Location and function
The region in Arad county has been inhabited with short interruptions since the Neolithic. During the first half of the 1st millennium BC, the Dacians founded their first branches on both sides of Marisus. From the 6th century BC onwards, the Scythians, among others, settled here and later merged into the Dacians. At the end of the 4th century BC Celtic tribes also began to migrate here but they were also quickly assimilated by the Dacians.
The fort, possibly occupied by an auxiliary cohort, lay east of today's village of Bata on the left bank of the Mureș. The site is also known by its field names "Cetate" (castle) or "Mănăstire" (monastery). Its garrison was responsible, among other things, for monitoring and securing the road from Micia to Partiscum, which followed the southern bank of the river in the North-West direction.
Bersobis was an ancient Dacian fortress conquered in Trajan's Dacian Wars with the Romans. It became a legionary fortress in the Roman province of Dacia in the 2nd century AD. It is located near the town of Berzovia, Romania.
Carsium was a fort in the Roman province of Moesia in the 1st century AD whose remains are still visible. It was part of the defensive frontier system of the Limes Moesiae along the Danube.
The castra of Desa was a fort in the Roman province of Dacia on the north bank of the Danube opposite Ratiaria. Erected and abandoned by the Romans in the 3rd century AD, its ruins are located in Desa (Romania).
The castra of Gherla was a fort in the Roman province of Dacia. An inscription unearthed at the site proves that the stone fortress was erected in 143 AD. In addition to the vicus at the fort, a nearby contemporary settlement and a Roman cemetery were also unearthed in Gherla (Romania). All these sites were abandoned in the 3rd century.
The castra of Gilău was a fort in the Roman province of Dacia. Traces of the castra built in the 2nd century AD can be identified at the confluence of the rivers Someșul Mic and Căpuş in the Bánffy Castle's park at Gilău (Romania). The fort and its vicus were both abandoned in the 3rd century.
The castra of Hoghiz was a fort in the Roman province of Dacia. The fort was built in the 2nd century AD, on the left bank of the Olt River, at a place where a Dacian settlement existing already in the 2nd century BC was unearthed. The fort and the nearby village were abandoned in the 3rd century AD. The ruins of the castra are located in Hoghiz, Romania.
The castra of Aradul Nou was a fort in the Roman province of Dacia, located on the western side of the defensive line of forts, limes Daciae. It is situated near Arad, Romania.
The castra of Bucium was a fort in the Roman province of Dacia in the 2nd and 3rd centuries AD. Its ruins are located in Bucium.
The castra of Cincșor was a fort in the Roman province of Dacia in the 2nd and 3rd centuries AD and part of the frontier system of the Limes Alutanus.
The castra of Drumul Carului was a fort in the Roman province of Dacia near Moieciu, Romania.
The castra of Costești was a fort in the Roman province of Dacia. Erected and abandoned by the Romans at an uncertain date, its ruins are located in Costești on a hilltop, at an altitude of 1203 meters.
The castra of Duleu - Odăi was a fort in the Roman province of Dacia. It was built in the 2nd century and abandoned in the 4th century. A contemporary necropolis was also unearthed near the fort. The ruins of the castra are located in Duleu.
Gresia Roman fort is located in the present Gresia. It was in the Roman province of Dacia and dates from the 2nd and 3rd centuries AD. It was part of the frontier system of the Limes Transalutanus.
The castra of Pietroasele was a Roman fort in Roman Dacia located in the centre of Pietroasele (Romania). It was built under Trajan after Trajan's Dacian Wars in about 106 AD but abandoned at the beginning of Hadrian's reign when Wallachia was given up to the Roxolani. It was used again at the beginning of the 3rd century in the reign of Caracalla. It was rebuilt by Constantine the Great after his victory over the Goths in 328 when Constantine created the Constantine Wall of the Dacian Limes. It was abandoned in the same century.
Although not unanimously accepted, the existence of the castra of Cristești in the Roman province of Dacia is substantiated by bricks and tiles bearing the name of a Roman military unit, the Ala I Gallorum et Bosporanorum. The lack of any other traces of the Roman fort may easily be due to its destruction by the Mureș River. At Cristeşti, a Roman settlement from the 2nd and 3rd centuries AD was unearthed which was an important center of potters.
The castra of Odorheiu Secuiesc was a fort built in the 1st century AD. A nearby contemporary settlement was also archeologically identified. The castra and the settlement were abandoned in the 3rd century. Their ruins are located in Odorheiu Secuiesc in Romania. At the same settlement, the ruins of a Roman tower can also be identified at Piatra Coţofană.
The Castra of Jac was a fort made of earth in the Roman province of Dacia. It was erected in the 2nd century AD. Not far from the fort, the remains of a previous fortification and of a Roman watchtower were unearthed. The fort and the watchtower were abandoned in the 3rd century. Traces of the castra can be identified on Citera Hill in Jac.
The castra of Bumbești-Jiu now known as Gară was a fort in the Roman province of Dacia located in Bumbești-Jiu (Romania). It replaced the nearby earlier fort of Castra of Bumbești-Jiu – Vârtop in the 2nd century AD. It defended and secured the entrance to the Jiului gorge and the Roman road from Bumbești through Porceni over the mountains, through the Vâlcan Pass to Sarmisegetuza.
The castra of Bumbești-Jiu now known as Vârtop was a fort in the Roman province of Dacia. It is located 35 m west of the Târgu Jiu - Petroșani road, in Bumbești-Jiu (Romania). It defended and secured the entrance to the Jiului gorge and the Roman road from Bumbești through Porceni over the mountains, through the Vâlcan Pass to Sarmisegetuza.
The castra of Duleu was a fort in the Roman province of Dacia. It was built in the 2nd century and abandoned in the 4th century. A contemporary necropolis was also unearthed near the fort. The ruins of the castra are located in Duleu.
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