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The real was the currency of the Federal Republic of Central America from the passing of the coinage law of 19 March 1824 to the dissolution of the republic in 1838. [2] Sixteen silver reales equaled one gold escudo, and a coin of eight reales was called a peso. The Central American Republic's real replaced the Spanish colonial real at par and continued to circulate and be issued after the constituent states left the Central American Republic. Federation coins were minted in Guatemala, Costa Rica, and Honduras, while additional provisional issues were minted at various points in Costa Rica, Honduras, and El Salvador. [2] [3] Both Guatemala and Costa Rica continued minting coins in the style of the republican real until the late 1840s; [2] the currency was eventually replaced by the Costa Rican real, Salvadoran peso, Guatemalan peso, Honduran real and Nicaraguan peso. [2]
The numismatic history of the Federal Republic begins with the passage of the coinage law of 19 March 1824. This law, titled Ley Que Prohibe la Acunacion de Moneda con las Armas de la Monarquia Espanola y Designa el Nuevo Tipo de Monedas de la Republica, banned the production of any coin with features distinctive of the Spanish monarchy and also described the appearance of new coinage. [2] The law states coins should be produced in gold and silver, featuring reverses with the motto Libre Crezca Fecundo and a Ceiba tree as a symbol of liberty. The coins obverses were to feature a series of volcanos and a radiant sun, with the sun to appear rising on the silver coins and fully risen on the gold. The five volcanos are typically taken to represent the five provinces of the republic. Due to their diminutive size, quarter real pieces were permitted by law to feature only three volcanos.
Master dies were prepared in Guatemala and eventually sent to the mints in Costa Rica and Tegucigalpa, Honduras. However before such dies could arrive, both mints took it upon themselves to hand carve dies and strike coins in gold and silver dated 1824 and 1825. These issues were very inconsistent in their weight and appearance, and as such were eventually demonetized in 1833 by the central government. Records indicate that between 10,900 and 17,000 pesos worth of provisional gold was melted during a three month period at this time. [2] As of 2017, fewer than 10 surviving examples of provisional gold are known to numismatists. [2]
The mint in Guatemala produced gold and silver coins for the republic from 1824–1841. The mint in Guatemala produced silver coins in denominations of 1/4, 1/2, 1, and 8 reales, [4] and gold coins in denominations of 1, 2, 4, and 8 escudos. [5] Guatemala did not formally secede from the republic until 1847 and continued producing republican 8 reales from 1841–1847. [2] [6] [7]
The mint in Costa Rica produced gold and silver coins for the republic from 1824–1838, and continued to produce gold coins in the republican style after forming an independent state. Costa Rica produced gold in denominations of 1/2, 1, 2, 4, and 8 escudos [2] [6] [5] and silver coins in denominations of 1/4, 1/2, 1 and 8 reales. [4] Much of the Costa Rican silver mintage was produced exclusively in 1831. [4]
The mint at Tegucigalpa, Honduras produced silver coins from 1824-1824 and from 1830–1832 in denominations of 1 real and 2 reales. After 1832, the mint in Honduras produced debased coinage from copper and lead alloys in various denominations. [4] The issues of 1824 and 1825 were considered nonstandard by the central government in Guatemala, and a law dictating minting operations cease in Tegucigalpa until improved dies could be delivered was passed in 1825. [2]
The Federal Republic of Central America, initially known as the United Provinces of Central America, was a sovereign state in Central America that existed between 1823 and 1839/1841. The republic was composed of five states, and a Federal District from 1835 to 1839. Guatemala City was its capital city until 1834, when the seat of government was relocated to San Salvador. The Federal Republic of Central America was bordered on the north by Mexico, on the south by Gran Colombia and on its eastern coastline by the Mosquito Coast and British Honduras, both claimed by the federal republic.
The Spanish dollar, also known as the piece of eight, is a silver coin of approximately 38 mm (1.5 in) diameter worth eight Spanish reales. It was minted in the Spanish Empire following a monetary reform in 1497 with content 25.563 g (0.8219 ozt) fine silver. It was widely used as the first international currency because of its uniformity in standard and milling characteristics. Some countries countermarked the Spanish dollar so it could be used as their local currency.
