12-18). "Congress passes bill to avert shutdown as coronavirus talks drag into weekend". TheHill. Retrieved 2020-12-21.
  21. ↑ Rahman, Rema (2020-12-20). "House adopts 1-day stopgap bill to prevent government shutdown". TheHill. Retrieved 2020-12-21.
  22. ↑ Rahman, Rema (2020-12-21). "Congress passes $2.3T coronavirus relief, government funding deal". TheHill. Retrieved 2020-12-22.
  23. ↑ Carney, Jordain (2021-02-02). "Senate Democrats take first step toward big COVID-19 bill". The Hill. Retrieved 2021-02-03.
  24. ↑ "Section-by-Section Analysis: 2021 Budget Resolution". U.S. House Budget Committee Democrats. 2021-02-01. Retrieved 2021-02-03.
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