The Colombian peso is the currency of Colombia. Its ISO 4217 code is COP. The official peso symbol is $, with Col$. also being used to distinguish it from other peso- and dollar-denominated currencies.
Philippine peso coins are issued by the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas for circulation in the Philippines and are currently available in seven denominations. The Philippine peso has been in use since Spanish rule.
The colón is the currency of Costa Rica. It was named after Christopher Columbus, known as Cristóbal Colón in Spanish. A colón is divided into one hundred céntimos.
The real was a unit of currency in Spain for several centuries after the mid-14th century. It underwent several changes in value relative to other units throughout its lifetime until it was replaced by the peseta in 1868. The most common denomination for the currency was the silver eight-realSpanish dollar or peso which was used throughout Europe, America and Asia during the height of the Spanish Empire.
The venezolano was the currency of Venezuela between 1872 and 1879. It was divided into 100 centavos, although the names céntimo and centésimo were also used. Venezolano was also the name of two currencies planned in 1854 and 1865.
The silver real was the currency of the Spanish colonies in America and the Philippines. In the seventeenth century the silver real was established at two billon reales or sixty-eight maravedíes. Gold escudos were also issued. The coins circulated throughout Spain's colonies and beyond, with the eight-real piece, known in English as the Spanish dollar, becoming an international standard and spawning, among other currencies, the United States dollar. A reform in 1737 set the silver real at two and half billon reales or eighty-five maravedís. This coin, called the real de plata fuerte, became the new standard, issued as coins until the early 19th century. The gold escudo was worth 16 reales de plata fuerte.
The real was the currency of Honduras until 1862. Before 1824, the Spanish colonial real circulated, followed by the Central American Republic real. Sixteen silver reales equalled one gold escudo.
The real was a currency of Mexico, issued until 1897. There were 16 silver reales to 1 gold escudo, with 8 tlacos to the real. The peso, which circulated alongside the real and eventually replaced it, was equal to 8 reales.
The real was the currency of Peru until 1863. Sixteen silver reales equalled one gold escudo. The silver coin of 8 reales was also known as the peso.
The real was the currency of Costa Rica until 1850 and continued to circulate until 1864. It had no subdivisions. 16 silver reales equaled 1 gold escudo. The real was replaced by the peso at a rate of 1 peso = 8 reales.
This is an outline of Uruguay's monetary history. For the present currency of Uruguay, see Uruguayan peso.
This article provides an outline of the currency of Spanish America from Spanish colonization in the 15th century until Spanish American independencies in the 19th. This great realm was divided into the Viceroyalty of New Spain, which came to include all Spanish territory north of Panama, the West Indies, Venezuela, and the Philippines, and the Viceroyalty of Peru, which included Panama and all Spanish territory in South America except Venezuela. The monetary system of Spanish America, originally identical to that of Spain, soon diverged and took on a distinctive character of its own, which it passed on to the independent nations that followed after.
The currency of Venezuela has been in circulation since the end of the 18th century. The present currency unit in Venezuela is the Venezuelan bolívar.
Currency in Colombia denotes the ingots, coins, and banknotes that have been used in Colombia since 1622. It was in that year, under a licence purchased from King Philip III of Spain, that Alonso Turrillo de Yebra established a mint at Santa Fe de Bogotá and a branch mint at Cartagena de las Indias, where gold cobs were produced as part of Colombia's first currency. Silver milled coins date from 1627. In 1831, Gran Colombia dissolved into Venezuela and New Granada. In 1836, in New Granada, new monetary laws were passed, to standardise the money produced in the country. From 1861 to 1862, due to financial instability, the United States of New Granada accepted British currency, the name of the country becoming the United States of Colombia in 1862. In 1880, Colombia pegged the peso to the gold standard due to the falling price of silver. In 1886, the paper peso was introduced. In 1931, Colombia abandoned the gold standard and switched to the current form of the peso.
This article provides a historical summary of the currency used in Ecuador. The present currency of Ecuador is the United States dollar.
The history of Philippine money covers currency in use before the Hispanic era with gold Piloncitos and other commodities in circulation, as well as the adoption of the peso during the Hispanic era and afterwards.
The Chilean peso was the legal tender of Chile from 1817 until 1960, when it was replaced by the escudo, a currency that was itself replaced in 1975 by a new peso.
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